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Hill TW, Vance S, Loome JF, Haugen BJ, Loprete DM, Stoddard SV, Jackson-Hayes L. A member of the OSCA/TMEM63 family of mechanosensitive calcium channels participates in cell wall integrity maintenance in Aspergillus nidulans. Fungal Genet Biol 2023; 169:103842. [PMID: 37805121 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The calF7 mutation in Aspergillus nidulans causes hypersensitivity to the cell wall compromising agents Calcofluor White (CFW) and Congo Red. In this research we demonstrate that the calF7 mutation resides in gene AN2880, encoding a predicted member of the OSCA/TMEM63 family of transmembrane glycoproteins. Those members of the family whose physiological functions have been investigated have been shown to act as mechanosensitive calcium transport channels. Deletion of AN2880 replicates the CFW hypersensitivity phenotype. Separately, we show that CFW hypersensitivity of calF deletion strains can be overcome by inclusion of elevated levels of extracellular calcium ions in the growth medium, and, correspondingly, wild type strains grown in media deficient in calcium ions are no longer resistant to CFW. These observations support a model in which accommodation to at least some forms of cell wall stress is mediated by a calcium ion signaling system in which the AN2880 gene product plays a role. The genetic lesion in calF7 is predicted to result in a glycine-to-arginine substitution at position 638 of the 945-residue CalF protein in a region of the RSN1_7TM domain that is highly conserved amongst filamentous fungi. Homology modeling predicts that the consequence of a G638R substitution is to structurally occlude the principal conductance pore in the protein. GFP-tagged wild type CalF localizes principally to the Spitzenkörper and the plasma membrane at growing tips and forming septa. However, both septation and hyphal morphology appear to be normal in calF7 and AN2880 deletion strains, indicating that any role played by CalF in normal hyphal growth and cytokinesis is dispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry W Hill
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA.
| | - Stanley Vance
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Jennifer F Loome
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Benard J Haugen
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Darlene M Loprete
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Shana V Stoddard
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Loretta Jackson-Hayes
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
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2
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Stoddard SV, Stoddard SD, Oelkers BK, Fitts K, Whalum K, Whalum K, Hemphill AD, Manikonda J, Martinez LM, Riley EG, Roof CM, Sarwar N, Thomas DM, Ulmer E, Wallace FE, Pandey P, Roy S. Optimization Rules for SARS-CoV-2 M pro Antivirals: Ensemble Docking and Exploration of the Coronavirus Protease Active Site. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090942. [PMID: 32859008 PMCID: PMC7552026 DOI: 10.3390/v12090942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses are viral infections that have a significant ability to impact human health. Coronaviruses have produced two pandemics and one epidemic in the last two decades. The current pandemic has created a worldwide catastrophe threatening the lives of over 15 million as of July 2020. Current research efforts have been focused on producing a vaccine or repurposing current drug compounds to develop a therapeutic. There is, however, a need to study the active site preferences of relevant targets, such as the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro), to determine ways to optimize these drug compounds. The ensemble docking and characterization work described in this article demonstrates the multifaceted features of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro active site, molecular guidelines to improving binding affinity, and ultimately the optimization of drug candidates. A total of 220 compounds were docked into both the 5R7Z and 6LU7 SARS-CoV-2 Mpro crystal structures. Several key preferences for strong binding to the four subsites (S1, S1′, S2, and S4) were identified, such as accessing hydrogen binding hotspots, hydrophobic patches, and utilization of primarily aliphatic instead of aromatic substituents. After optimization efforts using the design guidelines developed from the molecular docking studies, the average docking score of the parent compounds was improved by 6.59 −log10(Kd) in binding affinity which represents an increase of greater than six orders of magnitude. Using the optimization guidelines, the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor cinanserin was optimized resulting in an increase in binding affinity of 4.59 −log10(Kd) and increased protease inhibitor bioactivity. The results of molecular dynamic (MD) simulation of cinanserin-optimized compounds CM02, CM06, and CM07 revealed that CM02 and CM06 fit well into the active site of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro [Protein Data Bank (PDB) accession number 6LU7] and formed strong and stable interactions with the key residues, Ser-144, His-163, and Glu-166. The enhanced binding affinity produced demonstrates the utility of the design guidelines described. The work described herein will assist scientists in developing potent COVID-19 antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana V. Stoddard
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; (S.D.S.); (B.K.O.); (K.F.); (K.W.); (K.W.); (A.D.H.); (J.M.); (L.M.M.); (E.G.R.); (C.M.R.); (N.S.); (D.M.T.); (E.U.); (F.E.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Serena D. Stoddard
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; (S.D.S.); (B.K.O.); (K.F.); (K.W.); (K.W.); (A.D.H.); (J.M.); (L.M.M.); (E.G.R.); (C.M.R.); (N.S.); (D.M.T.); (E.U.); (F.E.W.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, 201 Frederick D Patterson Dr, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA
| | - Benjamin K. Oelkers
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; (S.D.S.); (B.K.O.); (K.F.); (K.W.); (K.W.); (A.D.H.); (J.M.); (L.M.M.); (E.G.R.); (C.M.R.); (N.S.); (D.M.T.); (E.U.); (F.E.W.)
| | - Kennedi Fitts
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; (S.D.S.); (B.K.O.); (K.F.); (K.W.); (K.W.); (A.D.H.); (J.M.); (L.M.M.); (E.G.R.); (C.M.R.); (N.S.); (D.M.T.); (E.U.); (F.E.W.)
| | - Kellen Whalum
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; (S.D.S.); (B.K.O.); (K.F.); (K.W.); (K.W.); (A.D.H.); (J.M.); (L.M.M.); (E.G.R.); (C.M.R.); (N.S.); (D.M.T.); (E.U.); (F.E.W.)
| | - Kaylah Whalum
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; (S.D.S.); (B.K.O.); (K.F.); (K.W.); (K.W.); (A.D.H.); (J.M.); (L.M.M.); (E.G.R.); (C.M.R.); (N.S.); (D.M.T.); (E.U.); (F.E.W.)
| | - Alexander D. Hemphill
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; (S.D.S.); (B.K.O.); (K.F.); (K.W.); (K.W.); (A.D.H.); (J.M.); (L.M.M.); (E.G.R.); (C.M.R.); (N.S.); (D.M.T.); (E.U.); (F.E.W.)
| | - Jithin Manikonda
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; (S.D.S.); (B.K.O.); (K.F.); (K.W.); (K.W.); (A.D.H.); (J.M.); (L.M.M.); (E.G.R.); (C.M.R.); (N.S.); (D.M.T.); (E.U.); (F.E.W.)
| | - Linda Michelle Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; (S.D.S.); (B.K.O.); (K.F.); (K.W.); (K.W.); (A.D.H.); (J.M.); (L.M.M.); (E.G.R.); (C.M.R.); (N.S.); (D.M.T.); (E.U.); (F.E.W.)
| | - Elizabeth G. Riley
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; (S.D.S.); (B.K.O.); (K.F.); (K.W.); (K.W.); (A.D.H.); (J.M.); (L.M.M.); (E.G.R.); (C.M.R.); (N.S.); (D.M.T.); (E.U.); (F.E.W.)
| | - Caroline M. Roof
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; (S.D.S.); (B.K.O.); (K.F.); (K.W.); (K.W.); (A.D.H.); (J.M.); (L.M.M.); (E.G.R.); (C.M.R.); (N.S.); (D.M.T.); (E.U.); (F.E.W.)
| | - Nowreen Sarwar
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; (S.D.S.); (B.K.O.); (K.F.); (K.W.); (K.W.); (A.D.H.); (J.M.); (L.M.M.); (E.G.R.); (C.M.R.); (N.S.); (D.M.T.); (E.U.); (F.E.W.)
| | - Doni M. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; (S.D.S.); (B.K.O.); (K.F.); (K.W.); (K.W.); (A.D.H.); (J.M.); (L.M.M.); (E.G.R.); (C.M.R.); (N.S.); (D.M.T.); (E.U.); (F.E.W.)
| | - Emily Ulmer
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; (S.D.S.); (B.K.O.); (K.F.); (K.W.); (K.W.); (A.D.H.); (J.M.); (L.M.M.); (E.G.R.); (C.M.R.); (N.S.); (D.M.T.); (E.U.); (F.E.W.)
| | - Felissa E. Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; (S.D.S.); (B.K.O.); (K.F.); (K.W.); (K.W.); (A.D.H.); (J.M.); (L.M.M.); (E.G.R.); (C.M.R.); (N.S.); (D.M.T.); (E.U.); (F.E.W.)
- Walnut Hills High School, 3250 Victory Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45207, USA
| | - Pankaj Pandey
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Sudeshna Roy
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
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3
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Balasubramaniam S, Vijayan S, Goldman LV, May XA, Dodson K, Adhikari S, Rivas F, Watkins DL, Stoddard SV. Design and synthesis of diazine-based panobinostat analogues for HDAC8 inhibition. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:628-637. [PMID: 32318119 PMCID: PMC7155894 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Guided by computational analysis, herein we report the design, synthesis and evaluation of four novel diazine-based histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis). The targets of interest (TOI) are analogues of panobinostat, one of the most potent and versatile HDACi reported. By simply replacing the phenyl core of panobinostat with that of a diazine derivative, docking studies against HDAC2 and HDAC8 revealed that the four analogues exhibit inhibition activities comparable to that of panobinostat. Multistep syntheses afforded the visualized targets TOI1, TOI2, TOI3-rev and TOI4 whose biological evaluation confirmed the strength of HDAC8 inhibition with TOI4 displaying the greatest efficacy at varying concentrations. The results of this study lay the foundation for future design strategies toward more potent HDACis for HDAC8 isozymes and further therapeutic applications for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sajith Vijayan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Liam V Goldman
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Xavier A May
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Kyra Dodson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Sweta Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Fatima Rivas
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Davita L Watkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
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4
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Butch ER, Mead PE, Amador Diaz V, Tillman H, Stewart E, Mishra JK, Kim J, Bahrami A, Dearling JLJ, Packard AB, Stoddard SV, Vāvere AL, Han Y, Shulkin BL, Snyder SE. Positron Emission Tomography Detects In Vivo Expression of Disialoganglioside GD2 in Mouse Models of Primary and Metastatic Osteosarcoma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3112-3124. [PMID: 31015228 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The cell membrane glycolipid GD2 is expressed by multiple solid tumors, including 88% of osteosarcomas and 98% of neuroblastomas. However, osteosarcomas are highly heterogeneous, with many tumors exhibiting GD2 expression on <50% of the individual cells, while some tumors are essentially GD2-negative. Anti-GD2 immunotherapy is the current standard of care for high-risk neuroblastoma, but its application to recurrent osteosarcomas, for which no effective therapies exist, has been extremely limited. This is, in part, because the standard assays to measure GD2 expression in these heterogeneous tumors are not quantitative and are subject to tissue availability and sampling bias. To address these limitations, we evaluated a novel, sensitive radiotracer [64Cu]Cu-Bn-NOTA-hu14.18K322A to detect GD2 expression in osteosarcomas (six patient-derived xenografts and one cell line) in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET). Tumor uptake of the radiolabeled, humanized anti-GD2 antibody [64Cu]Cu-Bn-NOTA-hu14.18K322A was 7-fold higher in modestly GD2-expressing osteosarcomas (32% GD2-positive cells) than in a GD2-negative tumor (9.8% vs. 1.3% of the injected dose per cc, respectively). This radiotracer also identified lesions as small as 29 mm3 in a 34% GD2-positive model of metastatic osteosarcoma of the lung. Radiolabeled antibody accumulation in patient-derived xenografts correlated with GD2 expression as measured by flow cytometry (Pearson r = 0.88, P = 0.01), distinguishing moderately GD2-expressing osteosarcomas (32%-69% GD2-positive cells) from high GD2 expressors (>99%, P < 0.05). These results support the utility of GD2 imaging with PET to measure GD2 expression in osteosarcoma and thus maximize the clinical impact of anti-GD2 immunotherapy. SIGNIFICANCE: In situ assessment of all GD2-positive osteosarcoma sites with a novel PET radiotracer could significantly impact anti-GD2 immunotherapy patient selection and enable noninvasive probing of correlations between target expression and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Butch
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Paul E Mead
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Victor Amador Diaz
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Heather Tillman
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Elizabeth Stewart
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jitendra K Mishra
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jieun Kim
- Center for In Vivo Imaging and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Armita Bahrami
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jason L J Dearling
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alan B Packard
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shana V Stoddard
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Amy L Vāvere
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Barry L Shulkin
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Scott E Snyder
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee. .,Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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5
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Welsh CL, Hayes CA, May XA, Stoddard SV. In silico
Prediction of Immunogenic Sites on PMN Antigen and Design of Epitope Blocking Caps. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.472.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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6
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Goldman L, Stocks O, Stoddard SV. Epitope Characterization and Design of Epitope Binding Proteins for Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy: New Tools for Autoimmune Kidney Disease Therapy. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.632.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Stoddard SV, Welsh CL, Palopoli MM, Stoddard SD, Aramandla MP, Patel RM, Ma H, Beck LH. Structure and function insights garnered from in silico modeling of the thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A antigen. Proteins 2018; 87:136-145. [PMID: 30520531 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The thrombospondin type-1 domain containing 7A (THSD7A) protein is known to be one of the antigens responsible for the autoimmune disorder idiopathic membranous nephropathy. The structure of this antigen is currently unsolved experimentally. Here we present a homology model of the extracellular portion of the THSD7A antigen. The structure was evaluated for folding patterns, epitope site prediction, and function was predicted. Results show that this protein contains 21 extracellular domains and with the exception of the first two domains, has a regular repeating pattern of TSP-1-like followed by F-spondin-like domains. Our results indicate the presence of a novel Trp-ladder sequence of WxxxxW in the TSP-1-like domains. Of the 21 domains, 18 were shown to have epitope binding sites as predicted by epitopia. Several of the F-spondin-like domains have insertions in the canonical TSP fold, most notably the coiled coil region in domain 4, which may be utilized in protein-protein binding interactions, suggesting that this protein functions as a heparan sulfate binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin L Welsh
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Serena D Stoddard
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Riya M Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laurence H Beck
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Section, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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8
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Stoddard SV, May XA, Rivas F, Dodson K, Vijayan S, Adhika S, Parker K, Watkins DL. Design of Potent Panobinostat Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Derivatives: Molecular Considerations for Enhanced Isozyme Selectivity between HDAC2 and HDAC8. Mol Inform 2018; 38:e1800080. [PMID: 30369061 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201800080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) are an important family of 18 isozymes, which are being pursued as drug targets for many types of disorders. HDAC2 and HDAC8 are two of the isozymes, which have been identified as drug targets for the design of anti-cancer, neurodegenerative, immunological, and anti-parasitic agents. Design of potent HDAC2 and HDAC8 inhibitors will be useful for the therapeutic advances in many disorders. This work was undertaken to develop potent HDAC2 and HDAC8 inhibitors. A docking study was performed comparing panobinostat derivatives in both HDAC2 and HDAC8. Six of our derivatives showed stronger binding to HDAC2 than panobinostat, and two of our derivatives showed stronger binding to HDAC8 than panobinostat. We evaluated the molecular features, which improved potency of our inhibitors over panobinostat and also identified another molecular consideration, which could be used to enhance histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) selectivity towards either the HDAC2 or HDAC8 isozymes. The results of this work can be used to assist future design of more potent and selective HDACi for HDAC2 and HDAC8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana V Stoddard
- Rhodes College, Department of Chemistry, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN, 38112, USA
| | - Xavier A May
- Rhodes College, Department of Chemistry, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN, 38112, USA
| | - Fatima Rivas
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105-3678, USA
| | - Kyra Dodson
- University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry P.O. Box 1848, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Sajith Vijayan
- University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry P.O. Box 1848, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Swetha Adhika
- University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry P.O. Box 1848, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Kordarius Parker
- University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry P.O. Box 1848, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Davita L Watkins
- University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry P.O. Box 1848, Oxford, MS, 38677, USA
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9
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Stoddard SV, Hamann MT, Wadkins RM. Insights and ideas garnered from marine metabolites for development of dual-function acetylcholinesterase and amyloid-β aggregation inhibitors. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:2114-31. [PMID: 24714126 PMCID: PMC4012451 DOI: 10.3390/md12042114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the diversity of biological activities that can be found in aquatic ecosystems, marine metabolites have been an active area of drug discovery for the last 30 years. Marine metabolites have been found to inhibit a number of enzymes important in the treatment of human disease. Here, we focus on marine metabolites that inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which is the cellular target for treatment of early-stage Alzheimer’s disease. Currently, development of anticholinesterase drugs with improved potency, and drugs that act as dual acetylcholinesterase and amyloid-β aggregation inhibitors, are being sought to treat Alzheimer’s disease. Seven classes of marine metabolites are reported to possess anti-cholinesterase activity. We compared these metabolites to clinically-used acetylcholinesterase inhibitors having known mechanisms of inhibition. We performed a docking simulation and compared them to published experimental data for each metabolite to determine the most likely mechanism of inhibition for each class of marine inhibitor. Our results indicate that several marine metabolites bind to regions of the acetylcholinesterase active site that are not bound by the clinically-used drugs rivastigmine, galanthamine, donepezil, or tacrine. We use the novel poses adopted for computational drug design of tighter binding anticholinesterase drugs likely to act as inhibitors of both acetylcholinesterase activity and amyloid-β aggregation inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana V Stoddard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, 409 Coulter Hall, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Mark T Hamann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Mississippi, 407 Faser Hall, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Randy M Wadkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, 409 Coulter Hall, University, MS 38677, USA.
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10
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Abstract
Carboxylesterases (CEs) are important enzymes that catalyze biological detoxification, hydrolysis of certain pesticides, and metabolism of many esterified drugs. The development of inhibitors for CE has many potential uses, including increasing drug lifetime and altering biodistrubution; reducing or abrogating toxicity of metabolized drugs; and reducing pest resistance to insecticides. In this review, we discuss the major classes of known mammalian CE inhibitors and describe our computational efforts to design new scaffolds for development of novel, selective inhibitors. We discuss several strategies for in silico inhibitor development, including structure docking, database searching, multidimensional quantitative structure activity analysis (QSAR), and a newly-used approach that uses QSAR combined with de novo drug design. While our research is focused on design of specific inhibitors for human intestinal carboxylesterase (hiCE), the methods described are generally applicable to inhibitors of other enzymes, including CE from other tissues and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana V. Stoddard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Xiaozhen Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Philip M. Potter
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Randy M. Wadkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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