P-185 The migration speed of nucleolar precursor bodies in pronuclei affects in vitro fertilization-derived human embryo ploidy status

Study question

Does the migration speed of nucleolar precursor bodies (NPBs) in male and female pronuclei (mPN and fPN) affect in vitro fertilization (IVF)-derived embryo ploidy status?

Summary answer

The NPB migration speed in mPN impacts the IVF-derived human embryo ploidy status and this indicator could be an attractive marker for noninvasive embryo selection.

What is known already

NPBs are not considered as simple nucleolar components transmitted from an oocyte to an embryo, and they could participate in genome remodeling during embryo development. NPBs are essential only shortly after fertilization, suggesting that they may actively participate in centromeric chromatin establishment. A previous study demonstrated that NPBs migrated faster in intracytoplasmic sperm injection-derived zygotes having the potential to develop into a blastocyst and eventually into a baby (Inoue et al., 2021). However, the relationship between NPB migration speed and IVF-derived embryo ploidy status is unclear.

Study design, size, duration

The relationship between the NPB migration speed and embryo ploidy status was retrospectively analyzed in patients with recurrent assisted reproductive technology failure (euploid n =18; aneuploid n =19; and total = 219 NPBs). Archived time-lapse videos (images were recorded every 5 min; Geri+) from incubation after IVF were retrieved after the patients were identified for the study, and the NPB migration speed was analyzed. The retrospective analyses were performed with the patient’s identities masked.

Participants/materials, setting, methods

mPN and fPN were identified by appearance location in a zygote (fPN appearance is just below the polar bodies). The mPN, fPN, and 2–3 NPBs/PN central coordinates were measured by Kinovea (motion capture software). Their central coordinates were confirmed/revised every image and were decided. The migration distance of NPBs between two sequential images was calculated as the standard of the central PN coordinates. Thereafter, the migration speed of NPBs was calculated.

Main results and the role of chance

Both NPB speeds were significantly faster in the euploid than in the aneuploid groups (mPN: 4.08±0.61 vs. 3.54±0.54 µm/h, P =0.003, power [1-β]: 0.999, fPN: 4.03±0.89 vs. 3.26±0.45 µm/h, P <0.003, 1-β: 0.987). The NPB speed in mPN was correlated with that in fPN (rs =0.523, P =0.001). The ploidy status was related to the NPB speeds in mPN and fPN (P <0.05) in univariate logistic analysis including male/female ages, ICM/TE grades, and 29 morphokinetic parameters. The factors associated with ploidy status were the NPB speed in mPN (odds ratio [OR], 10.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.90–54.90; P =0.007) and female age (OR, 0.8; 95%CI, 0.64–0.98; P =0.03) in multivariate logistic analysis. The cutoff value for the NPB speeds in mPN and fPN were 3.65 μm/h (specificity, 73.7%; sensitivity, 77.8%; AUC, 0.78; 95%CI, 0.62–0.93) and 3.77 μm/h (specificity, 89.5%; sensitivity, 66.7%; AUC, 0.78; 95%CI, 0.62–0.94). When the zygotes were categorized by their cutoff values, the euploid rate in zygotes with NPB speeds greater than the cutoff value was significantly higher than that in zygotes with the speeds less than the cutoff value (mPN = 73.7% vs. 22.2% [P =0.003]; fPN = 85.7% vs. 26.1% [P <0.001]).

Limitations, reasons for caution

The NPB migration in the z-axis direction could not be analyzed. NPB tracking could not be performed when NPBs were large in number or drastically moved. Our findings should help in elucidating the relationship, although they did not completely explain the relationship between NPB migration and embryo development.

Wider implications of the findings

The migration speed of NPBs impacts human embryo ploidy status. NPB migration speed may add clinical value for embryo selection, which may be associated with live birth, and consequently, the time of the live birth could be shorter. The indicator could be an attractive marker for noninvasive embryo selection.

Trial registration number

Not applicable

Remarkable Improvement of Cardiac Function After Pre-emptive Kidney Transplant in a Patient With Severe Mitral Regurgitation Accompanied by Low Cardiac Function: A Case Report

Patients with end-stage renal disease are at a high risk for cardiovascular diseases. It is controversial whether end-stage renal disease patients with low cardiac function can safely accept kidney transplant. Here, we present a 42-year-old kidney transplant recipient with severe mitral regurgitation accompanied by low cardiac function. He wanted to undergo a pre-emptive kidney transplant from his uncle. We decided to perform living kidney transplant prior to cardiac surgery. Despite adequate ultrafiltration and hemodiafiltration before operation, the patient's ejection fraction still remained 35% 1 day before transplant. He showed complete recovery of cardiac function in only 2 days after pre-emptive kidney transplant, although his body weight did not change before and after the operation. Early removal of the uremic toxin or inflammatory cytokines may play a role in rapid improvement of the cardiac function. Increase of vasoactive substances by improvement of kidney function may lead to reduction of afterload and amelioration of cardiac microcirculation. This report also suggests that optimal timing for operation might be important.

Validation of a new prognostic model to easily predict outcome in renal cell carcinoma: the GRANT score applied to the ASSURE trial population

Background

Prognostic scores have been developed to estimate the risk of recurrence and the probability of survival after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The use of these tools, despite being helpful to plan a customized schedule of follow-up, to the patient's tailored counselling and to select individuals who could potentially benefit from adjuvant treatment, currently is not routine, due to their relative complexity and to the lack of histological data (i.e. necrosis).

Patients and methods

We developed a simple score called GRade, Age, Nodes and Tumor (GRANT) based on four easily obtained parameters: Fuhrman grade, age, pathological nodal status and pathological tumor size. Patients with 0 or 1 factor are classified as favorable risk, whereas patients with two or more risk factors as unfavorable risk. The large population of RCC patients from the ASSURE adjuvant trial was used as independent dataset for this external validation, to investigate the prognostic value of the new score in terms of disease-free survival and overall survival and to evaluate its possible application as predictive tool. Statistical analyses were carried out by the Department of Biostatistics & Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (Boston, USA) for the ASSURE trial patients' population.

Results

The performance of the new model is similar to that of the already validated score systems, but its strength, compared with the others already available, is the ease and clarity of its calculation, with great speed of use during the clinical practice. Limitations are the use of the Fuhrman nuclear grade, not valid for rare histologies, and the TNM classification modifications over time.

Conclusion

The GRANT score demonstrated its potential usefulness for clinical practice.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier for the ASSURE trial

NCT00326898.

Transient azoospermia following rosuvastatin medication for hypercholesterolemia

The authors report a case of transient azoospermia following hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) inhibitor rosuvastatin medication for hypercholesterolemia. While a primary infertile couple with oligoasthenospermia was preparing for an in vitro fertilization program, the male partner had been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia in a medical check-up and prescribed four-week oral administration of rosuvastatin. No motile spermatozoa were found in the ejaculated semen and urine on the day of follicular aspiration. Azoospermia was confirmed by reexamination in weeks 3 and 7. Spermatozoa appeared in the ejaculated semen in two weeks of drug withdrawal. In week 16, the sperm count and motility increased to the level where intracytoplasmic sperm injection was available.

Diclofenac suppository pretreatment in prevention of vasovagal reflex-associated complications for infertile women undergoing local endometrial injury

PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION

To assess the effects of the diclofenac suppository pretreatment in prevention of vasovagal reflex-associated complications for infertile women undergoing local endometrial injury (LEI).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Eighty-six infertile outpatients with repeated implantation failure following transfer of morphologically good embryos and/or blastocysts underwent single curettage LEI to improve the pregnancy outcome in the subsequent embryo/blastocyst transfer cycle. Of them, 35 patients chose diclofenac suppository administration prior to LEI, whereas 51 patients did not. The occurrence of palpitations, bradycardia, hypotension, presyncope, and requirement of bed rest was compared between the two groups.

RESULTS

There were no significant differences in the demographics between the two groups. The prevalence of presyncope and requirement of bed rest was significantly lower in the diclofenac suppository group than in the control group. The pregnancy outcome was similar between the two groups.

CONCLUSION

The diclofenac suppository administration is a low-cost effective method to reduce the risk of the vasovagal reflex-associated complications in infertile women undergoing LEI.

Do combined psychological stress examinations predict pregnancy outcome in an assisted reproductive technology program?

PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION

To investigate prospectively if the pregnancy outcome in infertile women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) is predictable by a combination of psychological stress examinations on the day of embryo/blastocyst transfer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

From April 2012 to May 2012, 114 women aged 42 years old or less underwent transfer of morphologically-good embryo/blastocyst(s) in the present in vitro fertilization (IVF) center. Immediately before the transfer, salivary secretion was obtained and frozen. α-amylase and cortisol concentrations were quantified using biochemical assays. In addition, patients were asked to answer General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ28) and Zung's Self Rating Depression Scale (SDS) following transfer. The results were compared between the pregnant group and non-pregnant group.

RESULTS

There were no significant differences in the age of the infertile couples between the pregnant group and non-pregnant group as well as body mass index of the infertile women. The GHQ28 and SDS scores were similar between the two groups, as were the salivary α-amylase and cortisol concentrations.

CONCLUSION

This prospective study failed to demonstrate the predictivity of the pregnancy outcome by psychological stress examinations in infertile women in an ART program, even though these tests were used in combination.

A pilot survey on obstetric complications in pregnant women with a history of repeated embryo implantation failure and those undergoing single local endometrial injury

PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION

To assess if a history of repeated implantation failure (RIF) or local endometrial injury (LEI) for RIF affects the pregnancy course in women who conceived in the subsequent in vitro fertilization (IVF)-embryo/blastocyst transfer (ET/BT) cycle.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Of 42 pregnant women with a history of three consecutive failed ET/BT cycles with negative pregnancy tests, 11 patients had a clinical pregnancy in the immediate subsequent ET/BT cycle following (the RIF group), whereas 31 patients had a clinical pregnancy in the subsequent ET/BT cycle following single curettage LEI in the proliferative phase of the preceding spontaneous cycle (the RIF/LEI group). Information on the obstetric complications were retrieved from medical records and compared with that of women who had a live birth in the first ET/BT attempt (the control group). Results: The clinical pregnancy rate, ongoing pregnancy rate, and live birth rate were significantly higher in the RIF/LEI group than in the RIF group (p < 0.010). There were no significant differences in the incidence of pregnancy of unknown location, ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm birth, premature rupture of the membranes, placenta previa, placental abruption, preeclampsia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, gestational diabetes, fetal growth restriction, caesarean section, and blood transfusion were similar between the three groups (p > 0.31).

CONCLUSION

In this pilot survey, neither a history of RIF nor LEI intervention for RIF increased the incidence of obstetric complications in the women who conceived in the subsequent ET/BT cycle.

Vaginal preparation with povidone iodine disinfection and saline douching as a safe and effective method in prevention of oocyte pickup-associated pelvic inflammation without spoiling the reproductive outcome: evidence from a large cohort study

PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION

The aim of this study was to investigate if vaginal preparation procedure affects the occurrence of oocyte pickup-associated pelvic inflammation (OPU-PI) and the reproductive outcome in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) program.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The occurrence of OPU-PI and the reproductive outcome were compared between 956 infertile patients undergoing vaginal preparation with saline douching alone versus 1,216 infertile patients undergoing a combination ofpovidone iodine disinfection and subsequent saline douching in an IVF program.

RESULTS

OPU-PI occurred in four patients (0.042%) in the saline douching alone group, whereas there were no cases in the combination group (p = 0.016). There were no significant differences in the rate of fertilization, morphologically good embryo acquisition, clinical and ongoing pregnancy between the two groups (p > 0.23).

CONCLUSIONS

This large cohort study demonstrated that a combination of vaginal povidone iodine disinfection and subsequent saline douching is more effective procedure than saline douching alone to prevent OPU-PI, without spoiling the oocyte quality.

Oral administration of an HSP90 inhibitor, 17-DMAG, intervenes tumor-cell infiltration into multiple organs and improves survival period for ATL model mice

In the peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) from the carriers of the human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) or the patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB)-mediated antiapoptotic signals are constitutively activated primarily by the HTLV-1-encoded oncoprotein Tax. Tax interacts with the I κB kinase regulatory subunit NEMO (NF-κB essential modulator) to activate NF-κB, and this interaction is maintained in part by a molecular chaperone, heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90), and its co-chaperone cell division cycle 37 (CDC37). The antibiotic geldanamycin (GA) inhibits HSP90's ATP binding for its proper interaction with client proteins. Administration of a novel water-soluble and less toxic GA derivative, 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin hydrochloride (17-DMAG), to Tax-expressing ATL-transformed cell lines, C8166 and MT4, induced significant degradation of Tax. 17-DMAG also facilitated growth arrest and cellular apoptosis to C8166 and MT4 and other ATL cell lines, although this treatment has no apparent effects on normal PBLs. 17-DMAG also downregulated Tax-mediated intracellular signals including the activation of NF-κB, activator protein 1 or HTLV-1 long terminal repeat in Tax-transfected HEK293 cells. Oral administration of 17-DMAG to ATL model mice xenografted with lymphomatous transgenic Lck-Tax (Lck proximal promoter-driven Tax transgene) cells or HTLV-1-producing tumor cells dramatically attenuated aggressive infiltration into multiple organs, inhibited de novo viral production and improved survival period. These observations identified 17-DMAG as a promising candidate for the prevention of ATL progression.

Single curettage endometrial biopsy injury in the proliferative phase improves reproductive outcome of subsequent in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer cycle in infertile patients with repeated embryo implantation failure

PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION

To evaluate the effectiveness of single curettage endometrial biopsy injury (EBI) in the proliferative phase for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) outcome of the subsequent cycle in infertile patients with repeated embryo implantation failure (EIF).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Of 89 patients who repeated EIF three times following transfer of morphologically good embryos and/or blastocysts, 40 patients chose curettage EBI prior to the subsequent IVF-ET cycle. Using a three-mm wide curette, EBI was performed once between days 6 and 12 of the spontaneous cycle. Their IVF-ET outcomes in the subsequent cycle were compared with those in 49 patients who did not opt for EBI.

RESULTS

The clinical pregnancy rate (37.5% vs 12.2%), embryo implantation rate (23.6% vs 6.3%), and ongoing pregnancy rate (25.0% vs 8.2%) were significantly higher in the EBI group than in the non-EBI group. No serious complaints and complications were noted.

CONCLUSION

Single curettage EBI in the proliferative phase of the preceding cycle significantly improved IVF-ET outcome in infertile patients with repeated EIF.

Optimization of microalgal production in a shallow outdoor flume

The marine diatom Cyclotella cryptica was grown over a period of 13 months in a 48-m(2) shallow outdoor flume. The use of foil arrays at intervals of 1.2 m to effect systematic vertical mixing in the flume was found to significantly enhance microalgal production (p = 0.006). Average photosynthetic efficiencies (based on visible irradiance) with and without the foil arrays in place were 9.6 +/- 0.8 and 7.5 +/- 0.5% (+/-95% confidence intervals), respectively. A cost-benefit analysis indicated that the foil arrays were cost-effective if the value of the algae exceeded about $2.28 kg(1) of ash-free dry weight (AFDW). Parallel experiments performed in four 9.2-m(2) flumes showed that production was maximized when the cells were grown on a 2-day batch cycle between harvests rather than on a 1- or 3-day batch cycle. The optimum initial concentration (immediately after harvesting) of the algae was negatively correlated with the time interval between harvests and ranged from approximately 39 g AFDW/m(3) on a 3-day cycle to 213 g AFDW/m(3) on a 1-day cycle. The increase in production resulting from growth on a 2-day rather than a 1-day batch cycle was about 19% and was statistically significant at p = 0.0003. Growth of C. cryptica over a total period of 122 days during the 13-month study in the 48-m(2) flume under near-optimal conditions (2-day batch cycle, initial concentration 155 g AFDW/m(3)) resulted in an average production rate (+/-95% confidence interval) of 29.7 +/- 2.7 g AFDW/m(2) d.

Spectrophotometric determination of manganese with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol and a non-ionic surfactant

A spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of manganese with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) is described. The method is based on the measurement of absorbance of the manganese-PAN chelate solubilized with a non-ionic surfactant, Triton X-100. No extraction procedure is required in the method proposed. High concentrations of calcium, aluminium and magnesium do not interfere. The presence of up to 10 ppm of lead can be tolerated. Iron, cadmium, zinc, cobalt and nickel can be effectively masked with potassium cyanide. Beer's law is obeyed up to 2 ppm of manganese. The molar absorptivity of the manganese-PAN chelate found was 4.4 x 10(4) l. mole (-1). cm(-1) at 562 nm. The overall stability constant of Mn(PAN)(2) in 0.4% Triton X-100 medium is 10(16.8).

Feasibility and efficiency of indirect lifestyle interventions in offspring of type 2 diabetic patients

INTRODUCTION

Individuals genetically predisposed to type 2 diabetes represent an important target for preventive strategies. Genetic screening, based on information about individual genetic variants, will be possible technically, but translational research in this field is still insufficient. Family history thus represents a useful tool for detecting genetically high-risk populations in this post-genomic era.

OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the feasibility and efficiency of indirect lifestyle interventions in offspring of type 2 diabetic patients.

METHODS

Offspring were recruited from 74 diabetic (Group 1) and 39 non-diabetic (Group 2, control group) patients. A lifestyle intervention was conducted by mail, a total of 3 times, every 3 months. Lifestyle related to diet and physical activity was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire.

RESULTS

Ten offspring of type 2 diabetic and 6 of non-diabetic patients participated in this study. Total energy intake decreased after 3 interventions in both of the groups (Group 1: 305 ± 228.8 kcal/day, p = 0.004; Group 2: 82 ± 65.6 kcal/day, p = 0.04); however, the effect of intervention was significantly greater in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (p = 0.021). Physical activity and other physical outcomes were stable in normal levels during the study period in both of the groups.

CONCLUSIONS

The intervention program helped to reduce total energy intake in offspring of type 2 diabetic patients more than in the control group, but the acceptance rate of the intervention program was disappointingly low. Further consideration is required to access and motivate offspring to develop precautionary lifestyle principles.