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Gomez-Mariano G, Perez-Luz S, Ramos-Del Saz S, Matamala N, Hernandez-SanMiguel E, Fernandez-Prieto M, Gil-Martin S, Justo I, Marcacuzco A, Martinez-Delgado B. Acid Sphingomyelinase Deficiency Type B Patient-Derived Liver Organoids Reveals Altered Lysosomal Gene Expression and Lipid Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12645. [PMID: 37628828 PMCID: PMC10454326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) or Niemann-Pick disease type A (NPA), type B (NPB) and type A/B (NPA/B), is a rare lysosomal storage disease characterized by progressive accumulation of sphingomyelin (SM) in the liver, lungs, bone marrow and, in severe cases, neurons. A disease model was established by generating liver organoids from a NPB patient carrying the p.Arg610del variant in the SMPD1 gene. Liver organoids were characterized by transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis. We observed altered lipid homeostasis in the patient-derived organoids showing the predictable increase in sphingomyelin (SM), together with cholesterol esters (CE) and triacylglycerides (TAG), and a reduction in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cardiolipins (CL). Analysis of lysosomal gene expression pointed to 24 downregulated genes, including SMPD1, and 26 upregulated genes that reflect the lysosomal stress typical of the disease. Altered genes revealed reduced expression of enzymes that could be involved in the accumulation in the hepatocytes of sphyngoglycolipids and glycoproteins, as well as upregulated genes coding for different glycosidases and cathepsins. Lipidic and transcriptome changes support the use of hepatic organoids as ideal models for ASMD investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Gomez-Mariano
- Molecular Genetics and Genetic Diagnostic Units, Institute of Rare Diseases Research (IIER), Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.-L.); (S.R.-D.S.); (N.M.); (E.H.-S.); (M.F.-P.); (S.G.-M.); (B.M.-D.)
| | - Sara Perez-Luz
- Molecular Genetics and Genetic Diagnostic Units, Institute of Rare Diseases Research (IIER), Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.-L.); (S.R.-D.S.); (N.M.); (E.H.-S.); (M.F.-P.); (S.G.-M.); (B.M.-D.)
| | - Sheila Ramos-Del Saz
- Molecular Genetics and Genetic Diagnostic Units, Institute of Rare Diseases Research (IIER), Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.-L.); (S.R.-D.S.); (N.M.); (E.H.-S.); (M.F.-P.); (S.G.-M.); (B.M.-D.)
| | - Nerea Matamala
- Molecular Genetics and Genetic Diagnostic Units, Institute of Rare Diseases Research (IIER), Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.-L.); (S.R.-D.S.); (N.M.); (E.H.-S.); (M.F.-P.); (S.G.-M.); (B.M.-D.)
| | - Esther Hernandez-SanMiguel
- Molecular Genetics and Genetic Diagnostic Units, Institute of Rare Diseases Research (IIER), Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.-L.); (S.R.-D.S.); (N.M.); (E.H.-S.); (M.F.-P.); (S.G.-M.); (B.M.-D.)
| | - Marta Fernandez-Prieto
- Molecular Genetics and Genetic Diagnostic Units, Institute of Rare Diseases Research (IIER), Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.-L.); (S.R.-D.S.); (N.M.); (E.H.-S.); (M.F.-P.); (S.G.-M.); (B.M.-D.)
| | - Sara Gil-Martin
- Molecular Genetics and Genetic Diagnostic Units, Institute of Rare Diseases Research (IIER), Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.-L.); (S.R.-D.S.); (N.M.); (E.H.-S.); (M.F.-P.); (S.G.-M.); (B.M.-D.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER U758, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iago Justo
- General and Digestive Surgery Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (I.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Alberto Marcacuzco
- General and Digestive Surgery Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (I.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Beatriz Martinez-Delgado
- Molecular Genetics and Genetic Diagnostic Units, Institute of Rare Diseases Research (IIER), Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.-L.); (S.R.-D.S.); (N.M.); (E.H.-S.); (M.F.-P.); (S.G.-M.); (B.M.-D.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER U758, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Pérez-Luz S, Lalchandani J, Matamala N, Barrero MJ, Gil-Martín S, Saz SRD, Varona S, Monzón S, Cuesta I, Justo I, Marcacuzco A, Hierro L, Garfia C, Gomez-Mariano G, Janciauskiene S, Martínez-Delgado B. Quantitative Lipid Profiling Reveals Major Differences between Liver Organoids with Normal Pi*M and Deficient Pi*Z Variants of Alpha-1-antitrypsin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12472. [PMID: 37569847 PMCID: PMC10419530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Different mutations in the SERPINA1 gene result in alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency and in an increased risk for the development of liver diseases. More than 90% of severe deficiency patients are homozygous for Z (Glu342Lys) mutation. This mutation causes Z-AAT polymerization and intrahepatic accumulation which can result in hepatic alterations leading to steatosis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and/or hepatocarcinoma. We aimed to investigate lipid status in hepatocytes carrying Z and normal M alleles of the SERPINA1 gene. Hepatic organoids were developed to investigate lipid alterations. Lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells overexpressing Z-AAT, as well as in patient-derived hepatic organoids from Pi*MZ and Pi*ZZ individuals, was evaluated by Oil-Red staining in comparison to HepG2 cells expressing M-AAT and liver organoids from Pi*MM controls. Furthermore, mass spectrometry-based lipidomics analysis and transcriptomic profiling were assessed in Pi*MZ and Pi*ZZ organoids. HepG2 cells expressing Z-AAT and liver organoids from Pi*MZ and Pi*ZZ patients showed intracellular accumulation of AAT and high numbers of lipid droplets. These latter paralleled with augmented intrahepatic lipids, and in particular altered proportion of triglycerides, cholesterol esters, and cardiolipins. According to transcriptomic analysis, Pi*ZZ organoids possess many alterations in genes and cellular processes of lipid metabolism with a specific impact on the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and peroxisome dysfunction. Our data reveal a relationship between intrahepatic accumulation of Z-AAT and alterations in lipid homeostasis, which implies that liver organoids provide an excellent model to study liver diseases related to the mutation of the SERPINA1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pérez-Luz
- Molecular Genetics and Genetic Diagnostic Units, Institute of Rare Diseases Research (IIER), Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.-L.); (J.L.); (N.M.); (S.G.-M.); (S.R.-D.S.); (G.G.-M.)
| | - Jaanam Lalchandani
- Molecular Genetics and Genetic Diagnostic Units, Institute of Rare Diseases Research (IIER), Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.-L.); (J.L.); (N.M.); (S.G.-M.); (S.R.-D.S.); (G.G.-M.)
| | - Nerea Matamala
- Molecular Genetics and Genetic Diagnostic Units, Institute of Rare Diseases Research (IIER), Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.-L.); (J.L.); (N.M.); (S.G.-M.); (S.R.-D.S.); (G.G.-M.)
| | - Maria Jose Barrero
- Models and Mechanisms Unit, Institute of Rare Diseases Research (IIER), Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sara Gil-Martín
- Molecular Genetics and Genetic Diagnostic Units, Institute of Rare Diseases Research (IIER), Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.-L.); (J.L.); (N.M.); (S.G.-M.); (S.R.-D.S.); (G.G.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER U758, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sheila Ramos-Del Saz
- Molecular Genetics and Genetic Diagnostic Units, Institute of Rare Diseases Research (IIER), Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.-L.); (J.L.); (N.M.); (S.G.-M.); (S.R.-D.S.); (G.G.-M.)
| | - Sarai Varona
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.V.); (S.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Sara Monzón
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.V.); (S.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Isabel Cuesta
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.V.); (S.M.); (I.C.)
| | - Iago Justo
- General and Digestive Surgery Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (I.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Alberto Marcacuzco
- General and Digestive Surgery Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (I.J.); (A.M.)
| | - Loreto Hierro
- Paediatric Hepatology Service, Research Institute of University Hospital La Paz, (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Cristina Garfia
- Digestive Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Gema Gomez-Mariano
- Molecular Genetics and Genetic Diagnostic Units, Institute of Rare Diseases Research (IIER), Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.-L.); (J.L.); (N.M.); (S.G.-M.); (S.R.-D.S.); (G.G.-M.)
| | - Sabina Janciauskiene
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Delgado
- Molecular Genetics and Genetic Diagnostic Units, Institute of Rare Diseases Research (IIER), Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.P.-L.); (J.L.); (N.M.); (S.G.-M.); (S.R.-D.S.); (G.G.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, CIBERER U758, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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