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Goyal G, Majumdar S, Biswas Bose U, Shrivastava MR, Mukherjee JJ, Banka SP, Kapoor S, Jude E. The effect of the different waves of COVID-19 pandemic on the outcome of diabetic foot ulcers. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2024:15347346241237284. [PMID: 38659365 DOI: 10.1177/15347346241237284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS COVID-19 pandemic has massively impacted human health. We studied the effect of COVID-19 on outcome of Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). OBJECTIVES AND METHODS We recruited 483 people with DFUs from June 2020 to April 2022 (pandemic) together with a matched group of 226 people with DFU from March 2019 to March 2020 (pre-pandemic). Primary endpoint was outcome of ulcers-healed or amputation (major/minor). It was sub-analysed into 3 waves of COVID-19. Secondary endpoint was healing of individual types of DFUs. Basic anthropometric data included site and type of ulcer (ischemic or neuropathic), duration, presence or absence of infection and Wagner's grading of DFUs was collected for all patients. Diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy was done by monofilament testing and peripheral arterial disease by handheld Doppler and ankle brachial index (ABI). Standardized treatment protocol was provided. All patients were monitored for 6 months. RESULTS In the pandemic group 323 (66.9%) patients in whom ulcers healed, 70 (14.5%) underwent minor amputation, 11 (2.2%) major amputation, 29 (6%) were lost to follow up, 22 (4.6%) were not healed. Rate of healing of DFU was higher (66.9% vs 53.5%) and rate of amputation was lower (16.7% vs 23.4%) in the pandemic group than in the pre-pandemic group (P = 0.001 and 0.037 respectively). Rate of healing in first, second and third wave was 65.4%, 75.2%, 58.3% respectively (P = 0.001). Neuropathic ulcers though less prevalent (49.8% vs 57.8%) in the first two waves than in the third wave, healing was better (79.3% vs 75.6%) in the first two waves than in the third wave (P = 0.085 and 0.488 respectively). Similarly, amputation rates in ischemic and neuro-ischemic ulcers were greater in the third wave than first two waves (46.7% vs 15.7%, P = 0.049). CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic, healing of neuropathic ulcers was better, especially in the first and second waves and travel restriction may have accounted for this. However, worsening of ischemic and neuro-ischemic ulcers was observed with more amputation in these two groups. Conversely, in the third wave withdrawal of lockdown led to worsening of DFUs resulting in less healing and more amputation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - S P Banka
- ILS Hospital, Saltlake, Kolkata, India
| | - S Kapoor
- ILS Hospital, Saltlake, Kolkata, India
| | - Edward Jude
- Tameside and Glossop Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust, Ashton under Lyne, UK
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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Jain YK, Bhardwaj P, Joshi NK, Singh PK, Lal P, Kapoor S, Gupta MK, Goel AD, Sharma PP, Singh S. India's environmental burden of tobacco use and its policy implications. Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia 2024; 20:100329. [PMID: 38149288 PMCID: PMC10750095 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar Jain
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
- School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pankaj Bhardwaj
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
- School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nitin Kumar Joshi
- School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Singh
- Division of Preventive Oncology and Population Health, ICMR - National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pranay Lal
- Department of Tobacco Control, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Southeast Asia, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Kapoor
- Department of Tobacco Control, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Southeast Asia, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
- School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Akhil Dhanesh Goel
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prem Prakash Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shalini Singh
- Division of Preventive Oncology and Population Health, ICMR - National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kapoor S, Dhankhar A, Bhatt G, Goel S, Singh RJ. Complementary and Alternative Medicine/Therapy for Tobacco Cessation in India: A Secondary Analysis of GATS-1 and 2. Indian J Community Med 2024; 49:144-151. [PMID: 38425957 PMCID: PMC10900453 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_188_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background India has nearly 267 million adult tobacco users, with a slowly improving quitting rate. Among the many approaches to quitting the habit, such as counseling, nicotine replacement therapy, nicotine patch or gum, and prescribed allopathic medicines. Complementary and alternative medicine/therapy (CAM), a thousand-year-old practice in India, may also prove to be a potential method in tobacco cessation; however, there is scarce literature on the extent of use of CAM among tobacco users who attempt to quit the habit. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the potential of CAM as a strategy for tobacco control in India. Material and Methods We undertook a secondary analysis of the data from both rounds of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS 2009 and 2016). The dependent variable included in the analysis was the use of traditional medicine as a method for quitting tobacco in three types of users-smokers, smokeless tobacco users, and dual users. The prevalence of CAM use was reported, and Chi-square test was applied to find the factors significantly associated with the use of CAM among tobacco users considering a P value of 0.05 to be statistically significant. Results The overall prevalence of traditional medicine use for GATS-1 was observed to be more among dual users (4%), while for GATS-2, it was highest among smokers (3%). For both rounds of the GATS survey, the use of traditional medicine was found to be higher among males, rural residents, users with no education or less than primary education, and the eastern region. Conclusions CAM has a promising potential for supporting tobacco cessation provided a concerted effort is undertaken to standardize pharmacopeia and establish robust clinical evidence. In addition, there is a need to create awareness, build the capacity of healthcare providers, and foster academic-industrial research in indigenous Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH) systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Kapoor
- Tobacco Control Department, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) South-East Asia, New Delhi, India
| | - Anushikha Dhankhar
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Garima Bhatt
- Tobacco Control Unit, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) South-East Asia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonu Goel
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland
- Faculty of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, United Kingdom
| | - Rana J. Singh
- Tobacco Control Department, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union) South-East Asia, New Delhi, India
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Zaarour RF, Ribeiro M, Azzarone B, Kapoor S, Chouaib S. Tumor microenvironment-induced tumor cell plasticity: relationship with hypoxic stress and impact on tumor resistance. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1222575. [PMID: 37886168 PMCID: PMC10598765 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1222575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of tumor interaction with stromal components during carcinogenesis is crucial for the design of efficient cancer treatment approaches. It is widely admitted that tumor hypoxic stress is associated with tumor aggressiveness and thus impacts susceptibility and resistance to different types of treatments. Notable biological processes that hypoxia functions in include its regulation of tumor heterogeneity and plasticity. While hypoxia has been reported as a major player in tumor survival and dissemination regulation, the significance of hypoxia inducible factors in cancer stem cell development remains poorly understood. Several reports indicate that the emergence of cancer stem cells in addition to their phenotype and function within a hypoxic tumor microenvironment impacts cancer progression. In this respect, evidence showed that cancer stem cells are key elements of intratumoral heterogeneity and more importantly are responsible for tumor relapse and escape to treatments. This paper briefly reviews our current knowledge of the interaction between tumor hypoxic stress and its role in stemness acquisition and maintenance. Our review extensively covers the influence of hypoxia on the formation and maintenance of cancer stem cells and discusses the potential of targeting hypoxia-induced alterations in the expression and function of the so far known stem cell markers in cancer therapy approaches. We believe that a better and integrated understanding of the effect of hypoxia on stemness during carcinogenesis might lead to new strategies for exploiting hypoxia-associated pathways and their targeting in the clinical setting in order to overcome resistance mechanisms. More importantly, at the present time, efforts are oriented towards the design of innovative therapeutical approaches that specifically target cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- RF. Zaarour
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - M. Ribeiro
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - B. Azzarone
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S. Kapoor
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - S. Chouaib
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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Jain YK, Bhardwaj P, Joshi NK, Singh PK, Lal P, Kapoor S, Gupta MK, Goel AD, Sharma PP, Singh S. Estimating the weight of consumed tobacco product waste in various Indian states: a novel method to assess the potential burden of tobacco product waste. Tob Control 2023:tc-2023-058118. [PMID: 37734958 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2023-058118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The direct morbidity and mortality caused by tobacco are well documented, but such products also contribute to a range of environmental pollutants resulting from tobacco product waste. No previous studies have yet quantified tobacco product waste in a low-income and middle-income country (LMIC). This study estimates the potential annual waste generated due to consumption of smoked and smokeless tobacco products in India and its states. METHODOLOGY We systematically collected samples of smoked and smokeless tobacco products from 33 districts of 17 Indian states/union territories. Stratified weights of plastic, paper, foil and filter packaging components, and gross empty package weights were recorded. Prevalence of smoking and smokeless tobacco use at national and state-level estimates was derived from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (2016-2017) to quantify waste potentially generated by tobacco products. RESULTS We included 222 brands of tobacco products (70 cigarette, 94 bidi and 58 smokeless tobacco brands) in the final analysis. A total of 170 331 (±29 332) tonnes of waste was estimated to be generated annually, out of which 43.2% was plastic, 3.6% was foil and 0.8% was filter. Two-thirds of the overall waste was contributed by smokeless products alone. Maximum waste was generated in Uttar Pradesh (20.9%; 35 723.7±6151.6 tonnes), Maharashtra (8.9%; 15 116.84±2603.12 tonnes) and West Bengal (8.6%; 14 636.32±2520.37 tonnes). CONCLUSION This study provides first of its kind national-level evidence on the types (plastic, paper, foil and filter) and quantity of waste potentially generated by use of tobacco products in India. Similar studies from other LMICs can serve to raise consciousness about many negative environmental impacts of tobacco products and need for policies to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar Jain
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
- School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pankaj Bhardwaj
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
- School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nitin Kumar Joshi
- School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Singh
- Division of Preventive Oncology and Population Health, WHO FCTC Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, ICMR - National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pranay Lal
- Tobacco Control Department, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Kapoor
- Tobacco Control Department, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
- School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Akhil Dhanesh Goel
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prem Prakash Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shalini Singh
- WHO FCTC Knowledge Hub on Smokeless Tobacco, ICMR - National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kapoor S, Freitag S, Bradshaw J, Valencia GT, Lamis DA. The collective impact of childhood abuse, psychache, and interpersonal needs on suicidal ideation among individuals with bipolar disorder: A discriminant analysis. Child Abuse Negl 2023; 141:106202. [PMID: 37116450 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is one of the ten leading causes of death in the United States. Childhood abuse, psychache (intense emotional pain), and interpersonal needs are widely known to be associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors. However, only a limited number of studies investigate whether these variables, when analyzed collectively, are able to distinguish between a group of individuals who report suicidal ideation and those who deny such thoughts. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data were collected from individuals (N =177) with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder participating in an intensive outpatient program that provides mental health care to indigent, mostly minority patients in Southeast United States. METHODS The dependent variable was item number 9 on the Beck Depression Inventory that asks about any suicidal thoughts in the past two weeks. We utilized discriminant analysis to test whether childhood abuse, interpersonal needs, and psychache were collectively able to accurately identify group membership of the study participants. RESULTS The discriminant model included six independent variables: three different types of childhood abuse (emotional, physical, and sexual), interpersonal needs (perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness), and psychache. Results revealed that the model was able to correctly classify group membership in 75% of the individuals in the study. CONCLUSION In context of bipolar disorder, history of childhood abuse (particularly sexual and emotional abuse), intense psychache, and greater perceived thwarted belongingness and burdensomeness put an individual at a higher risk of suicidal ideation. Gaining insight into the interactions among these variables may lead to formulating early interventions to prevent suicide in patients reporting this constellation of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kapoor
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States of America
| | - S Freitag
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - J Bradshaw
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - G T Valencia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - D A Lamis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
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Kapoor S, Mohanty VR, Balappanavar AY, Kapoor S, Rijhwani K, Chahar P, Malhotra S. Feasibility of the novel 'Tobacco-Free Hospital' model and its compliance assessment at a tertiary care hospital of New Delhi, India. J Educ Health Promot 2022; 11:382. [PMID: 36618480 PMCID: PMC9818701 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_144_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco is one of the biggest threats to the public health. Tobacco harms not only human health but also the environment. The Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) was implemented in India in 2003. Compliance of these laws in public places is mandatory. This study presents an innovative model to make hospitals tobacco-free. The aim is to assess the effectiveness of implementation of tobacco-free hospitals among security guards, tobacco users, and key observers visiting a tertiary care dental hospital through a comprehensive strategy. MATERIALS AND METHODS An exploratory study was conducted in three phases. Structured training was organized for all security guards (n = 25) along with pre- and post-assessment using a validated questionnaire. All the patients and attendants entering the hospital were screened for tobacco products by security guards. Those patients who were carrying tobacco products to the hospital (n = 107) were interviewed using a validated questionnaire. Opinions of key observers (n = 223) who witnessed the event were also recorded. Descriptive statistics (means, frequency distribution) and inferential statistics (Chi-square test) were calculated. RESULTS At the baseline, only 20% security guards were aware about tobacco legislations, whereas after 1 month, more than 80% security guards were aware about the laws. Around two-third of study participants of both the groups were aware of COTPA Section 4. Approximately 33.6% of tobacco users and 58.4% of key observers were aware of COTPA Section 6b. Forty tobacco users in the study availed tobacco cessation services of the hospital. CONCLUSION Every staff should be a torch bearer of tobacco control. The study highlights a comprehensive approach of integrating hospital staff and linking vital cessation services by implementing Sections of COTPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Kapoor
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Maulana Azad Medical College Campus, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikrant R. Mohanty
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Maulana Azad Medical College Campus, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Aswini Y. Balappanavar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Maulana Azad Medical College Campus, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Kapoor
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India
| | - Kavita Rijhwani
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Maulana Azad Medical College Campus, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Puneet Chahar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Maulana Azad Medical College Campus, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Sneha Malhotra
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Maulana Azad Medical College Campus, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, India
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Klein M, Watson D, Castro M, Kapoor S, Nair P, Rajagopalan S, Macpherson M, Christie J, Alam A, Qin H, Glaser M, Lala D, Prasad S, G P, Ullal Y, Sahu D, Kulkarni S, Narvekar Y, Ghosh A, Choudhury S, Birajdar S, Roy K, Singh D, Kumar C, Joseph V, Mundkur N, Patel S, Ganti A. EP16.03-024 Cellworks Singula™ Therapy Response Index (TRI) Identifies Superior OS Outcomes for NSCLC Patients: myCare-203A. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kapoor S, Fernandes S, Punia S. ‘Natural’ Label Halo Effect on Consumer Buying Behavior, Purchase Intention and Willingness to Pay for Skincare Products. CM 2022. [DOI: 10.18137/cardiometry.2022.23.741755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy skin will never go out of style, and the advancements and improvements in the cosmetics industry guarantee to provide improved products with a healthy and personal touch. However, for consumers, it is difficult to assess the quality and effectiveness of a product. Extrinsic cues like the “Natural” or “Organic” labels are used to help the consumer distinguish between alternatives. This paper analyses how the organic label biases the consumers’ buying behavior, perceived value, and finally, the consumer’s purchase decision and the price he willingly pays for the product (willingness to pay). This phenomenon is known as the natural label halo effect. It further means to reveal the connections between the effect of the ‘Natural’ label on the factors affecting buying behavior and it’s out-turn as emulated in the consumer’s perceived value. It intends to identify if those outcomes at last lead to positive buying decisions and greater willingness to pay. A quantitative study in an experimental online shopping scenario was conducted to understand the relations. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was done to test the hypothesized statements. The results show that the halo effect of the ‘Natural’ label positively influences the factors affecting consumer buying behavior and eventually improves the probability of the product being bought by the consumer and also the price the consumer is willing to pay for it through inferential beliefs on quality attributes and functional value evoked by the label. The study also reveals that natural skincare products are perceived to be more compliant with a consumer’s beliefs/attitudes relating to environmental protection and animal protection, which positively influences the propensity of a consumer towards buying the product and paying a high price for it by increasing the perceived functional and hedonic values associated with the natural cosmetic product.
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Kapoor S, Kala D, Svoboda J, Daněk J, Faridová A, Brnoliaková Z, Mikulecká A, Folbergrová J, Otáhal J. The effect of sulforaphane on perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in rats. Physiol Res 2022; 71:401-411. [PMID: 35616041 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic insult (HII) is one of the main devastating causes of morbidity and mortality in newborns. HII induces brain injury which evolves to neurological sequelae later in life. Hypothermia is the only therapeutic approach available capable of diminishing brain impairment after HII. Finding a novel therapeutic method to reduce the severity of brain injury and its consequences is critical in neonatology. The present paper aimed to evaluate the effect of sulforaphane (SFN) pre-treatment on glucose metabolism, neurodegeneration, and functional outcome at the acute, sub-acute, and sub-chronic time intervals in the experimental model of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic insult in rats. To estimate the effect of SFN on brain glucose uptake we have performed 18F-deoxyglucose (FDG) microCT/PET. The activity of FDG was determined in the hippocampus and sensorimotor cortex. Neurodegeneration was assessed by histological analysis of Nissl-stained brain sections. To investigate functional outcomes a battery of behavioral tests was employed. We have shown that although SFN possesses a protective effect on glucose uptake in the ischemic hippocampus 24 h and 1 week after HII, no effect has been observed in the motor cortex. We have further shown that the ischemic hippocampal formation tends to be thinner in HIE and SFN treatment tends to reverse this pattern. We have observed subtle chronic movement deficit after HII detected by ladder rung walking test with no protective effect of SFN. SFN should be thus considered as a potent neuroprotective drug with the capability to interfere with pathophysiological processes triggered by perinatal hypoxic-ischemic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kapoor
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Laboratory of Developmental Epileptology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic.
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Grewal J, Mughal M, Nnaoma C, Montgomery M, Kapoor S. Axillary IABP Migration into SMA. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Malhotra S, Mohanty V, Balappanavar AY, Sharma N, Khanna A, Chahar P, Rijhwani K, Gupta V, Kapoor S. Effectiveness of two tobacco cessation methods among TB patients. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2022; 26:12-17. [PMID: 34969423 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tobacco and TB are the world´s two greatest public health problems. Exposure to tobacco has been shown to be associated with higher risk of acquiring TB and adverse outcomes such as relapse and TB mortality.OBJECTIVE: To assess and compare self-reported tobacco quit status and biochemically verified cotinine levels among TB patients at different time intervals among two study groups.METHODS: A cluster, randomised controlled trial was conducted on TB patients attending DOTS centres in Delhi, India, who reported using tobacco in any form. Participants were assigned into one of two treatment groups. Centres were randomly assigned to two intervention groups: 1) integrated intervention using behavioural counselling with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) gum, and 2) intervention using behavioural counselling alone (50 each in intervention and control group). The subjects were followed at Week 1, Month 1, Month 3 and Month 6 for tobacco cessation.RESULTS: At the end of 6 months, patients who received the integrated intervention had significantly higher rate of success in quitting tobacco than those who received the conventional TB treatment alone (78.7% vs. 57.8%; P < 0.03).CONCLUSION: DOTS with tobacco use dependence treatment was successful in our study in helping TB patients to quit tobacco dependence and should therefore be offered to every tobacco user.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Malhotra
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - V Mohanty
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A Y Balappanavar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - N Sharma
- Department of Community Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - A Khanna
- Chest Clinic (TB), Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - P Chahar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - K Rijhwani
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - V Gupta
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Kapoor
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Kapoor S, Aghi M, Ray C. The challenge of motivating bidi smokers to quit by approaching them even when they say they are not ready to quit. Indian J Community Med 2022; 47:296-298. [PMID: 36034255 PMCID: PMC9400339 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_959_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Kapoor S, Mehra R, Yadav A, Lal P, Singh RJ. Banning Loose Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products in India: A Policy Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:51-57. [PMID: 34780138 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.s2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sale of single cigarettes (also known as singles or loosies) is a key driver for early initiation of smoking and is a leading contributor to the smoking epidemic in India. Sale of singles additionally deter implementation of tobacco control strategies of pictorial health warnings including plain packaging and defeat effective taxation and promote illicit trade. We review India's tobacco control policy responses towards banning singles and other products sold as loose tobacco and identify opportunities for future policy intervention especially in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Existing national and sub-national policy documents were analyzed for their content since the inception of the tobacco control laws in the country. RESULTS There are no effective provisions at national level to ban loose tobacco products in India. However, the implementation of multiple legislative and regulatory measures (Acts/circulars/letters/notifications/orders/court judgements) in 16 Indian states and jurisdictions provide sufficient legal framework to substantiate its complete ban pan India. While the majority of state governments have adopted state level measures, Rajasthan had issued specific directive to all the 33 districts banning loose cigarettes and other tobacco products. Himachal Pradesh introduced the most unique and comprehensive legislation, for banning the sale of cigarettes and beedis (Dated November 7, 2016). The most recent notification in the state of Maharashtra (September 24, 2020) is the first to leverage powers using a mix of national and state legislations including the legislation addressing the rapidly emerging challenge of managing COVID-19. CONCLUSION A robust national policy which supports strong provision to deter tobacco companies, their distribution network and vendors from selling singles or loose tobacco products is urgently needed. Such policy should be backed by cautionary messaging for consumers as well. Eliminating singles and loose tobacco sale will help in blunting tobacco use prevalence besides curbing spread of infectious diseases like COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Kapoor
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Amit Yadav
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India
| | - Pranay Lal
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India
| | - Rana J Singh
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India
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Castro M, Ganti A, Grover H, Kumar A, Mohapatra S, Basu K, Sahu D, Tyagi A, Nair P, Prasad S, Kumari P, Mundkur N, Patel S, Sauban M, Behura L, Kulkarni S, Patil M, Narvekar Y, Ghosh A, Ullal Y, Amara A, Kapoor S, Velcheti V. P12.06 Computational Omics Biology Model (CBM) Identifies PD-L1 Immunotherapy Response Criteria Based on Genomic Signature of NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kapoor S, Mohanty V, Yb A, Kapoor S. Patient perception and compliance to tobacco free hospital: An exploratory innovative approach. Tob Induc Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.18332/tid/141012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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17
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Kapoor S, Lal P, Yadav A. Indirect tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorships in the Indian Premier League 2020: Tobacco Industry's continuous presence in Indian cricket. Indian J Tuberc 2021; 68S:S7-S13. [PMID: 34538395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indian Premier League (IPL) cricket tournament - a shorter version of the sport which is played between assorted company-owned or individual owner teams - has grown immensely popular over the last decade. There is long history of tobacco advertisement, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) in cricket. While direct and indirect TAPS is completely prohibited under the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), 2003 the nexus between tobacco industry and cricket in India continues. We monitored any tobacco product and allied brand or surrogate advertisement, promotion, sponsorship (TAPS) or placement during every match played in the IPL-13 season in the year 2020. METHODS Using an investigative approach, 60 match highlights during IPL-13 (during September 19 to November 10, 2020) were monitored for TAPS (both on-site i.e. sportswear and/or in stadia) shown on the official website (www.iplt20.com). All sponsors and advertisers were validated using brand names or logos from their respective official website. RESULTS Two IPL teams (Rajasthan Royals and Royal Challengers Bangalore) were sponsored by major tobacco industry owned brands. Violations by a major smokeless tobacco company promoting their brand extension product i.e. Vimal Elaichi, on the official telecast websites (www.espncricinfo.com and www.cricbuzz.com) and television channels (www.Zeenews.india.com/Gujarati) was observed. Tobacco companies i.e. Kamla Pasand and ITC Limited were also listed as associate sponsors for the 2020 championship. CONCLUSION Despite comprehensive ban under India's tobacco control law (COTPA, 2003), sponsorship by tobacco industry was found widespread in IPL-13. Advertisement and logos of tobacco companies are persistent during the telecast and promotion of the IPL events, in clear violation of India's tobacco control legislation and Article 13 of WHO's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO-FCTC) and its guidelines. Given that India and South Asia comprise the largest audience for televised cricket, strong exclusion criteria is needed by the international cricket authority and national cricket associations to ensure compliance with the national law and global good practice, making the cricketing world truly tobacco free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Kapoor
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Office, C-6, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Pranay Lal
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Office, C-6, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Amit Yadav
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Office, C-6, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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Lal P, Kapoor S, Dhankhar A, Yadav A. Raising the legal age for purchase and use of tobacco to 21 years: A step towards tobacco endgame in India. Indian J Tuberc 2021; 68S:S65-S70. [PMID: 34538394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, policies to counter targeting of young people by the tobacco industry have proven to be effective and a key determinant of reducing the magnitude of tobacco epidemic. This paper presents a case for increasing the minimum legal age to access tobacco to 21 years in India. METHOD We analysed the two rounds of nationally representative Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) data: GATS-1 (2009-10) and GATS-2 (2016-17). We segregated data for two categories of tobacco consumption (smokers and smokeless tobacco users) at the age of initiation (<18, 18-21 and >21 years) and analysed for their consumption patterns found during the time of the survey (current daily, current less than daily, former and ever users) from GATS-2 (2016-17). Further, we compared the projections from the sub-national level analysis for youth initiating tobacco use before 21 years and change in the prevalence of overall underage tobacco users between the two survey rounds. RESULT Nearly 77% of smokers and 75% smokeless tobacco users in India initiate tobacco use before or until the age of 21 years. Many large, most populous and high tobacco prevalence states had higher than national mean (14.1%) of youth initiating into tobacco use before 21 years. Overall, as compared to GATS-1, there is a perceptible increase in the prevalence of underage tobacco use in most states. CONCLUSION Global best practices and the significant number of young tobacco users in India call for increasing the age of access to tobacco from the current 18 years to 21 years. This will help in reducing the overall adult tobacco use prevalence in the longer run in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Lal
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Office, C-6, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Shivam Kapoor
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Office, C-6, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Anushikha Dhankhar
- Employees' State Insurance Corporation Model Hospital cum ODC, MIDC Central Road, Andheri East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400093, India
| | - Amit Yadav
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Office, C-6, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi, 110016, India
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Kapoor S, Valand A, Dartnell J. 741 Manipulation and Reduction of Paediatric Forearm Fractures in The Emergency Department Using Intranasal Diamorphine and Entonox. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Paediatric forearm fractures are commonly encountered in Trauma and Orthopaedics. Currently most forearm fractures are manipulated in theatre the following day, increasing resource burden and delays in management. The aim of this project was to introduce guidelines to reduce fractures in the Emergency Department (ED) using intranasal Diamorphine and Entonox.
Method
197 cases were identified over a 6-month period in 2018 and 2019. 74 distal radial fractures and 123 mid shaft forearm fractures were analysed. Fractures with an intact periosteal hinge or a Salter Harris type 2 were reduced in ED. The pre manipulation and post manipulation radiographs were compared with particular attention to the post reduction angles.
Results
67% of fractures were reduced in the correct setting. A number of fractures reduced in ED required re-manipulation or internal fixation. Overall, there was a 56% reduction in patients undergoing general anaesthetic. There was a reduction in the mean length of stay from 36 hours to 3.5 hours.
Conclusions
Intranasal Diamorphine and Entonox offer a safe method for managing paediatric forearm fractures in ED. Implementation of this method facilitates early access to treatment and early patient discharge. Manipulation in ED offers significant financial savings and reduces demands on the Trauma Theatres.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kapoor
- Tunbridge Wells Hospital, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - A Valand
- Tunbridge Wells Hospital, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - J Dartnell
- Tunbridge Wells Hospital, Kent, United Kingdom
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Kapoor S, Choudhry B, Ahmed M. 870 Early Weight Bearing In > 60 Years - Is It All A Dream? Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Early weight bearing (EWB) is increasingly considered acceptable in surgically managed fractures. However, there are two different outlooks for rehabilitation. EWB in a biologically weak bone may lead to implant failure compared to EWB being beneficial for quicker recovery. We aim to review outcomes for EWB in surgically managed fragility fractures.
Method: This was a retrospective analysis; data was collected from departmental records of operative fixation of lower limb injuries in patients above 60 years. We excluded patients who had procedures for proximal femoral fractures and polytrauma. We compared SF-12 scores, complications, and reoperation rates in those that were EWB to those that were at the conventional 6-week mark.
Results: During a 6-month period from November 2019 to April 2020 we performed 60 operations. N = 30 surgeries were performed in EWB group versus 30 surgeries in late weight bearing group (LWB). The average physical and mental SF-12 score in EWB group was 44.82 and 56.36 compared to a SF-12 score of 44.51and 52.18 in LWB.
Conclusions
We found that the SF-12 scores were different despite EWB. There was no evidence of early complications in the EWB group. Therefore, we advocate EWB for group >60 who were known to have osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kapoor
- Royal Tunbridge Wells Hospital, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - B Choudhry
- Tunbridge Wells Hospital, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - M Ahmed
- Tunbridge Wells Hospital, Kent, United Kingdom
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Kapoor S, Maldow D, Sharma A. Abstract No. 192 Rethinking time-to-exchange: outcomes of nephrostomy tube placement in pregnancy. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2021.03.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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22
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Malhotra S, Mohanty V, Balappanavar AY, Gupta V, Kapoor S, Kapoor S. Stakeholder perspectives on the integration of oral health into national health schemes: A mixed-method study research design in Delhi, India. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:1649-1655. [PMID: 34123907 PMCID: PMC8144796 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1685_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim and Objectives: To assess the factors and perception of various stakeholders on the integration of oral health into the national health schemes using a mixed-method research design. Materials and Method: A mixed-method study was carried out in 2018 in two phases. In the first phase of the study, a pretested and prevalidated self-designed close-ended questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitude, perception, barriers, myths, and feasibility of the integration of oral health in national health schemes. This questionnaire was administered to 96 stakeholders consisting of a medical officer (MO), accredited social health activists (ASHA), auxiliary nurse midwifery (ANM), and dental surgeon in nine Delhi Government dispensaries. The questionnaire consisted of 42 close-ended questions and four open-ended questions. The domains and themes were identified along with the challenges and opportunities of integration for focus group discussion (FGD) after analyzing the results of the first phase. The FGD consisted of seven members representing each of the above stakeholders along with one moderator and one recorder. Results: 88.3% of the ASHA workers and 85.7% of the ANM accepted that oral screening should be incorporated in their routine practice. The major barrier to the incorporation of oral health in general health was the lack of training and insufficient provision of monetary incentives. Job burnout, work situation, inadequate pay, opportunities, workload, and limited carrier development were the demotivators, whereas respect, goodwill, and recognition from the general public were the inducers. Conclusion: There was a strong agreement for National Oral Health schemes to be given space and priority in India. The majority agreed that they can be used as a medium for imparting oral health education. The majority of the stakeholders believed that oral health should be a part of general health and they are open to any scheme or program which would add an oral health component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Malhotra
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikrant Mohanty
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aswini Y Balappanavar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaibhav Gupta
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Kapoor
- Technical Advisor-Monitoring and Evaluation, Tobacco Control Unit, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (The Union), South-East Asia office, New Delhi, India
| | - Surbhi Kapoor
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Kapoor S, Kumar S, Sharma R, Pandey A, Singh R. Compliance assessment with tobacco control regulations at wheelchair-based tobacco Point of sale in Delhi, India. Int J Non-Commun Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jncd.jncd_76_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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24
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Amalia B, Kapoor S, Sharma R, Singh RJ. E-cigarette retailer storefront availability following a nationwide prohibition of e-cigarettes in India: A multicentric compliance assessment. Tob Prev Cessat 2020; 6:42. [PMID: 33083675 PMCID: PMC7549508 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/123822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to assess the availability of retailer storefronts that continued to sell electronic nicotine/non-nicotine delivery systems (ENDS/ENNDS) in India, and characterise such retailers following the promulgation of 2019 Indian Ordinance and Act (Ordinance/Act) that prohibit ENDS/ENNDS nationwide. METHODS Discreet observations were conducted of retailer storefronts across different socioeconomic zones in nine major cities of India (Bengaluru, Chandigarh, Dehradun, Delhi, Indore, Kolkata, Ludhiana, Raipur, and Ranchi) from 28 November 2019 to 22 January 2020 to identify the availability of ENDS/ENNDS (i.e. electronic cigarettes, e-cigarette liquid, e-cigarette accessories, heated tobacco products (HTPs), and HTPs accessories). We report the number and proportion (%) of retailers that sold ENDS/ENNDS. Other characteristics of the retailers are also described, including indirect evaluation of the retailer's awareness of the Ordinance/Act. RESULTS Of the 199 retailer storefronts visited, 37 (18.6%) sold ENDS/ENNDS and, therefore, did not comply with the Ordinance/Act. The highest availability of non-compliant retailers was in Kolkata (n=26; 83.9%). The majority of the non-compliant retailers were tobacco retailers (n=35; 94.6%), sold e-cigarettes (n=22; 59.5%), and e-cigarette accessories (n=24; 64.9%). Although many of the non-compliant retailers displayed their ENDS/ENNDS products (n=33; 89.2%) and did not feature health warnings related to ENDS/ENNDS (n=32; 86.5%) in the stores, nearly 90% (n=33) were aware of the Ordinance/Act. CONCLUSIONS Despite a nationwide ban, ENDS/ENNDS are still available in major cities in India, and concentrated in a particular city. Indian authorities should focus on law enforcement to ensure that the prohibition is effectively implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beladenta Amalia
- Tobacco Control Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Tobacco Control Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shivam Kapoor
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Sharma
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India
| | - Rana J Singh
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India
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Amalia B, Kapoor S, Sharma R, Fu M, Fernández E, Rana JS. Online sales compliance with the electronic cigarettes ban in India: a content analysis. Int J Public Health 2020; 65:1497-1505. [DOI: 10.1007/s00038-020-01480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Shekher-Kapoor M, Harrison L, Ciccione N, Philipose J, DeMasi L, O'Neill K, Rocker J, D'Angelo J, Morgenstern J, Kapoor S. 20 Screening for Substance Use in the Pediatric Emergency Department: Lowering Thresholds to Enhance Reach. Ann Emerg Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Harrison L, DeMasi L, Butkus S, O'Neill K, Kwon N, D'Angelo J, Morgenstern J, Kapoor S. 163 Implementation of a Telephonic-Based Model to Continue to Address Substance Use as Part of Usual Care in Emergency Departments during COVID-19. Ann Emerg Med 2020. [PMCID: PMC7598532 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.09.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Vpk V, Mohanty VR, Balappanavar AY, Juneja M, Gupta V, Kapoor S. Effectiveness of different parenting interventions on oral hygiene of cerebral palsy children: A randomized controlled trial. Spec Care Dentist 2020; 40:335-343. [PMID: 32488889 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the effectiveness of different parenting interventions for improving oral hygiene of cerebral palsy (CP) children aged 4-12 years. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS A randomized controlled trial was done among 60 CP children and parents visiting a tertiary care center in New Delhi. The study population was randomly assigned to experimental or control group (30 in each group). Parents/caregivers in the experimental group (Group 1) received video-based dental health education (DHE) and the control group (Group 2) received conventional DHE. Each group also received two telephonic reinforcements at fourth and eighth week after the first intervention at baseline. The groups were assessed for sociodemographic, familial factors, medical history, oral hygiene practices, and oral hygiene status. At 3-month follow-up, the mean reduction in simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI) scores was 0.27, 0.17, and 0.09, respectively, in Group 1 (P-value < .05). The mean reductions seen in Group 2 were 0.03 in OHI-S, 0.14 in PI, and 0.04 in GI index (P-value < .05, except for GI score: P-value = .6). CONCLUSION Video-based DHE is effective and brings about significant improvement in oral hygiene status and oral health among CP children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedha Vpk
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikrant R Mohanty
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aswini Y Balappanavar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Monica Juneja
- Department of Pediatrics, Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaibhav Gupta
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Kapoor
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Mehra R, Mohanty V, Aswini YB, Kapoor S, Gupta V. Prevalence, patterns and sociocultural factors associated with use of tobacco-based dentifrices ( Gul) in India. Indian J Cancer 2020; 57:311-320. [PMID: 32675444 DOI: 10.4103/ijc.ijc_717_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND India poses a novel tobacco problem with majority of the tobacco users consuming smokeless form of tobacco (21.4%). Gul is one such Smokeless Tobacco (ST) product that is manufactured commercially as a dentifrice to be applied to the teeth and then to gums many times during the day, making it a cheap and easy tobacco source. Hence, the aim of the present study was to estimate the usage of Gul and its social determinants among adults in the capital city of India, Delhi. METHODS The cross-sectional study was conducted among 1300 adults across 27 Delhi government dispensaries across 3 districts of Delhi through multistage stratified random sampling. A structured, close-ended, validated questionnaire inquiring about the tobacco practices was used for all the participants and a specially constructed, structured, close-ended, validated proforma was used for Gul users to assess practice and pattern of use. RESULTS The overall prevalence of Gul users was found to be 4.9% with a mean usage duration of 6.28 ± 6.75 years. The usage was found to be more among males (67.7%) and unskilled workers (45.2%). 74.9% started using Gul to treat dental pain with 93.47% of them reporting pain relief. CONCLUSION Gul usage is an emerging menace in Delhi. Awareness programs and initiatives are the need of the hour to bring this tobacco product under the tobacco control policy radar and at the same time educate people about the actual contents and ill effects of Gul usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Mehra
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Maulana Azad Medical College Campus (Govt. of NCT Delhi), B.S. Zafar Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikrant Mohanty
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Maulana Azad Medical College Campus (Govt. of NCT Delhi), B.S. Zafar Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Y B Aswini
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Maulana Azad Medical College Campus (Govt. of NCT Delhi), B.S. Zafar Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Kapoor
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Maulana Azad Medical College Campus (Govt. of NCT Delhi), B.S. Zafar Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaibhav Gupta
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Maulana Azad Medical College Campus (Govt. of NCT Delhi), B.S. Zafar Marg, New Delhi, India
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Mehra R, Mohanty VR, Y B A, Mehra K, Kapoor S. Afghan Frontier: Understanding Tobacco Practices among Migrant Population in India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1931-1937. [PMID: 32711418 PMCID: PMC7573433 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.7.1931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aim: Methodology: Statistical analysis: Results: Conclusion:
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Thakran R, Baghel S, Khurshid L, Kapoor S, Garg S, Malaviya A. SAT0645-HPR MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTION ABOUT THE ILLNESS AND CONVENTIONAL SYNTHETIC DMARDS (CSDMARDS) IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC IMMUNO-INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASES (SIRDS): A STUDY BY RHEUMATOLOGY NURSE COUNSELOR. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:Myths and misconceptions about illness and conventional disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs directly influence adherence to the prescribed treatment. It is estimated that 30–50% of patients do not adhere to their prescribed treatment due to various reasons where the beliefs of the patients play a crucial role. At our centre we the specialist rheumatology nurse counsel the patients at every visit and try to remove their myths and negative beliefs about the disease as well as the medications.Objectives:•To explore the common myths and misconceptions of regarding their disease and regarding the csDMARDs.•To assess the efficacy of counseling in allaying their unfounded fear.Methods:A total of 450 patients with SIRDs at least 3 times attended the rheumatology out-patient clinic on csDMARDs were enrolled to complete a questionnaire that, besides demographic information, socio-economic status, and co- morbidities, had the following questions:1.Self reported adherence to medication2.Misbelieves regarding food items3.What kind of health-provider was consulted at the onset of the symptoms4.Their belief/knowledge regarding:A. The need for physiotherapy.B. Life style modification requirementC. About osteoarthritisD. Medication requirement during remissionE. Pregnancy and DMARDsF. The need of vaccinationG. Health hazards of smoking and alcohol useH. Harms of discontinuing treatment when they felt wellResults:A total of 450 patients included spondyloarthropathy 150(34%), rheumatoid arthritis 200(45.7%), psoriatic arthritis 45(10%), and others 25(5.5%).The following observations was made:1.Self-reported adherence to medication was in 250 (55%) patients; 200(45%) patient were non-adherent to treatment2.382/450 (85%) patients had misbelieves regarding different food items.3.225/450(50)% of the patients were not doing regular physiotherapy they were totally dependent on medications for symptoms relief.4.387/450 (86%) patients confused the symptoms of osteoarthritis with that of RA.5.315/450 (70 %) patients did not feel the requirement of continuing drugs during remission.6.135/450 (30%) patients believed that while on DMARDs they cannot contemplate pregnancy.7.351/450(78%) patients accept the need for vaccination when staring DMARDs8.360/450 (80%) patients aware about side effect of smoking in disease but only 40 % were able to quit.9.273/450 (60%) patients felt that more expensive medicines e.g.bDMARDs have more effects.10.360/450 (80%) patients believed that DMARDs were ‘steroids’ and they increased weight. On analysis one patient have more than two myths simultaneously.Conclusion:Increased awareness of the patient’s beliefs about medicines is needed among health care providers. We should encourage patients to express their views about medicines as well as disease in order to optimize and personalize the information process. This can stimulate concordance and adherence to medication and follow up.These myths are deeply rooted in our society, single sitting counseling is not enough, and reinforcement is needed.References:[1]Tom Greenhalgh. Facts about rheumatoid arthritis: 7 myths you may encounter. Rheumatology Advisor. March 28, 2019.Acknowledgments:noDisclosure of Interests:None declared
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Thakran R, Baghel S, Messi C, Kumar V, Kapoor S, Garg S, Malaviya A. SAT0644-HPR COMPLIANCE OF BIOLOGIC DISEASES MODIFYING ANTI-RHEUMATIC DRUGS (BDMARDS) WITH SYSTEMIC IMMUNO-INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASES (SIRDS). AN ASSESSMENT OF PATIENTS’ ADHERENCE AND NON- ADHERENCE CONCERNS. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:Patients with systemic immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases (SIRDs) are often treated with bDMARDs when the response to conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) is inadequate.There are, however, concerns about non-adherence to bDMARDs among patient. The non-adherence to bDMARDs may be caused by the various factors.Objectives:1.The main objective of present study was to find out the cause of discontinuation of bDMARDs2.To find out the adherence and non-adherence rate for bDMARDs.3.To identify the factors that are modifiable.Methods:800patients with SIRDs prescribed bDMARDs were interviewed to find out the demographic information, their socioeconomic status,and the disease duration.Additional information gathered included the comorbidities, the time for starting bDMARDs, the route of administration of bDMARDs, beliefs and perceptions about treatment efficacy and side effects if any.This was followed by looking at the adherence of bDMARDs; if they had discontinued then efforts was made to find out the reasons for the same.Based on these findings the patients were classified into adherent and non-adherent categories. The data were analyzed further for1.Factors that associated with persistence of bDMARDs.2.Factors that were associated with discontinuation of bDMARDs.Results:A total of 800 patients were interviewed that included patients with ankylosing spondylitis 430(52.4%), rheumatoid arthritis 300(37.7%), psoriatic arthritis 45(5.2%), and others 25 (0.7%).On analysis 610(76%) patient were compliant but 190(24%) patient had discontinued the bDMARDs on their own. On comparison of both groupsFactors that were significantly related to self-discontinuation were:•Negative beliefs about biologics (37%)•Cost (33%)•Reading side-effect profile on Google search (25%)•Other co-morbidities (6%)Factors that were significantly related to persistence of biologic treatment were:•Good counseling by rheumatologist and rheumatology nurse (60%)•Faith in the treating rheumatologist (25%)•Fear of deformities and pain(15%)On analysis it was found that a good counseling and clarifying the doubts of the patients regarding bDMARDs before starting the treatment encourages the patient to continue the biologic treatment, especially it allays their doubts about the drug adverse effects.Conclusion:Despite negative beliefs and misconceptions about bDMARDs, patient non-adherence at our center is not alarming.A positive reinforcement counseling appears to be the most significant factor to overcome the negative belief of patients.The affordability of the biologic treatment however remains a limiting factor in our centre as in other parts of India.References:[1]Tamas Koncz,MD,Marta,Pentek,Valentin,Brodszky,Katalin Ersek,MSc,Ewaorlewska&Laszlo Gulasi Volume10,2010 –Issue9 Adherence to biologic DMARD therapies in rheumatoid arthritisAcknowledgments:noDisclosure of Interests:None declared
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Baghel S, Thakran R, Messi C, Yadav V, Kapoor S, Garg S, Kashyap V, Malaviya A. FRI0601-HPR IMPACT OF LIFE STYLE MODIFICATION TECHNIQUE IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS (SSC) PATIENTS: A STUDY BY RHEUMATOLOGY NURSES COUNSELOR. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune the disease of the connective tissue that is clinically characterized by the involvement of skin (fibrosis, contractures of the finger joints), microvascular abnormalities (Raynaud’s phenomenon and complications), gastrointestinal involvement (gastroesophageal reflux disease - GERD, the lower GI tract involvement), musculoskeletal involvement (polyarthralgia, muscle disease), and involvement of internal organs (especially lungs, heart, and kidneys). Lifestyle modification techniques could have significant impact on various aspects of the disease including early disease control, increased drug adherence, positive attitude towards life, decreased financial burden of treatment, maintaining mobility and joints range of motion, minimizing or delaying joint contractures and decreased dependency with regular physical therapy. Counselling explaining the benefits of lifestyle modification related to these aspects of daily living may make a major difference in the quality of life of the patients with SSc.Objectives:To assess the benefits of lifestyle modification technique in improving the quality of life in patients with SSc.Methods:Patients with SSc attending the Rheumatology clinic of this institution, willing to participate in the survey, were enrolled in this study. All the information including the follow-up details were recorded in a pre-designed form. Their demographic information (age, gender) and disease characteristics (diagnosis, duration, treatment) were recorded, All the patients were explained the lifestyle modifications and their benefits, reinforced at each follow-up visit using posters (visual), written lifestyle modification techniques (using printed material) to raise their awareness of how to improve several of the above manifestations of SSc.Results:One hundred fifty (n=150) consecutive SSc patients were included in the study. It was observed that with repeated counselling 125 (83.3 %) patients adopted the lifestyle modification technique according to the advice imparted and felt a positive benefit in their daily life. However, 25 (16.6%) could not or did not follow the imparted lifestyle change advice on a regular basis. Those who were able to modify the life-style as counselled showed the following results:80 % were able to avoid exposure to cold by adopting the following measures: Wearing gloves and extra woolen socks, using mittens most of the time, wearing woollen undergarments to keep the central regions of the body region warm. These patients noted 55% decrease in the episodes of Raynaud’s phenomenon.Early evening meals and raising the head-end of the bed: 60% decrease in gastrointestinal symptoms.Regular physiotherapy: 65 % decrease dependency on others; 55% could maintain flexibility with physical exercises.Regular application and rubbing of the skin with lanoline-containing skin moisturizers 60 % improve your skin’s health80% were able to avoid active and passive tobacco use.Conclusion:The lifestyle modification techniques are important to control disease and its complications. Thus, after intense and regular counselling by the specialist rheumatology nurses on the lifestyle modification technique (83.3%) adapted the advised lifestyle modifications. The study showed the important role specialist rheumatology nurses can play in educating patients and helping them improving their quality of life.References:[1] Hudson M, Thombs BD, Steele R. at ell. Canadian Scleroderma Research G. QOL in patients with systemic sclerosis compared to the general population and patients with other chronic conditions. J Rheumatol. 2009;36(4):768–72.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Chahar P, Mohanty V, Balappanavar AY, Yadav V, Kapoor S. Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation of Hindi Version of Child Oral Impacts on Daily Performance Index. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020; 13:124-129. [PMID: 32742087 PMCID: PMC7366762 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Chahar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Puneet Chahar, Department of Public health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India, Phone: +91 9891618522, e-mail:
| | - Vikrant Mohanty
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aswini Y Balappanavar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vipul Yadav
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Kapoor
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Mehra R, Mohanty V, Balappanavar AY, Kapoor S. Bacterial contamination of packaged smokeless tobacco sold in India. Tob Prev Cessat 2020; 6:11. [PMID: 32548348 PMCID: PMC7291906 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/115064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION About 21.4% of India's population uses smokeless tobacco products (SLT), yet limited data are available on their microbial contamination. To understand the potential microbiological risks associated with SLT use, the present study aims to investigate bacterial contamination of tobacco and the types of microbes that could be cultured from SLT products. METHODS Twenty-two brands of SLT products, including paan masala, khaini, gutka and tobacco-containing dentifrices were examined and cultured by using appropriate selective and differential media including MacConkey agar and CLED agar. This was followed by a sequence of further identification by biochemical tests. RESULTS All 22 types of SLT products showed growth of aerobic bacteria. The most common bacteria isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa followed by Streptococcus faecalis. Other bacteria that were isolated from products, in traces, included Klebsiella spp., E. coli, and Bacillus subtilus. CONCLUSIONS This study raises and addresses the issue of bacterial contamination of packaged SLT products. SLT users might be subjected to a significant health hazard, especially those who are immunocompromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Mehra
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikrant Mohanty
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aswini Y Balappanavar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Kapoor
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Mehra R, Mehra K, Kapoor S. Bringing public health to dentistry amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Cancer Res Stat Treat 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/crst.crst_297_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Mishra A, Kapoor S, Mishra S, Mishra Y. Use of gamma irradiated bone allografts in treatment of various bone tumours. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz434.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kaul U, Verberk W, Suvarna V, Wander G, Vishwanathan M, Dani S, Hiremath J, Alegesan R, Vaidyanathan P, Natarajan S, Chandwani P, Punrnanad A, Nair T, Kapoor S, Kumar S, Arambam P. India Heart Study – IHS. Indian Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2019.11.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Gaur K, Sakhuja P, Mandal RN, Kapoor S. Indian childhood cirrhosis - down but not out: Report of a rare case with a practical clinicopathological diagnostic approach. J Postgrad Med 2019; 64:104-108. [PMID: 29692402 PMCID: PMC5954805 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_359_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Indian childhood cirrhosis is an entity believed to be on the verge of extinction. We present the case of a 13-month-old girl presenting acutely with jaundice, fever, and persistently increasing bilirubin. Investigations revealed direct hyperbilirubinemia, elevated transaminases, anemia, a blood with few schistocytes, positive direct coombs test, and deranged prothrombin time. Viral, autoimmune, and metabolic workup was unremarkable. Ultrasonography showed chronic liver disease, portal hypertension, and ascites. Due to numerous confounding factors and a low index of suspicion, the diagnosis of Indian childhood cirrhosis remained elusive and was clinched only on liver biopsy, albeit more than three weeks later, shortly after which the child expired. The timing and technique of the liver biopsy may have profound impact on the ultimate clinical outcome. Close coordination between the clinical and pathological teams is essential for deciphering acute presentations where the etiology is uncertain. We highlight the clinical considerations, varied morphological pointers, and offer a diagnostic algorithm facilitating the consideration of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gaur
- Department of Pathology, GB Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - P Sakhuja
- Department of Pathology, GB Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - R N Mandal
- Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - S Kapoor
- Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kapoor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - R Upreti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - M Mahajan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Ajayi OO, Davis NL, Saleem B, Kapoor S, Okogbule-Wonodi AC, Viscardi RM, Sundararajan S. Impact of red blood cell transfusions on intestinal barrier function in preterm infants. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2019; 12:95-101. [PMID: 30412507 DOI: 10.3233/npm-1828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationships of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and enteral feeding to changes in intestinal permeability (IP) measured by the relative intestinal uptake of lactulose (La) and rhamnose (Rh) in preterm infants <33 wk gestation. DESIGN/METHODS Infants 240-326wk gestation received La/Rh solution enterally on study days 1, 8 and 15.Urinary La/Rh ratio was measured by HPLC. Hematocrit preceding transfusion, total RBC transfusion volume, volume/kg, and feeding status during each study interval (birth-d1; d1-d8, and d8-d15) were determined. RESULTS Of the seventeen (40.5%) subjects who received≥1 transfusion during the study period, 12 (70.6%) infants were <28 wk gestation and 5 (29.4%) infants were≥28 wk gestation, p < 0.0001. Lower pre-transfusion hematocrit was observed in intervals preceding high IP (La/Rh > 0.05) than in intervals preceding low IP (La/Rh≤0.05) measurements (33 vs 35.8, p = 0.1051). RBC transfusions occurred more frequently in intervals preceding high IP than in intervals preceding low IP (26.8%; vs 8.3%, p = 0.0275) with 5-fold higher total RBC volume and volume/kg in intervals preceding any time point with high IP. RBC transfusion during an interval was associated with a three-fold increased risk of high IP (aOR 2.7; 95% C.I 0.564-12.814; p = 0.2143). Exclusive breast milk exposure and post-menstrual age reduced the risk for high IP following RBC transfusion. CONCLUSIONS Both RBC transfusion number and volume was associated with subsequent high IP measurements in preterm infants <33 weeks gestation and potentially may contribute to impairment of the preterm intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Ajayi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Division of Neonatology Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N L Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Division of Neonatology Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B Saleem
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Division of Neonatology Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Kapoor
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Division of Neonatology Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A C Okogbule-Wonodi
- Department of Pediatrics, Howard University College of Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Washington, DC, USA
| | - R M Viscardi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Division of Neonatology Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sripriya Sundararajan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Division of Neonatology Baltimore, MD, USA
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Rijhwani K, Hashmi S, Mohanty VR, Balappanavar AY, Kapoor S. Hookah products and online retail marketing strategies in India: A content analysis. Indian J Cancer 2019; 55:261-264. [PMID: 30693891 DOI: 10.4103/ijc.ijc_142_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hookah smoking is becoming increasingly popular among the youth. Evidence shows that exposure to marketing of the unhealthy products through social media platforms may impact adolescent health behaviors. The aim of the study was to perform a content analysis of online portals selling hookah products. MATERIALS AND METHODS A content analysis of online retail market was conducted on Google India using three keywords hookah, hookah products, and shisha. Retail websites popular in India that were selling hookah products were randomly selected and explored. A total of 15 themes were developed and used to describe various promotional strategies for hookah products. RESULTS In all, 41 (19.2%) products claimed to be tobacco/nicotine-free and only 14 products (6.5%) displayed age/health-specific warnings. About 86% of products were available at discounted rates; glamorizing words for describing products in form of superior, premium, and legendary were found on 189 (88.3%) products. Phrases such as "ultimate way to celebrate," "perfect excuse to chill with your friends," and "now enjoy the world of smoking without any doubt of harm" are commonly used to promote hookah products. CONCLUSION Easy availability of newer forms of smoking at online markets could play a role in promoting the use of hookah among the youth. Most products are being sold without any warnings and there is no means to control the selling of the products to minors. There is a need to raise the issue of hookah products in the same tune as done for other forms of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Rijhwani
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumbul Hashmi
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikrant R Mohanty
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aswini Y Balappanavar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Kapoor
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Hashmi S, Mohanty VR, Balappanavar AY, Yadav V, Kapoor S, Rijhwani K. Effectiveness of dental health education on oral hygiene among hearing impaired adolescents in India: A randomized control trial. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2019; 39:274-280. [DOI: 10.1111/scd.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumbul Hashmi
- Department of Public Health DentistryMaulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences Delhi India
| | - Vikrant R Mohanty
- Department of Public Health DentistryMaulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences Delhi India
| | - Aswini Y Balappanavar
- Department of Public Health DentistryMaulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences Delhi India
| | - Vipul Yadav
- Department of Public Health DentistryPost Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences Rohtak India
| | - Shivam Kapoor
- Department of Public Health DentistryMaulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences Delhi India
| | - Kavita Rijhwani
- Department of Public Health DentistryMaulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences Delhi India
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Kapoor S, Chahar P, Mohanty V, Balappanavar A. Special care dentistry: Knowledge and attitudes among Indian dental students. J Indian Assoc Public Health Dent 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_206_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Kapoor S, Mohanty V, Balappanavar A. Tobacco use: Exploring the beliefs of street food vendors in Delhi, India. J Indian Assoc Public Health Dent 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_208_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Kapoor R, Kapoor S, Kapoor R. A new body shape index–better marker of cardiovascular risk in type-II diabetic North Indian population. Indian Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Balakrishnan S, Kapoor S, Vijayanath P, Singh H, Nandhakumar A, Venkatesulu K, Shanmugam V. An innovative way of managing coeliac artery stenosis during pancreaticoduodenectomy. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2018; 100:e168-e170. [PMID: 29909663 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2018.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coeliac artery stenosis (CAS) is rarely of consequence owing to rich collateral supply from the superior mesenteric artery via the pancreatic head. Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in CAS disrupts these collaterals, and places the liver, stomach and spleen at risk of ischaemia. A 56-year-old man presented with a 3-week history of obstructive jaundice. Computed tomography revealed an operable periampullary tumour with CAS due to compression by the median arcuate ligament with multiple collaterals in the pancreatic head and a prominent gastroduodenal artery (GDA). Following unsuccessful coeliac axis endovascular stenting, a PD was performed. Intraoperative median arcuate ligament release failed to restore good flow in the common hepatic artery (CHA) and splenic artery (SpA) A decision was made to use the left gastric artery (LGA) for arterial reconstruction, disconnect it from the stomach with its origin intact and anastomose it to the supracoeliac aorta. Doppler ultrasonography with a GDA clamp confirmed good filling of the CHA and SpA via the LGA. The GDA was ligated and the PD completed. The patient had an uneventful recovery except for a biochemical pancreatic leak and was discharged on day 10. CAS during PD (confirmed by a decrease in CHA flow with a GDA clamp) requires an additional procedure to restore blood flow to the liver, stomach and spleen. Anastomosing the LGA to the supracoeliac aorta is a simple reconstruction technique for achieving this.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Kapoor
- Kovai Medical Centre and Hospital , Coimbatore , India
| | - P Vijayanath
- Kovai Medical Centre and Hospital , Coimbatore , India
| | - H Singh
- Kovai Medical Centre and Hospital , Coimbatore , India
| | - A Nandhakumar
- Kovai Medical Centre and Hospital , Coimbatore , India
| | - K Venkatesulu
- Kovai Medical Centre and Hospital , Coimbatore , India
| | - V Shanmugam
- Kovai Medical Centre and Hospital , Coimbatore , India
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Baran D, Kapoor S, Vijaykumar S, Gidea C, Camacho M, Zucker M. TICTAC 10: Ten Year Follow-up of the Tacrolimus in Combination Tacrolimus Alone Compared Trial. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Kulshrestha R, Rathi A, Kapoor S, Singh K, Arora S, Polipalli S, Jindal A. EP-2297: Biodosimetry of head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)32606-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Mehra R, Mohanty V, Y Balappanavar A, Mehra K, Kapoor S, Gupta V. Afghan frontier: understanding tobacco practices among migrant population in India. Tob Induc Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.18332/tid/84549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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