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High-resolution mass spectrometry imaging reveals skin lipid changes and the cholesterol sulphate cycle during keratinization. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:e456-e458. [PMID: 37909310 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
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Deep learning applications in vascular dementia using neuroimaging. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2024; 37:101-106. [PMID: 38226547 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second common cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease, and deep learning has emerged as a critical tool in dementia research. The aim of this article is to highlight the current deep learning applications in VaD-related imaging biomarkers and diagnosis. RECENT FINDINGS The main deep learning technology applied in VaD using neuroimaging data is convolutional neural networks (CNN). CNN models have been widely used for lesion detection and segmentation, such as white matter hyperintensities (WMH), cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), perivascular spaces (PVS), lacunes, cortical superficial siderosis, and brain atrophy. Applications in VaD subtypes classification also showed excellent results. CNN-based deep learning models have potential for further diagnosis and prognosis of VaD. SUMMARY Deep learning neural networks with neuroimaging data in VaD research represent significant promise for advancing early diagnosis and treatment strategies. Ongoing research and collaboration between clinicians, data scientists, and neuroimaging experts are essential to address challenges and unlock the full potential of deep learning in VaD diagnosis and management.
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Effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease: a prespecified secondary analysis from the empa-kidney trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:39-50. [PMID: 38061371 PMCID: PMC7615591 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce progression of chronic kidney disease and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a wide range of patients. However, their effects on kidney disease progression in some patients with chronic kidney disease are unclear because few clinical kidney outcomes occurred among such patients in the completed trials. In particular, some guidelines stratify their level of recommendation about who should be treated with SGLT2 inhibitors based on diabetes status and albuminuria. We aimed to assess the effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease both overall and among specific types of participants in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA), and included individuals aged 18 years or older with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or with an eGFR of 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher. We explored the effects of 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily versus placebo on the annualised rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR slope), a tertiary outcome. We studied the acute slope (from randomisation to 2 months) and chronic slope (from 2 months onwards) separately, using shared parameter models to estimate the latter. Analyses were done in all randomly assigned participants by intention to treat. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and then followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroups of eGFR included 2282 (34·5%) participants with an eGFR of less than 30 mL/min per 1·73 m2, 2928 (44·3%) with an eGFR of 30 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, and 1399 (21·2%) with an eGFR 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or higher. Prespecified subgroups of uACR included 1328 (20·1%) with a uACR of less than 30 mg/g, 1864 (28·2%) with a uACR of 30 to 300 mg/g, and 3417 (51·7%) with a uACR of more than 300 mg/g. Overall, allocation to empagliflozin caused an acute 2·12 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (95% CI 1·83-2·41) reduction in eGFR, equivalent to a 6% (5-6) dip in the first 2 months. After this, it halved the chronic slope from -2·75 to -1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (relative difference 50%, 95% CI 42-58). The absolute and relative benefits of empagliflozin on the magnitude of the chronic slope varied significantly depending on diabetes status and baseline levels of eGFR and uACR. In particular, the absolute difference in chronic slopes was lower in patients with lower baseline uACR, but because this group progressed more slowly than those with higher uACR, this translated to a larger relative difference in chronic slopes in this group (86% [36-136] reduction in the chronic slope among those with baseline uACR <30 mg/g compared with a 29% [19-38] reduction for those with baseline uACR ≥2000 mg/g; ptrend<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Empagliflozin slowed the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease among all types of participant in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, including those with little albuminuria. Albuminuria alone should not be used to determine whether to treat with an SGLT2 inhibitor. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly.
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Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:51-60. [PMID: 38061372 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EMPA-KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62-0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16-1·59), representing a 50% (42-58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). INTERPRETATION In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council.
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Rectangular tapered short stem excellently preserves proximal bone mineral density preservation than tapered wedge short stem. Acta Orthop Belg 2023; 89:491-497. [PMID: 37935234 DOI: 10.52628/89.3.11833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Fitmore stem is a rectangular, tapered, short, cementless stem. A characteristic feature of this stem is that it provides rotational stability due to the high medullary occupancy achieved by its rectangular cross-section and thick antero- posterior width. We aimed to investigate the differences in periprosthetic bone remodelling between a rectangular- tapered short stem and a short tapered-wedge stem. Eighty patients who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty using a rectangular-tapered short stem (Fitmore) or a short tapered-wedge stem (Tri-Lock BPS) were enrolled in this study. Bone mineral densities (BMDs) in the seven Gruen zones were evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline, and at 6 and 24 months postoperatively. Peri-prosthetic BMD and clinical factors were assessed and compared. In addition, correlations between periprosthetic BMD changes and stem anteversion error were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient in the two groups. A significantly better postoperative periprosthetic BMD change was found in zones 1 and 7 in the rectangular-tapered group. Additionally, no significant correlation was observed between stem anteversion error and periprosthetic BMD changes in the rectangular-tapered groups. However, in the tapered-wedge group, there were significant negative correlations between the stem anteversion error and BMD changes at 6 months and 24 months in zones 1 and 7. In the rectangular-tapered group, a significantly better postoperative periprosthetic BMD change was found particularly in the region proximal to the stem. Rectangular-tapered short stem can be more resistant to rotation due to higher medullary occupancy and may lead to better periprosthetic BMD than the tapered-wedge short stem, especially in the proximal region of the stem.
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Experimental inoculation of a tissue homogenate containing porcine circovirus type 3 obtained after two in vivo passages in NIBS miniature pigs. Vet Microbiol 2023; 281:109740. [PMID: 37087879 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is a novel porcine circovirus that has been detected in pigs showing various clinical and pathological conditions, as well as in many asymptomatic pigs. The pathogenesis of PCV3 infection in pigs remains unclear. To evaluate the in vivo growth and pathogenicity of PCV3, we performed two experiments on PCV3 infection in laboratory-grade miniature pigs with strictly controlled genetic backgrounds and microbiological status. A PCV3 passage experiment confirmed PCV3 genome detection in the sera and multiple organs via in vivo serial passage generations. PCV3 was successively passaged in miniature pigs by inoculating tissue homogenates from infected pigs supporting Koch's principles. In the PCV3 infection experiment, viremia was observed in all the inoculated pigs, and transient neurological signs were observed in one of the three pigs. Histopathologically, all three pigs in the PCV3 inoculation group exhibited lung disorders such as interstitial pneumonia and lymphoplasmacytic perivasculitis. In addition, one pig with neurological signs in the PCV3 inoculation group showed focal thrombosis in the meninges of the cerebellum. Vascular lesions in both the lungs and brain suggest that PCV3 may cause injury to vascular tissues. In situ hybridization (ISH)-RNA analysis demonstrated that the PCV3 genome was localized in the lymph nodes of pigs inoculated with PCV3. The PCV3 in vivo passage system in NIBS miniature pigs will help investigate the pathogenicity of PCV3.
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VP.66 CRISPR/Cas9-targeted single molecule long-read sequencing reveals allelic microheterogeneity of triplet repeat expansion in oculopharyngodistal myopathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.07.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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VP.46 Dermatomyositis-specific autoantibodies and muscle MRI findings. Neuromuscul Disord 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.07.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hypertriton Production in p-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:252003. [PMID: 35802430 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.252003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study of nuclei and antinuclei production has proven to be a powerful tool to investigate the formation mechanism of loosely bound states in high-energy hadronic collisions. The first measurement of the production of _{Λ}^{3}H in p-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV is presented in this Letter. Its production yield measured in the rapidity interval -1<y<0 for the 40% highest-multiplicity p-Pb collisions is dN/dy=[6.3±1.8(stat)±1.2(syst)]×10^{-7}. The measurement is compared with the expectations of statistical hadronization and coalescence models, which describe the nucleosynthesis in hadronic collisions. These two models predict very different yields of the hypertriton in charged particle multiplicity environments relevant to small collision systems such as p-Pb, and therefore the measurement of dN/dy is crucial to distinguish between them. The precision of this measurement leads to the exclusion with a significance larger than 6.9σ of some configurations of the statistical hadronization model, thus constraining the theory behind the production of loosely bound states at hadron colliders.
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Abstract No. 123 Impact of ablation margin on local tumor progression after radiofrequency ablation for lung metastases from colorectal carcinoma: supplementary analysis of phase II trial (MLCSG-0802). J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.03.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Polarization of Λ and Λ[over ¯] Hyperons along the Beam Direction in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s]_{NN}=5.02 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:172005. [PMID: 35570422 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.172005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The polarization of the Λ and Λ[over ¯] hyperons along the beam (z) direction, P_{z}, has been measured in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV recorded with ALICE at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The main contribution to P_{z} comes from elliptic flow-induced vorticity and can be characterized by the second Fourier sine coefficient P_{z,s2}=⟨P_{z}sin(2φ-2Ψ_{2})⟩, where φ is the hyperon azimuthal emission angle and Ψ_{2} is the elliptic flow plane angle. We report the measurement of P_{z,s2} for different collision centralities and in the 30%-50% centrality interval as a function of the hyperon transverse momentum and rapidity. The P_{z,s2} is positive similarly as measured by the STAR Collaboration in Au-Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV, with somewhat smaller amplitude in the semicentral collisions. This is the first experimental evidence of a nonzero hyperon P_{z} in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC. The comparison of the measured P_{z,s2} with the hydrodynamic model calculations shows sensitivity to the competing contributions from thermal and the recently found shear-induced vorticity, as well as to whether the polarization is acquired at the quark-gluon plasma or the hadronic phase.
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Measurement of the Groomed Jet Radius and Momentum Splitting Fraction in pp and Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:102001. [PMID: 35333086 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This article presents groomed jet substructure measurements in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector. The soft drop grooming algorithm provides access to the hard parton splittings inside a jet by removing soft wide-angle radiation. We report the groomed jet momentum splitting fraction, z_{g}, and the (scaled) groomed jet radius, θ_{g}. Charged-particle jets are reconstructed at midrapidity using the anti-k_{T} algorithm with resolution parameters R=0.2 and R=0.4. In heavy-ion collisions, the large underlying event poses a challenge for the reconstruction of groomed jet observables, since fluctuations in the background can cause groomed parton splittings to be misidentified. By using strong grooming conditions to reduce this background, we report these observables fully corrected for detector effects and background fluctuations for the first time. A narrowing of the θ_{g} distribution in Pb-Pb collisions compared to pp collisions is seen, which provides direct evidence of the modification of the angular structure of jets in the quark-gluon plasma. No significant modification of the z_{g} distribution in Pb-Pb collisions compared to pp collisions is observed. These results are compared with a variety of theoretical models of jet quenching, and provide constraints on jet energy-loss mechanisms and coherence effects in the quark-gluon plasma.
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A preliminary study of the safety and effectiveness of isoproterenol loading transesophageal echocardiography in atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab289.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
In patients with sludge or severe spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) in the left atrial appendage (LAA), isoproterenol loading transesophageal echocardiography (ISP-TEE) has been reported to check the presence of thrombus in the LAA, as the sludge or severe SEC disappears (Figure 1).
Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the safety of ISP-TEE for the identification of LAA thrombus and the hemodynamic changes in the LAA caused by ISP loading.
Methods
We prospectively enrolled 25 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and sludge or SEC in the LAA who underwent ISP-TEE from April 2020 to July 2021. ISP was administered intravenously to achieve the target heart rate (HR) defined as follows: Max HR [beats per minutes: bpm] = 220 – age (years), Target HR [bpm] = Max HR × 0.8. Patients with tachycardia exceeding Max HR before ISP administration, hemodynamic instability, and other contraindications to ISP were excluded from the study. To assess the safety of ISP-TEE, we evaluated patients’ condition, changes in systolic blood pressure (sBP) and HR before and after ISP loading. We also assessed the presence or absence of worsening heart failure, new arrhythmias other than atrial fibrillation, and cerebral infarction or transient ischemic attack during the examination, and after 24 hours. Hemodynamic evaluation was performed using LAA blood flow velocity, LAA tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) velocity, and LAA volume fraction (LAAVF) defined as follows: LAAVF (%) = (Max LAA volume – Min LAA volume) / Max LAA volume × 100. Quantification of LAA volume was performed using the stacked-contour method of a 3-dimensional TEE full-volume acquisition.
Results
Among 25 patients, 13 patients had sludge or grade3 SEC, 7 patients had grade2 SEC, 5 patients had grade1 SEC. HR after ISP loading was significantly higher than before loading, but sBP did not change significantly before and after ISP loading. No complications due to ISP loading were observed during examination and after 24 hours. After ISP loading, there were 18 patients with grade 1 SEC or no SEC (classified as Group1), 7 patients had residual sludge or grade 2 to 3 SEC (classified as Group2). The differences in LAA blood flow velocity between before and after ISP loading was faster in Group1 than in Group2: 13.0 ± 10.5 vs 2.6 ± 4.2. p = 0.019. The differences in TDI velocity was also faster in Group1 than in Group2: 1.46 ± 1.14 vs 0.19 ± 0.50, p = 0.010. The differences in LAAVF was higher in Group1 than in Group2: 13.7 ± 10.3 vs 2.2 ± 2.0, p = 0.009.
Conclusions
In our study, no complications were observed in ISP-TEE for the identification of LAA thrombus. Patients with grade 1 SEC or no SEC, the LAA function was increased by ISP loading. These results may provide insights into the mechanisms of ISP loading on SEC in the LAA. Abstract Figure.
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Measurement of Prompt D^{0}, Λ_{c}^{+}, and Σ_{c}^{0,++}(2455) Production in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:012001. [PMID: 35061479 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.012001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The p_{T}-differential production cross sections of prompt D^{0}, Λ_{c}^{+}, and Σ_{c}^{0,++}(2455) charmed hadrons are measured at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. This is the first measurement of Σ_{c}^{0,++} production in hadronic collisions. Assuming the same production yield for the three Σ_{c}^{0,+,++} isospin states, the baryon-to-meson cross section ratios Σ_{c}^{0,+,++}/D^{0} and Λ_{c}^{+}/D^{0} are calculated in the transverse momentum (p_{T}) intervals 2<p_{T}<12 and 1<p_{T}<24 GeV/c. Values significantly larger than in e^{+}e^{-} collisions are observed, indicating for the first time that baryon enhancement in hadronic collisions also extends to the Σ_{c}. The feed-down contribution to Λ_{c}^{+} production from Σ_{c}^{0,+,++} is also reported and is found to be larger than in e^{+}e^{-} collisions. The data are compared with predictions from event generators and other phenomenological models, providing a sensitive test of the different charm-hadronization mechanisms implemented in the models.
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Measurement of the Cross Sections of Ξ_{c}^{0} and Ξ_{c}^{+} Baryons and of the Branching-Fraction Ratio BR(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}e^{+}ν_{e})/BR(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+}) in pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:272001. [PMID: 35061415 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.272001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The p_{T}-differential cross sections of prompt charm-strange baryons Ξ_{c}^{0} and Ξ_{c}^{+} were measured at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in proton-proton (pp) collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The Ξ_{c}^{0} baryon was reconstructed via both the semileptonic decay (Ξ^{-}e^{+}ν_{e}) and the hadronic decay (Ξ^{-}π^{+}) channels. The Ξ_{c}^{+} baryon was reconstructed via the hadronic decay (Ξ^{-}π^{+}π^{+}) channel. The branching-fraction ratio BR(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}e^{+}ν_{e})/BR(Ξ_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+})=1.38±0.14(stat)±0.22(syst) was measured with a total uncertainty reduced by a factor of about 3 with respect to the current world average reported by the Particle Data Group. The transverse momentum (p_{T}) dependence of the Ξ_{c}^{0}- and Ξ_{c}^{+}-baryon production relative to the D^{0} meson and to the Σ_{c}^{0,+,++}- and Λ_{c}^{+}-baryon production are reported. The baryon-to-meson ratio increases toward low p_{T} up to a value of approximately 0.3. The measurements are compared with various models that take different hadronization mechanisms into consideration. The results provide stringent constraints to these theoretical calculations and additional evidence that different processes are involved in charm hadronization in electron-positron (e^{+}e^{-}) and hadronic collisions.
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Cutaneous tertiary syphilitic gumma on the scalp. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 36:e350-e352. [PMID: 34897840 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Λ_{c}^{+} Production and Baryon-to-Meson Ratios in pp and p-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV at the LHC. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:202301. [PMID: 34860039 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.202301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The prompt production of the charm baryon Λ_{c}^{+} and the Λ_{c}^{+}/D^{0} production ratios were measured at midrapidity with the ALICE detector in pp and p-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. These new measurements show a clear decrease of the Λ_{c}^{+}/D^{0} ratio with increasing transverse momentum (p_{T}) in both collision systems in the range 2<p_{T}<12 GeV/c, exhibiting similarities with the light-flavor baryon-to-meson ratios p/π and Λ/K_{S}^{0}. At low p_{T}, predictions that include additional color-reconnection mechanisms beyond the leading-color approximation, assume the existence of additional higher-mass charm-baryon states, or include hadronization via coalescence can describe the data, while predictions driven by charm-quark fragmentation processes measured in e^{+}e^{-} and e^{-}p collisions significantly underestimate the data. The results presented in this Letter provide significant evidence that the established assumption of universality (colliding-system independence) of parton-to-hadron fragmentation is not sufficient to describe charm-baryon production in hadronic collisions at LHC energies.
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Experimental Evidence for an Attractive p-ϕ Interaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:172301. [PMID: 34739260 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.172301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This Letter presents the first experimental evidence of the attractive strong interaction between a proton and a ϕ meson. The result is obtained from two-particle correlations of combined p-ϕ⊕ p[over ¯]-ϕ pairs measured in high-multiplicity pp collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV by the ALICE Collaboration. The spin-averaged scattering length and effective range of the p-ϕ interaction are extracted from the fully corrected correlation function employing the Lednický-Lyuboshits approach. In particular, the imaginary part of the scattering length vanishes within uncertainties, indicating that inelastic processes do not play a prominent role for the p-ϕ interaction. These data demonstrate that the interaction is dominated by elastic p-ϕ scattering. Furthermore, an analysis employing phenomenological Gaussian- and Yukawa-type potentials is conducted. Under the assumption of the latter, the N-ϕ coupling constant is found to be g_{N-ϕ}=0.14±0.03(stat)±0.02(syst). This work provides valuable experimental input to accomplish a self-consistent description of the N-ϕ interaction, which is particularly relevant for the more fundamental studies on partial restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclear medium.
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DISTAL MYOPATHIES. Neuromuscul Disord 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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DMD/BMD - GENETICS. Neuromuscul Disord 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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AUTOIMMUNE & INFLAMMATORY NMD. Neuromuscul Disord 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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AUTOIMMUNE & INFLAMMATORY NMD. Neuromuscul Disord 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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LGMD. Neuromuscul Disord 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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NEW INSIGHTS INTO CELLULAR OR MUSCLE FUNCTION. Neuromuscul Disord 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Multiharmonic Correlations of Different Flow Amplitudes in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=2.76 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:092302. [PMID: 34506195 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.092302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The event-by-event correlations between three flow amplitudes are measured for the first time in Pb-Pb collisions, using higher-order symmetric cumulants. We find that different three-harmonic correlations develop during the collective evolution of the medium when compared to correlations that exist in the initial state. These new results cannot be interpreted in terms of previous lower-order flow measurements since contributions from two-harmonic correlations are explicitly removed in the new observables. A comparison to Monte Carlo simulations provides new and independent constraints for the initial conditions and system properties of nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions.
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Plasmonic mode coupling and thin film sensing in metal-insulator-metal structures. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15093. [PMID: 34301973 PMCID: PMC8302593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical sensors based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in the attenuated total reflection (ATR) configuration in layered media have attracted considerable attention over the past decades owing to their ability of label free sensing in biomolecular interaction analysis, and highly sensitive detection of changes in refractive index and thickness, i.e. the optical thickness, of thin film adsorbates (thin film sensing). Furthermore, SPR is highly sensitive to the refractive index of the medium adjacent to the bare metal, and it allows for bulk sensing as well. When deposited at the metal/air interface, an adsorbed layer disturbs the highly localized, i.e. bound, wave at this interface and changes the plasmon resonance to allow for sensing in angular or wavelength interrogation and intensity measurement modes. A high degree of sensitivity is required for precise and efficient sensing, especially for biomolecular interaction analysis for early stage diagnostics; and besides conventional SPR (CSPR), several other configurations have been developed in recent years targeting sensitivity, including long-range SPR (LRSPR) and waveguide-coupled SPR (WGSPR) observed in MIM structures, referred here to by MIM modes, resulting from the coupling of SPRs at I/M interfaces, and Fano-type resonances occurring from broad and sharp modes coupling in layered structures. In our previous research, we demonstrated that MIM is better than CSPR for bulk sensing, and in this paper, we show that CSPR is better than MIM for thin film sensing for thicknesses of the sensing layer (SL) larger than 10 nm. We discuss and compare the sensitivity of CSPR and MIM for thin film sensing by using both experiments and theoretical calculations based on rigorous electromagnetic (EM) theory. We discuss in detail MIM modes coupling and anti-crossing, and we show that when a thin film adsorbate, i.e. a SL), is deposited on top of the outermost-layer of an optimized MIM structure, it modifies the characteristics of the coupled modes of the structure, and it reduces the electric field, both inside the SL and at the SL/air interface, and as a result, it decreases the sensitivity of the MIM versus the CSPR sensor. Our work is of critical importance to plasmonic mode coupling using MIM configurations, as well as to optical bio- and chemical-sensing.
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Soft-Dielectron Excess in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:042302. [PMID: 34355943 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.042302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A measurement of dielectron production in proton-proton (pp) collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV, recorded with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC, is presented in this Letter. The data set was recorded with a reduced magnetic solenoid field. This enables the investigation of a kinematic domain at low dielectron (ee) invariant mass m_{ee} and pair transverse momentum p_{T,ee} that was previously inaccessible at the LHC. The cross section for dielectron production is studied as a function of m_{ee}, p_{T,ee}, and event multiplicity dN_{ch}/dη. The expected dielectron rate from hadron decays, called hadronic cocktail, utilizes a parametrization of the measured η/π^{0} ratio in pp and proton-nucleus collisions, assuming that this ratio shows no strong dependence on collision energy at low transverse momentum. Comparison of the measured dielectron yield to the hadronic cocktail at 0.15<m_{ee}<0.6 GeV/c^{2} and for p_{T,ee}<0.4 GeV/c indicates an enhancement of soft dielectrons, reminiscent of the "anomalous" soft-photon and soft-dilepton excess in hadron-hadron collisions reported by several experiments under different experimental conditions. The enhancement factor over the hadronic cocktail amounts to 1.61±0.13(stat)±0.17(syst,data)±0.34(syst,cocktail) in the ALICE acceptance. Acceptance-corrected excess spectra in m_{ee} and p_{T,ee} are extracted and compared with calculations of dielectron production from hadronic bremsstrahlung and thermal radiation within a hadronic many-body approach.
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Antimony from brake dust to the combined sewer collection system via road effluent under rainy conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:369. [PMID: 34052915 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Abrasion of the brake lining of automobiles is one of the main antimony (Sb) sources on the road. Therefore, the road effluent possibly supplies Sb to the combined sewer collection system. However, Sb in road-sewer systems has attracted little concern, although heavy metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in sewer water have been studied by many previous authors. We investigated the effect of road effluent on Sb in the combined sewer water by collecting road effluent, road dust, and sewer water under rainy and dry weather conditions. Sb in road effluent showed a significantly higher concentration than the other types of samples, and the Sb concentration in sewer during wet weather was significantly higher than that during dry weather. Furthermore, the Sb concentration in sewer water decreased with time during a wash-off event. Clear positive relationships between Sb and Cu and between Sb and Ba in both road effluent and road dust extract indicate the effect of brake abrasion because the brake lining contains Cu, Sb, and Ba in high concentrations. Approximately 42% of Sb load occurred during the wash-off event, while the loads of Cu and Ba were much less. Unlike Cu and Ba, we conclude that Sb in combined sewer water largely depends on road effluent in wet weather due to the wash-off of road dust, which is probably associated with brake lining abrasion.
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Elliptic Flow of Electrons from Beauty-Hadron Decays in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:162001. [PMID: 33961482 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.162001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The elliptic flow of electrons from beauty hadron decays at midrapidity (|y|<0.8) is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The azimuthal distribution of the particles produced in the collisions can be parametrized with a Fourier expansion, in which the second harmonic coefficient represents the elliptic flow, v_{2}. The v_{2} coefficient of electrons from beauty hadron decays is measured for the first time in the transverse momentum (p_{T}) range 1.3-6 GeV/c in the centrality class 30%-50%. The measurement of electrons from beauty-hadron decays exploits their larger mean proper decay length cτ≈500 μm compared to that of charm hadrons and most of the other background sources. The v_{2} of electrons from beauty hadron decays at midrapidity is found to be positive with a significance of 3.75 σ. The results provide insights into the degree of thermalization of beauty quarks in the medium. A model assuming full thermalization of beauty quarks is strongly disfavored by the measurement at high p_{T}, but is in agreement with the results at low p_{T}. Transport models including substantial interactions of beauty quarks with an expanding strongly interacting medium describe the measurement within uncertainties.
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Clonal Upregulation of Effector Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in a Patient with Multiple Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Refractory Chronic Myeloid Leukemia with Long-Term Survival. Case Rep Oncol 2021; 14:493-499. [PMID: 33976626 PMCID: PMC8077377 DOI: 10.1159/000514631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a patient with multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-refractory chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML) with a T315I mutation of abl1. Dasatinib, a second-generation TKI, was administered as the initial treatment but achieved neither a cytogenetic nor molecular response. A mutational analysis of abl1 revealed that the patient had a T315I mutation. The patient was then administered ponatinib, a third-generation TKI, which is thought to be effective against T315I; however, the complete blood counts became within normal limits, and neither a cytogenetic nor molecular response was achieved. However, the patient has maintained a healthy chronic phase (with no blast crises) for more than 5½ years since the diagnosis of CP-CML. T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire analyses using peripheral blood revealed a remarkable clonal expansion of effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that contained TCR V beta 13.6. We observed the clonal expansion of naïve CTLs with TCR V beta 13.6; however, no clonality was observed in the memory CTLs. The naïve and effector CTLs persisted at very high percentages since the seventh month after starting dasatinib. The CTLs could not have led to the molecular response; therefore, there might be plenty of CML stem cells remaining in the bone marrow. Therefore, although the CTLs might have prevented the disease from developing blast crises over more than 5 years, the CTLs might not have been able to become memory CTLs.
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Successful Treatment of a Patient with Brentuximab Vedotin-Refractory ALK-Negative Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma with Romidepsin. Case Rep Oncol 2020; 13:1402-1409. [PMID: 33442363 PMCID: PMC7772834 DOI: 10.1159/000511111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 78-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-negative, CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4)-negative, and CD30-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). The patient had a past medical history of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and colon cancers that had developed simultaneously approximately 2 years prior to the development of ALCL that were treated with immunochemotherapy and resection, respectively. Initial treatment for ALCL included brentuximab vedotin, an anti-CD30 monoclonal antibody-monomethyl auristatin E conjugate; however, we were unable to achieve a sufficient treatment effect. Romidepsin, an oral histone deacetylase inhibitor, was introduced as salvage chemotherapy; complete remission was attained. Interestingly, a reversal of the CD4/CD8 ratio and a reduction in human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) virus load was observed after 2 cycles of immunochemotherapy; the patient experienced upregulation of HTLV-1 Tax-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes after a herpes zoster infection and the completion of immunotherapy. The immunologic status was maintained from the time of diagnosis through the completion of romidepsin therapy. Our findings indicate that romidepsin can be used safely and effectively to treat ALCL without impairing cellular immunity to HTLV-1.
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Measurement of the Low-Energy Antideuteron Inelastic Cross Section. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:162001. [PMID: 33124836 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.162001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we report the first measurement of the inelastic cross section for antideuteron-nucleus interactions at low particle momenta, covering a range of 0.3≤p<4 GeV/c. The measurement is carried out using p-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon pair of sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV, recorded with the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC and utilizing the detector material as an absorber for antideuterons and antiprotons. The extracted raw primary antiparticle-to-particle ratios are compared to the results from detailed ALICE simulations based on the geant4 toolkit for the propagation of (anti)particles through the detector material. The analysis of the raw primary (anti)proton spectra serves as a benchmark for this study, since their hadronic interaction cross sections are well constrained experimentally. The first measurement of the inelastic cross section for antideuteron-nucleus interactions averaged over the ALICE detector material with atomic mass numbers ⟨A⟩=17.4 and 31.8 is obtained. The measured inelastic cross section points to a possible excess with respect to the Glauber model parametrization used in geant4 in the lowest momentum interval of 0.3≤p<0.47 GeV/c up to a factor 2.1. This result is relevant for the understanding of antimatter propagation and the contributions to antinuclei production from cosmic ray interactions within the interstellar medium. In addition, the momentum range covered by this measurement is of particular importance to evaluate signal predictions for indirect dark-matter searches.
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CONGENITAL MYOPATHIES 2. Neuromuscul Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.08.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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AUTOPHAGIC MYOPATHIES / MYOFIBRILLAR MYOPATHIES / DISTAL MYOPATHIES / POMPE DISEASE. Neuromuscul Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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MUSCLE FUNCTION & HOMEOSTASIS / MOLECULAR THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES. Neuromuscul Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mogamulizumab Plus EPOCH Therapy for Patients With Newly Diagnosed Aggressive Adult T-cell Leukemia/lymphoma. Anticancer Res 2020; 40:5237-5243. [PMID: 32878812 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.14527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a relatively refractory CD4-positive peripheral T-cell lymphoma. VCAP-AMP-VECP (mLSG15) is one of the standard chemotherapeutic regimens for patients with aggressive ATLL. Mogamulizumab (moga), a monoclonal antibody for C-C chemokine receptor 4 antigen expressed on the cell surface, has recently been poised for use as monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy. However, to date, a significant survival benefit has not been obtained with the combination of moga + mLSG15 therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 77 patients diagnosed with aggressive ATLL. Of them, 22 were treated with moga + a chemotherapy regimen comprised of etoposide, vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and prednisolone (EPOCH), 16 with moga + mLSG15, and 39 with chemotherapy alone. RESULTS A risk reduction of approximately 30% was obtained with moga + EPOCH compared with moga + mLSG15. CONCLUSION The addition of moga to chemotherapy did not result in a survival benefit compared with chemotherapy alone. However, a statistically significant overall survival benefit was observed in patients with moga-induced skin disorders.
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Development and growth of the foot lumbricalis muscle: a histological study using human fetuses. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2020; 80:904-915. [PMID: 32896871 DOI: 10.5603/fm.a2020.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Our group has shown early development of the hand lumbricalis and hypothesized that, at midterm, the lumbricalis (LU) bundles flexor tendons to provide a configuration of "one tendon per one finger" (Folia Morphologica 2012; 71:154). However, the study concentrated on the hand and contained no sections of near-term fetuses. The present examination of paraffin-embedded tangential sections along the planta from 25 embryos and fetuses at 6-40 weeks (15-320 mm crown-rump length or CRL) demonstrated that, at 8 weeks, the initial foot LU appeared in the proximal side of the common tendinous plate of all five deep tendons. After midterm, a drastic three phase change occurred at the muscle origin: 1) the LU originated from each of the flexor digitorum longus tendon (FDLT), but abundant tenocyte candidates separated the muscle fiber from the tendon collagen bundle; 2) the LU arose from the covering fascia depending on increased thickness of the muscle; and 3) the LU muscle fibers intermingled with tendon collagen bundles and partly surrounded the tendon. Simultaneously, a dividing site of the FDLT migrated distally to accelerate the changes at the LU origin. These phases did not always correspond to the size of fetus after 30 weeks. Consequently, in contrast to the hand LU, the delayed changes in the foot were characterized by involvement of the LU origin into a single common part of the FDLT. The quadratus plantae muscle fibers did not attach to the LU at any phase, and connected with the fourth and fifth toe tendons.
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Induction of Effector and Memory Cellular Immunity in a Patient with Long-Term Complete Molecular Response to Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Case Rep Oncol 2020; 13:990-996. [PMID: 32999661 PMCID: PMC7506382 DOI: 10.1159/000508997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This case report is about a patient who suffered from Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The blasts were positive for myeloid-lineage markers including CD13 and CD33, as well as B-cell-lineage markers. Minor bcr-abl1 mRNA was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Chromosomal abnormality monosomy 7 was also observed, in addition to Ph1. Despite treatment difficulties that were anticipated based on these findings, the patient had long-time complete molecular response (CMR) for approximately 5 years using chemotherapy and two tyrosine kinase inhibitors, imatinib and dasatinib. Lymphocytes were elevated after the patient switched from imatinib to dasatinib, and a T-cell receptor (TCR) V beta gene repertoire analysis revealed oligoclonal expansion of effector and memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), including Wilms tumor 1-specific CTLs. More specifically, the two memory CTLs expressing TCR V beta 3 and V beta 7.1 gradually increased after dasatinib administration. The activation and maintenance of anti-leukemia immunity may have allowed the patient to obtain long-time CMR. These results highlight that obtaining memory CTLs for leukemia cells may lead to safe withdrawal from dasatinib in the patient.
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Probing the Effects of Strong Electromagnetic Fields with Charge-Dependent Directed Flow in Pb-Pb Collisions at the LHC. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:022301. [PMID: 32701333 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.022301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The first measurement at the LHC of charge-dependent directed flow (v_{1}) relative to the spectator plane is presented for Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. Results are reported for charged hadrons and D^{0} mesons for the transverse momentum intervals p_{T}>0.2 GeV/c and 3<p_{T}<6 GeV/c in the 5%-40% and 10%-40% centrality classes, respectively. The difference between the positively and negatively charged hadron v_{1} has a positive slope as a function of pseudorapidity η, dΔv_{1}/dη=[1.68±0.49(stat)±0.41(syst)]×10^{-4}. The same measurement for D^{0} and D[over ¯]^{0} mesons yields a positive value dΔv_{1}/dη=[4.9±1.7(stat)±0.6(syst)]×10^{-1}, which is about 3 orders of magnitude larger than the one of the charged hadrons. These measurements can provide new insights into the effects of the strong electromagnetic field and the initial tilt of matter created in noncentral heavy ion collisions on the dynamics of light (u, d, and s) and heavy (c) quarks. The large difference between the observed Δv_{1} of charged hadrons and D^{0} mesons may reflect different sensitivity of the charm and light quarks to the early time dynamics of a heavy ion collision. These observations challenge some recent theoretical calculations, which predicted a negative and an order of magnitude smaller value of dΔv_{1}/dη for both light flavor and charmed hadrons.
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Elevation of Memory Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes, Including Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Tax-Specific and Hepatitis Virus Type C-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes, in a Patient with Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Case Rep Oncol 2020; 13:802-806. [PMID: 32884522 PMCID: PMC7443665 DOI: 10.1159/000508092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present the case of a patient who suffered from adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after obtaining a sustained virological response following treatment with a direct-acting antiviral (DAA) at different points in time. The patient went into complete remission (CR) for ATLL. Unfortunately, subsequent relapse of ATLL was observed. This situation was overcome using chemotherapy with pegylated interferon alpha-2b. Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 Tax-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were recognized after obtaining second CR, and those CTLs have been maintained for many years. After 4 years from the second CR, chronic hepatitis type C was treated with a DAA, and sustained virological response was attained. However, the occurrence of HCC was detected. Surprisingly, the tumor disappeared spontaneously. Hepatitis virus type C-specific CTLs were also detected in the patient. T-cell receptor (TCR) V beta gene repertoire analyses revealed oligoclonal expansion of effector and memory CTLs. The number of CTLs expressing the TCR V beta 13.1 has increased over the years since HCC occurrence. The activation and maintenance of anticancer cellular immunity may have allowed the patient to obtain long-term survival and overcome two lethal neoplasms.
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Evidence of Spin-Orbital Angular Momentum Interactions in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:012301. [PMID: 32678650 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.012301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The first evidence of spin alignment of vector mesons (K^{*0} and ϕ) in heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is reported. The spin density matrix element ρ_{00} is measured at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy (sqrt[s_{NN}]) of 2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector. ρ_{00} values are found to be less than 1/3 (1/3 implies no spin alignment) at low transverse momentum (p_{T}<2 GeV/c) for K^{*0} and ϕ at a level of 3σ and 2σ, respectively. No significant spin alignment is observed for the K_{S}^{0} meson (spin=0) in Pb-Pb collisions and for the vector mesons in pp collisions. The measured spin alignment is unexpectedly large but qualitatively consistent with the expectation from models which attribute it to a polarization of quarks in the presence of angular momentum in heavy-ion collisions and a subsequent hadronization by the process of recombination.
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Abstract
Background:Many blood vessels are generated in the hyperplastic synovial tissue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and lead to chronic tissue inflammation and joint destruction [1]. Janus kinase (JAK) family consisting of JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) are chain receptors which phosphorylate signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) and mediate inflammatory diseases including RA [2]. Nowadays, several JAK inhibitors such as Tofacitinib (TOF), Baricitinib (BAR) and Peficitinib (PEF) have been developed and demonstrated to have the inhibitory effects on inflammatory arthritis [3-5]. However, there were few reports concerning their effects on angiogenesis in vitro.Objectives:The purpose of the present study is to investigate the influence of JAK inhibitors on angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) activated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).Methods:The cell line of HUVECs were used for this study. The activity of proliferation and tube formation were analyzed by counting assay and tube formation assay, respectively.In counting assay, HUVECs (5 × 104cells/ml) were seeded onto 96-well cell culture plate with 20 ng/ml VEGF including various doses (0.1µM, 1µM, 5µM) of TOF, BAR or PEF. After 48 hours incubation at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2, cell proliferation of each groups was assessed using cell counting kit. In tube formation assay, HUVECs (5 × 104cells/ml) were treated with 20ng/ml VEGF including various dose (0.1µM, 1µM, 5µM) of TOF, BAR or PEF for 00 hours, then seeded onto 48-well plate applied with Matrigel. After 24 hours incubation on Matrigel, the capillary-like tube formation of each well was photographed using phase contrast microscopy. Tube formation were quantitated by measurement of the length of branch.Results:HUVECs were activated in proliferation and tube formation by VEGF treatment. And, the proliferation and tube formation of HUVECs activated by VEGF were suppressed by All of TOF, BAR and PEF. In particular, TOF and PEF could suppress them highly.Conclusion:This study showed the inhibitory effect of JAK inhibitors on proliferation and tube formation of HUVECs activated by VEGF. In particular, the angiogenesis of HUVECs activated by VEGF was highly suppressed by TOF and PEF. VEGF is reported to regulate the angiogenesis through multi JAK-STAT signaling pathways [6]. The inhibitory effects on angiogenesis of TOF, BAR and PEF might depend on the differences in their affinity for JAKs. VEGF has been shown to a have a central involvement in the angiogenic process in RA [7]. JAK inhibitors might suppress the angiogenesis in RA synovial tissues by inhibiting VEGF signaling.References:[1]Scott DL, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 2010.[2]Banerjee S, et al. JAK-STAT signaling as a target for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases: current and future prospects. Drugs. 2017.[3]William D, et al. JAK inhibitors in dermatology: the promise of a new drug class. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2017.[4]Dhillon S. Tofacitinib: A Review in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Drugs. 2017.[5]Markham A, et al. Peficitinib: First Global Approval. Drugs. 2019.[6]Zhang HY, et al. Three important components in the regeneration of the cavernous nerve: brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Asian journal of andrology. 2011.[7]Paleolog EM. Angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis research. 2002.Acknowledgments:noneDisclosure of Interests:None declared
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SAT0019 HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF SYNOVIAL TISSUE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS TREATED WITH TNF INHIBITORS. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by hyperplasia of synovial tissues [1]. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is one of the pro-inflammatory cytokines that play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of RA synovitis, and TNF inhibitors (TNFi) were reported to force the RA to go into remission or low disease activity and have brought revolutionary impacts on RA treatment [2]. TNFi have been shown to act on inflammatory cells and form the discoid fibrosis in the sublining layers [3,4]. However, the changes of synovial tissue and the cause of discoid fibrosis in RA patients treated with TNFi has not been determined in detail.Objectives:The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the histological changes and the types of cells around discoid fibrosis in RA synovium treated with TNFi.Methods:Synovial tissues were obtained from 30 patients with RA during joint surgeries. 6 patients were treated with TNFi (1 patient with golimumab, 3 patients with etanercept, 2 patients with infliximab). As a control, synovial tissues were obtained from 6 patients who were treated only with csDMARDs (6 patients with MTX). The frozen sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin (HE). To detect the apoptosis, TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) was performed. The immunohistochemical characterization of the synovial cells was performed by using following antibodies: CD20 and CD3 for detecting B and T lymphocytes respectively, CD163 and CD86 for detecting M1 and M2 macrophage respectively.Results:In the sections stained with HE, the formation of discoid fibrosis and the other characteristic changes including hydropic degeneration, vacuolation, sclerosis of small vasculature, and the number of multilayered synovial cells was decreased in synovium from RA patients treated with TNFi. In the sections with TUNEL stain, apoptosis of lining cells around the discoid fibrosis was detected in RA synovium treated with TNFi (Figure 1a, 1b). In the sections with immunohistochemistry stain, CD86 expression increased in lining layer of RA synovium treated with TNFi. CD163 positive cells showed diffuse expression in RA synovium treated with TNFi. In contrast, CD20 and CD3 positive cells decreased around discoid fibrosis compared to control sections. These results showed indicated that the types of cells in lining and sublining layers were mainly macrophages and that the apoptosis of macrophages might form the discoid fibrosis in lining layers.Conclusion:This study showed the apoptosis of lining cells derived from macrophages resulted in the formation of the discoid fibrosis. These findings indicated TNFi might induce apoptosis of macrophage leading to the suppression of RA synovitis.References:[1] Scott Dl, et al. Progression of radiological changes in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1984.[2]van der Heijde D,et al. Comparison of etanercept and methotrexate, alone and combined, in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: two-year clinical and radiographic results from the TEMPO study, a double-blind, randomized trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2006.[3] Hirohata S,et al. TNF inhibitors induce discoid fibrosis in the sublining layers of the synovium with degeneration of synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2013.[4] Yamanaka H,et al. Scoring evaluation for histopathological features of synovium in patients with rheumatoid arthritis during anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy. Rheumatol Int. 2010.Acknowledgments :This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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AB0090 DEATH RECEPTOR 3 REGULATES THE GENE EXPRESSIONS OF VARIOUS KEY MOLECULES IN RHEUMATOID SYNOVIAL FIBROBLASTS. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes hyperplasia of synovial tissue. Death receptor 3 (DR3) is a tumor necrosis factor receptor and binds to TL1A, a member of the TNF family. DR3 is involved in the mechanism of cell proliferation and apoptosis through NF-κB signaling. Suppression of DR3 in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts (RA-FLS) is associated with hyperplasia of rheumatoid synovial tissue [1]. We previously revealed the expression profiles regulated by TL1A, suggesting that TL1A might affect the pathogenesis of RA, including proliferation, regulation of B cells and T cells, inflammation, and cytokine processing [2].Objectives:In this study, we investigated the gene expression profiles regulated by DR3 in RA-FLS to reveal how DR3 is involved in the pathogenesis of RA.Methods:RA-FLS were from patients with RA. Four individual lines of primary cultured RA-FLS were incubated either with 1000 ng/ml of human DR3-Fc protein or 1000ng/ml of human IgG1 as a control for 12h. Gene expressions were detected by microarray assay.Results:Microarray data analysis revealed that DR3 up-regulated or down-regulated the expression of various genes in RA-FLS (Figure). The function of regulated genes included protein-L-isoaspartate (D-aspartate) O-methyltransferase activity, carboxyl-O-methyltransferase activity, protein carboxyl O-methyltransferase activity, regulation of cilium assembly, O-methyltransferase activity, regulation of plasma membrane bounded cell projection assembly, regulation of cell projection assembly, regulation of organelle assembly, protein methyltransferase activity, and S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase activity. The most up-regulated 2 genes by DR3 were KIAA1109 (KIAA1109), and adhesion G protein-coupled receptor A3 (ADGRA3). The most down-regulated 2 genes by DR3 were RNA exonuclease 2 (REXO2), and family with sequence similarity 120A (FAM120A).Conclusion:In this study, we first revealed the expression profiles of genes regulated by DR3 in RA-FLS. KIAA1109/TENR/IL2/IL21 gene is strongly associated with RA in European descent populations [3]. ADGRA3 is a member of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs associates with the regulation of cytoskeletal organization, the cell adhesion and migration, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and cell differentiation [4]. Loss of REXO2 affects cell growth and morphology [5], and REXO2 was identified as a target gene for inflammatory bowel disease-associated variants [6]. FAM120A regulates activity of Src kinase to protect cells from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis [7]. DR3 regulates the gene expressions of various key molecules in RA-FLS and may affect the pathogenesis of RA by regulating gene expression of RA-FLS.References:[1]Takami N. et al., Arthritis Rheuma. 2006;54:779-787.[2]Fukuda K. et al., Biomed Rep. 2019;1:1-5.[3]Teixeira VH. et al., Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2009;11:R45.[4]Hamann J. et al., Pharmacol Rev. 2015;67:338-367.[5]Bruni F, et al., PLoS One. 2013;8:e64670.[6]Hulur I, et al., BMC Genomics. 2015;16:138.[7]Tanaka M. et al., Mol Cell Biol. 2009;29:402-413.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Scattering Studies with Low-Energy Kaon-Proton Femtoscopy in Proton-Proton Collisions at the LHC. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:092301. [PMID: 32202883 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.092301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study of the strength and behavior of the antikaon-nucleon (K[over ¯]N) interaction constitutes one of the key focuses of the strangeness sector in low-energy quantum chromodynamics (QCD). In this Letter a unique high-precision measurement of the strong interaction between kaons and protons, close and above the kinematic threshold, is presented. The femtoscopic measurements of the correlation function at low pair-frame relative momentum of (K^{+}p⊕K^{-}p[over ¯]) and (K^{-}p⊕K^{+}p[over ¯]) pairs measured in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=5, 7, and 13 TeV are reported. A structure observed around a relative momentum of 58 MeV/c in the measured correlation function of (K^{-}p⊕K^{+}p[over ¯]) with a significance of 4.4σ constitutes the first experimental evidence for the opening of the (K[over ¯]^{0}n⊕K^{0}n[over ¯]) isospin breaking channel due to the mass difference between charged and neutral kaons. The measured correlation functions have been compared to Jülich and Kyoto models in addition to the Coulomb potential. The high-precision data at low relative momenta presented in this work prove femtoscopy to be a powerful complementary tool to scattering experiments and provide new constraints above the K[over ¯]N threshold for low-energy QCD chiral models.
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Surface Enhanced Visible Absorption of Dye Molecules in the Near-Field of Gold Nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3913. [PMID: 32127595 PMCID: PMC7054274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface enhanced absorption is a plasmonic effect parenting to surface enhanced fluorescence and Raman scattering, and it was clearly reported to occur in the infrared region of the spectrum of light. In this paper, we unambiguously show that it also occurs in the visible region of the spectrum by using a dye; i.e. an azo-dye, which exhibits a good light absorption in that region, and gold nanoparticles, which act as plasmonic nanoantennas that capture and re-radiate light, when the azo-dyes and the nanoparticles are incorporated in the bulk of solid films of polymer. In such a configuration, it is possible to use a dye concentration much larger than that of the nanoparticles and absorption path lengths much larger than those of the molecularly thin layers used in surface enhanced effects studies. In addition, the dye undergoes shape and orientation change; i.e. isomerization and reorientation, upon polarized light absorption; and the observation of surface enhanced visible absorption is done by two separate experiments; i.e. UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and photo-induced birefringence, since the signals detected from both experiments are directly proportional to the extinction coefficient of the dye. Both the dye's absorption and photoorientation are enhanced by the presence of the nanoparticles.
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P1526 Updated prevalence of lambls excrescences using the latest three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Lambl’s excrescences (LEs), filiform strands that occur at sites of cardiac valves, have been suggested the cause cryptogenic stroke. The diagnosis is primarily based upon the echocardiographic study, but conventional two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography has limitation to detect such as small strands. Latest three dimensional-transesophageal echocardiography (3D-TEE) have high-resolution images with many slices, so small structures are able to be clearly visible and detected.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of LEs using the latest 3D-TEE images.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed consecutive 140 patients who underwent 3D-TEE from November 2018 to May 2019. Forty-seven patients were excluded due to unmeasurable, such as mitral valve prolapse, severe aortic stenosis, prosthetic valves and poor-quality images. We carefully evaluated the mitral and aortic valve leaflets in order to find mobile string structure (diameter <1 mm and length 1–20 mm) in each cardiac cycle. Total analyzed images were over 50 slices per one patient.
Results
Among 93 patients, 83 patients (89%) was detected the presence of LEs. No difference in age and gender were found between patients with LEs and patients without LEs. Of the total 83 patients, there were 35 patients with strands on mitral valve, 32 patients with strands on aortic valve, and 16 patients with strands on both valves. Distribution of LEs at each valve leaflet were shown in Figure. Right coronary cusp of aortic valve (42%) and P2 of mitral valve (35%) were high prevalence among leaflets.
Conclusions
3D-TEE provides an update prevalence of LEs. The prevalence of LEs might be potentially high in the real world.
Abstract P1526 Figure.
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Purification and characterization of immunogenic recombinant virus-like particles of porcine circovirus type 2 expressed in silkworm pupae. J Gen Virol 2019; 99:917-926. [PMID: 29851377 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a primary causative agent of postweaningmultisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), which has a significant economic impact on the swine industry. The capsid protein (Cap) encoded by ORF2 of the viral genome has been used effectively as a vaccine against PCV2 infection. The Cap protein can spontaneously assemble into virus-like particles (VLPs) that are safe and highly immunogenic for vaccine applications. Several expression systems, including bacteria, yeast and insect cells, have been utilized to produce PCV2 VLPs. However, in some cases, the recombinant Cap (rCap) proteins produced in bacteria and yeast do not assemble spontaneously. In this study, we expressed rCap protein using a silkworm-baculovirus expression vector system (silkworm-BEVS) for mass production of PCV2 VLPs and established a simple three-step protocol for its purification from pupae: extraction by detergent, ammonium sulfate precipitation and anion exchange column chromatography. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) analysis and transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation showed that purified rCap proteins formed VLPs with a similar morphology to that of the original virus. Furthermore, the VLPs produced in silkworms were capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies against PCV2 in mice. Our results demonstrated that the silkworm system is a powerful tool for the production of PCV2 VLPs and will be useful for the development of a reliable and cost-effective PCV2 vaccine.
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Measurement of ϒ(1S) Elliptic Flow at Forward Rapidity in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:192301. [PMID: 31765217 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.192301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The first measurement of the ϒ(1S) elliptic flow coefficient (v_{2}) is performed at forward rapidity (2.5<y<4) in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The results are obtained with the scalar product method and are reported as a function of transverse momentum (p_{T}) up to 15 GeV/c in the 5%-60% centrality interval. The measured ϒ(1S)v_{2} is consistent with 0 and with the small positive values predicted by transport models within uncertainties. The v_{2} coefficient in 2<p_{T}<15 GeV/c is lower than that of inclusive J/ψ mesons in the same p_{T} interval by 2.6 standard deviations. These results, combined with earlier suppression measurements, are in agreement with a scenario in which the ϒ(1S) production in Pb-Pb collisions at LHC energies is dominated by dissociation limited to the early stage of the collision, whereas in the J/ψ case there is substantial experimental evidence of an additional regeneration component.
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