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Chew NJ, Nguyen EV, Su SP, Novy K, Chan HC, Nguyen LK, Luu J, Simpson KJ, Lee RS, Daly RJ. FGFR3 signaling and function in triple negative breast cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:13. [PMID: 31987043 PMCID: PMC6986078 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 16% of breast cancers and represents an aggressive subtype that lacks targeted therapeutic options. In this study, mass spectrometry (MS)-based tyrosine phosphorylation profiling identified aberrant FGFR3 activation in a subset of TNBC cell lines. This kinase was therefore evaluated as a potential therapeutic target. Methods MS-based tyrosine phosphorylation profiling was undertaken across a panel of 24 TNBC cell lines. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot were used to further characterize FGFR3 phosphorylation. Indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy were used to determine FGFR3 localization. The selective FGFR1–3 inhibitor, PD173074 and siRNA knockdowns were used to characterize the functional role of FGFR3 in vitro. The TCGA and Metabric breast cancer datasets were interrogated to identify FGFR3 alterations and how they relate to breast cancer subtype and overall patient survival. Results High FGFR3 expression and phosphorylation were detected in SUM185PE cells, which harbor a FGFR3-TACC3 gene fusion. Low FGFR3 phosphorylation was detected in CAL51, MFM-223 and MDA-MB-231 cells. In SUM185PE cells, the FGFR3-TACC3 fusion protein contributed the majority of phosphorylated FGFR3, and largely localized to the cytoplasm and plasma membrane, with staining at the mitotic spindle in a small subset of cells. Knockdown of the FGFR3-TACC3 fusion and wildtype FGFR3 in SUM185PE cells decreased FRS2, AKT and ERK phosphorylation, and induced cell death. Knockdown of wildtype FGFR3 resulted in only a trend for decreased proliferation. PD173074 significantly decreased FRS2, AKT and ERK activation, and reduced SUM185PE cell proliferation. Cyclin A and pRb were also decreased in the presence of PD173074, while cleaved PARP was increased, indicating cell cycle arrest in G1 phase and apoptosis. Knockdown of FGFR3 in CAL51, MFM-223 and MDA-MB-231 cells had no significant effect on cell proliferation. Interrogation of public datasets revealed that increased FGFR3 expression in breast cancer was significantly associated with reduced overall survival, and that potentially oncogenic FGFR3 alterations (eg mutation and amplification) occur in the TNBC/basal, luminal A and luminal B subtypes, but are rare. Conclusions These results indicate that targeting FGFR3 may represent a therapeutic option for TNBC, but only for patients with oncogenic FGFR3 alterations, such as the FGFR3-TACC3 fusion. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Chew
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Elizabeth V Nguyen
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Shih-Ping Su
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Karel Novy
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Howard C Chan
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Lan K Nguyen
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jennii Luu
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Kaylene J Simpson
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Rachel S Lee
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Roger J Daly
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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Su SP, Flashner-Abramson E, Klein S, Gal M, Lee RS, Wu J, Levitzki A, Daly RJ. Impact of the Anticancer Drug NT157 on Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Networks. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:931-942. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-17-0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Humphrey ES, Su SP, Nagrial AM, Hochgräfe F, Pajic M, Lehrbach GM, Parton RG, Yap AS, Horvath LG, Chang DK, Biankin AV, Wu J, Daly RJ. Resolution of Novel Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Subtypes by Global Phosphotyrosine Profiling. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:2671-85. [PMID: 27259358 PMCID: PMC4974343 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.058313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive characterization of signaling in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) promises to enhance our understanding of the molecular aberrations driving this devastating disease, and may identify novel therapeutic targets as well as biomarkers that enable stratification of patients for optimal therapy. Here, we use immunoaffinity-coupled high-resolution mass spectrometry to characterize global tyrosine phosphorylation patterns across two large panels of human PDAC cell lines: the ATCC series (19 cell lines) and TKCC series (17 cell lines). This resulted in the identification and quantification of over 1800 class 1 tyrosine phosphorylation sites and the consistent segregation of both PDAC cell line series into three subtypes with distinct tyrosine phosphorylation profiles. Subtype-selective signaling networks were characterized by identification of subtype-enriched phosphosites together with pathway and network analyses. This revealed that the three subtypes characteristic of the ATCC series were associated with perturbations in signaling networks associated with cell-cell adhesion and epithelial-mesenchyme transition, mRNA metabolism, and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, respectively. Specifically, the third subtype exhibited enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple RTKs including the EGFR, ERBB3 and MET. Interestingly, a similar RTK-enriched subtype was identified in the TKCC series, and 'classifier' sites for each series identified using Random Forest models were able to predict the subtypes of the alternate series with high accuracy, highlighting the conservation of the three subtypes across the two series. Finally, RTK-enriched cell lines from both series exhibited enhanced sensitivity to the small molecule EGFR inhibitor erlotinib, indicating that their phosphosignature may provide a predictive biomarker for response to this targeted therapy. These studies highlight how resolution of subtype-selective signaling networks can provide a novel taxonomy for particular cancers, and provide insights into PDAC biology that can be exploited for improved patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Humphrey
- From the ‡Cancer Division and Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; §St Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shih-Ping Su
- ¶Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Level 1, Building 77, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Adnan M Nagrial
- From the ‡Cancer Division and Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; §St Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Falko Hochgräfe
- ‖Competence Center Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, F.-L-Jahnstr. 15, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marina Pajic
- From the ‡Cancer Division and Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; §St Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Gillian M Lehrbach
- From the ‡Cancer Division and Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Robert G Parton
- **Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alpha S Yap
- **Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lisa G Horvath
- From the ‡Cancer Division and Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; ‡‡Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - David K Chang
- §§Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Andrew V Biankin
- §§Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK;
| | - Jianmin Wu
- ¶¶Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Center for Cancer Bioinformatics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fu-Cheng Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100142, China From the ‡Cancer Division and Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; §St Vincent's Hospital Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Roger J Daly
- ¶Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Level 1, Building 77, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia;
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Su SP, Song X, Xavier D, Aquilina JA. Age-related cleavages of crystallins in human lens cortical fiber cells generate a plethora of endogenous peptides and high molecular weight complexes. Proteins 2015; 83:1878-86. [PMID: 26238763 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Low molecular weight peptides derived from the breakdown of crystallins have been reported in adult human lenses. The proliferation of these LMW peptides coincides with the earliest stages of cataract formation, suggesting that the protein cleavages involved may contribute to the aggregation and insolubilization of crystallins. This study reports the identification of 238 endogenous LMW crystallin peptides from the cortical extracts of four human lenses representing young, middle and old-age human lenses. Analysis of the peptide terminal amino acids showed that Lys and Arg were situated at the C-terminus with significantly higher frequency compared to other residues, suggesting that trypsin-like proteolysis may be active in the lens cortical fiber cells. Selected reaction monitoring analysis of an endogenous αA-crystallin peptide (αA(57-65)) showed that the concentration of this peptide in the human lens increased gradually to middle age, after which the rate of αA(57-65) formation escalated significantly. Using 2D gel electrophoresis/nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS, 12 protein complexes of 40-150 kDa consisting of multiple crystallin components were characterized from the water soluble cortical extracts of an adult human lens. The detection of these protein complexes suggested the possibility of crystallin cross-linking, with these complexes potentially acting to stabilize degraded crystallins by sequestration into water soluble complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ping Su
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Xiaomin Song
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - Dylan Xavier
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, 2109, Australia
| | - J Andrew Aquilina
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
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Su SP, Lyons B, Friedrich M, McArthur JD, Song X, Xavier D, Truscott RJW, Aquilina JA. Molecular signatures of long-lived proteins: autolytic cleavage adjacent to serine residues. Aging Cell 2012; 11:1125-7. [PMID: 22805275 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2012.00860.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The centre of the human lens, which is composed of proteins that were synthesized prior to birth, is an ideal model for the evaluation of long-term protein stability and processes responsible for the degradation of macromolecules. By analysing the sequences of peptides present in human lens nuclei, characteristic features of intrinsic protein instability were determined. Prominent was the cleavage on the N-terminal side of serine residues. Despite accounting for just 9% of the amino acid composition of crystallins, peptides with N-terminal Ser represented one-quarter of all peptides. Nonenzymatic cleavage at Ser could be reproduced by incubating peptides at elevated temperatures. Serine residues may thus represent susceptible sites for autolysis in polypeptides exposed to physiological conditions over a period of years. Once these sites are cleaved, other chemical processes result in progressive removal or 'laddering' of amino acid residues from newly exposed N- and C-termini. As N-terminal Ser peptides originated from several crystallins with unrelated sequences, this may represent a general feature of long-lived proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ping Su
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Su SP, McArthur JD, Truscott RJW, Aquilina JA. Truncation, cross-linking and interaction of crystallins and intermediate filament proteins in the aging human lens. Biochim Biophys Acta 2011; 1814:647-56. [PMID: 21447408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The optical properties of the lens are dependent upon the integrity of proteins within the fiber cells. During aging, crystallins, the major intra-cellular structural proteins of the lens, aggregate and become water-insoluble. Modifications to crystallins and the lens intermediate filaments have been implicated in this phenomenon. In this study, we examined changes to, and interactions between, human lens crystallins and intermediate filament proteins in lenses from a variety of age groups (0-86years). Among the lens-specific intermediate filament proteins, filensin was extensively cleaved in all postnatal lenses, with truncated products of various sizes being found in both the lens cortical and nuclear extracts. Phakinin was also truncated and was not detected in the lens nucleus. The third major intermediate filament protein, vimentin, remained intact in lens cortical fiber cells across the age range except for an 86year lens, where a single ~49kDa breakdown product was observed. An αB-crystallin fusion protein (maltose-binding protein-αB-crystallin) was found to readily exchange subunits with endogenous α-crystallin, and following mild heat stress, to bind to filensin, phakinin and vimentin and to several of their truncated products. Tryptic digestion of a truncated form of filensin suggested that the binding site for α-crystallin may be in the N-terminal region. The presence of significant amounts of small peptides derived from γS- and βB1-crystallins in the water-insoluble fraction of the lens indicates that these interact tightly with cytoskeletal or membrane components. Interestingly, water-soluble complexes (~40kDa) contained predominantly γS- and βB1-crystallins, suggesting that cross-linking is an alternative pathway for modified β- and γ-crystallins in the lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ping Su
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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Su SP, McArthur JD, Andrew Aquilina J. Localization of low molecular weight crystallin peptides in the aging human lens using a MALDI mass spectrometry imaging approach. Exp Eye Res 2010; 91:97-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2010.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Futrell JM, Morgan PN, Su SP, Roth SI. Location of brown recluse venom attachment sites on human erythrocytes by the firritin-labeled antibody technique. Am J Pathol 1979; 95:675-82. [PMID: 377995 PMCID: PMC2042310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brown recluse spider (loxosceles reclusa) venom has been demonstrated by a ferritin-labeled antibody technique to attach to human erythrocyte cell membranes. The number of individual attachment sites per cell is proportional to the concentration of the venom used to sensitize the erythrocytes. Structural changes in the red cell membrane are associated with the venom attachment. These sites may be related to the red cell hemolysis which sometimes occurs in the human as a result of the spider bite.
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Futrell JM, Roth SI, Su SP, Habener JF, Segre GV, Potts JT. Immunocytochemical localization of parathyroid hormone in bovine parathyroid glands and human parathyroid adenomas. Am J Pathol 1979; 94:615-22. [PMID: 371413 PMCID: PMC2042270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Light and electron microscopic localization of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in human and bovine parathyroid tissue has been achieved using an indirect peroxidase labeled antibody method. Granular deposition of the reaction product was found throughout the chief cell cytoplasm. There was no nuclear staining. At the ultrastructural level, parathyroid hormone localized by this method appeared to be largely confined to the secretory granules in the cytoplasm of cells. Mitochondria and nuclei were free of reaction product. Aggregated sacs of granular endoplasmic reticulum were minimally reactive, and Golgi apparatuses did not show reaction product.
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