Alhassan N, Almetri T, Abualsoud S, Malhis A, Al-Qahtani K, Alwazna A, Salloum N, Zaeri B, Hegazy A, Mohamed S, Bashawri Y, Al Ghanim N. Causes of Hospitalization for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Saudi Arabia Compared With the Global Setting: A Retrospective Single-center Observational Study.
Cureus 2021;
13:e18858. [PMID:
34804711 PMCID:
PMC8597676 DOI:
10.7759/cureus.18858]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
This study sought to evaluate the main causes of hospitalization of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a tertiary health center in Saudi Arabia.
METHODS
A retrospective observational study was performed for all the SLE patients admitted to King Saud Medical City between 2016 and 2019. The primary reason for hospitalization was determined by the primary physician caring for the patient at the time of admission.
RESULTS
Of the 98 hospitalizations for SLE, 49% of patients were admitted from the emergency department (ED) and 51% from the rheumatology clinic. The most common reason for hospitalization was lupus flare (68.4%) followed by infection (20.4%). The lupus flare patients commonly presented with musculoskeletal (MSK)symptoms (34.6%), renal manifestations (25.5%), and skin rash (24.5%), whereas patients admitted with infection were commonly diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia (12.2%). Other hospitalization causes were obstetric complications, adverse drug reactions, and thrombosis. Intensive care unit (ICU) admission was necessary for 7% of patients due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary hemorrhage (28.6%) or other reasons (14.1%), such as pleural effusion, cardiac tamponade, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Conclusions: The two most common reasons for SLE hospitalization were lupus flare and infection. Lupus flare was mainly due to MSK, renal, and dermatologic manifestations. The most common infection leading to hospitalization was community-acquired pneumonia, and ICU admission was mainly due to ARDS and pulmonary hemorrhage.
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