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The Relationship Between Inflammatory Processes and Apoptosis in Lumbar Disc Degeneration. World Neurosurg 2024:S1878-8750(24)00506-0. [PMID: 38548052 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.03.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD) is a common health problem in the population. There are recent studies focusing on relationship between DDD and immunological factors. However, there is still a lack of data on the role of apoptosis in DDD pathophysiology. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between Modic-type changes and the apoptosis in DDD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety adult male patients who presented with low back and/or radicular pain and were operated on due to lumbar disc herniation were included. Three groups were formed based on Modic type degeneration observed on magnetic resonance imaging. Specific parameters involved in the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis were assessed in excised disc materials using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS All three groups formed according to Modic degeneration types were homogenous in all variances. Cytochrome-C was significantly decreased only in the Modic type-3 group, whereas Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Receptor-1, B-Cell Lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) Homologous Antagonist Killer-1, Direct Inhibitor of Apoptosis-Binding Protein with Low Pi, and Bcl-2 Associated X Apoptosis Regulator levels were significantly different in both Modic type-2 and -3 groups. However, BH3 interacting domain death agonist and Bcl-2 levels were similar across all groups. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study suggests that Direct Inhibitor of Apoptosis-Binding Protein with Low Pi, cytochrome - c, Bcl-2 Associated X Apoptosis Regulator, Bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist Killer-1, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Receptor-1proteins play important roles in the development and progression of DDD and are correlated with Modic types. Further studies are needed to explore the potential therapeutic role of inhibiting these apoptotic proteins in DDD.
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Imaging of the lower punctum with anterior segment OCT in patients with dacryocystorhinostomy who underwent bicanalicular silicone tube implantation. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103850. [PMID: 37858913 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Spectral domain OCT imaging of the lower punctum in cases with silicone tube implantation OBJECTIVE: To record the structural changes in the lower punctum by performing spectral domain anterior segment OCT imaging of dacryocystorhinostomy cases who underwent bicanalicular silicone tube implantation. METHODS Thirty eyes of 30 patients who underwent bicanalicular Crawford silicone tube implantation with dacryocystorhinostomy were included in the study. The mean age of the cases was 53 ± 13.96 (24-72). Of the cases, 19 were female and 11 were male, 18 of them were operated on the right eye and 12 on the left eye. The lower punctum images of the cases were recorded with spectral domain anterior segment OCT preoperatively and at the 1st day, 1st month and 6th month after explantation of the silicone tube. In the lower punctum, external punctal width(EPW) and canaliculi depth (CD) were measured. RESULTS The mean EPW and CD measurements of the cases in the preoperative period, respectively; 544.90±144.11 µm and 451.70±197.45 µm. First day after silicone tube explantation, EPW was 818.00±186.83 µm and CD was 735.35±337.15 µm, at 1st month EPW was 665.95±142.12 µm and CD was 619.30±212.11 µm and at 6th months EPW was 530±150.29 µm and CD was 558.45±254.37 µm, respectively. Mean EPW values were found to be higher on the first day after extubation than before surgery (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean EPW values at the first and sixth months after extubation compared to pre-implantation (p>0.05). The mean CD values were higher at the 1st day, 1st month and 6th month after tube explantation than preoperative CD values, they were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS According to the lower punctum OCT imaging data, silicone tube implantations applied to the canalicular system do not create a structurally significant difference in the lower punctum. The punctal opening gradually decreases after extubation. The decrease in EPW values is more pronounced than the decrease in CD values. Silicone tube implantation was more effective in maintaining canaliculi depth compared to external punctal diameter.
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Can TRIF/TICAM-1 Dependent Pathway be Target Pathway in Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration? Turk Neurosurg 2023; 33:804-810. [PMID: 36951033 DOI: 10.5137/1019-5149.jtn.42287-22.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
AIM To elucidate the role of the TIR-domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-? (TRIF) dependent pathway in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of adult male patients with low back pain (LBP) (+/- radicular pain) were further evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with surgical indication for microscopic lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Preoperatively, patients were classified according to Modic Changes (MC), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use, and the presence of radicular pain in addition to the LBP. RESULTS The age of the 88 patients ranged from 19 to 75 years (mean: 47.3 ± 19.6 years). Twenty eight of the patients were evaluated as MC I (31.8%), 40 as MC II (45.4%), and 20 as MC III (22.7%). The majority of patients (81.8%) had radicular LBP, while 16 patients (18.1%) had only LBP. Predominantly, 55.6% of all patients were taking NSAIDs. Levels of all adaptor molecules were highest in the MC I group and lowest in the MC III group. The levels of IRF3, TICAM1, TICAM2, NF-kB p65, TRAF6, and TLR4 were significantly increased in the MC I group compared to the MC II and MC III groups. The variations of the individual adaptor molecules showed no statistically significant difference in the use of NSAIDs and radicular LBP. CONCLUSION As a result of the impact assessment, the current study clearly demonstrated for the first time that the TRIFdependent signalling pathway plays a crucial role in the degeneration process in human lumbar intervertebral disc specimens.
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Role of the MyD88 Dependent Pathway in Degenerative Disc Disease. Turk Neurosurg 2023; 33:1005-1011. [PMID: 37144651 DOI: 10.5137/1019-5149.jtn.42017-22.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM To define the substantial role of the TLR4 signaling pathway in the MyD88-dependent pathway, and to evaluate the results of TLR4 activation in nucleus pulposus cells. Moreover, we aim to associate this pathway with intervertebral disc degeneration and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Additionally, the clinical differences among patients and the effects of their drug use will be evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty-eight adult male patients with lower back pain and sciatica underwent MRI studies, which showed degenerative changes. Disc materials were obtained intraoperatively from those who underwent surgery for lumbar disc herniation. These materials were kept in freezers at ?80°C without any delay. Then, the collected materials were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS Modic type I degeneration had the highest values of all markers, whereas Modic type III degeneration had the lowest values. These results verified that this pathway plays an active role in MD. Moreover, contrary to the current knowledge on which Modic type inflammation is more dominant, we showed that it is the Modic type I phase. CONCLUSION The most intense inflammatory process was observed in Modic type 1 degeneration, and the MyD88-dependent pathway was found to play a key role. While the most intense molecular increase was detected in Modic type 1 degeneration, the lowest levels were observed in Modic type III degeneration. It has been observed that the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs affects the inflammatory process through the MyD88 molecule.
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The effects of melatonin and thymoquinone on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 121:753-759. [PMID: 32955909 DOI: 10.4149/bll_2020_123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the protective effects of thymoquinone and melatonin on the heart against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. BACKGROUND Melatonin and thymoquinone may play an important role in cardiotoxicity. METHODS The subjects were divided into four groups: Control (physiological serum on 5th day), Doxorubicin (DXR), Doxorubicin+Melatonin (DXR+MEL, 10 mg/kg melatonin, intraperitoneally), and Doxorubicin+Thymoquinone (DXR+TQ, 50 mg/kg thymoquinone, orally). On the 5th day of the experiment, all groups were injected with 45 mg/kg DXR into the tail vein. On the 8th day of the experiment, ECG recordings were performed under anaesthesia. RESULTS Thymoquinone reduced the PR, QRS and QTc intervals, which were increased by DXR, while melatonin only reduced the QTc interval. Melatonin had a protective effect against the histopathological changes induced by DXR, while TQ did not demonstrate such an effect. DXR increased CK-MB, IL-6, MDA, IL-1, IL-18 levels and decreased SOD in the cardiac tissue. MEL reduced the levels of CK-MB, MDA, NO, SOD, IL-1, IL-6, IL-18. Meanwhile, TQ only reduced CK-MB, IL-1 and IL-18. CONCLUSION Our study showed that DXR induces cardiac injury and that melatonin improves biochemical parameters and offers histological protection; while thymoquinone improves ECG parameters and causes partial recovery of biochemical parameters (Tab. 4, Fig. 2, Ref. 41).
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Comparative Analysis of NF-κB in the MyD88-Mediated Pathway After Implantation of Titanium Alloy and Stainless Steel and the Role of Regulatory T Cells. World Neurosurg 2020; 144:e138-e148. [PMID: 32781150 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Development of immunologically smart implants, integrated to biological systems, is a key aim to minimize the inflammatory response of the host to biomaterial implants. METHODS The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of titanium alloy and stainless steel implants on immunological responses in rats by comparative analysis of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) profiles in the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways and the role of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+. RESULTS Both Ti alloy and stainless steel alloy group implantation affect Toll-like receptors-4 pathways and CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in different ways. CONCLUSIONS Results show that NF-κB/p65 and NF-κB1/p50 possess potential as a therapeutic target in the prevention of adverse reactions to metal, especially for controlling inflammation after the implantation.
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Assessment of the temporal crest canal using cone-beam computed tomography. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 58:199-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the progress in the treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI), current curative approaches fail to provide adequate treatment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of thymosin-β-4(Tβ4) on an ischemic AKI model in rats. METHODS Rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 8/group): The control group (sham-operated), the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group; renal ischemia (90 min) by infrarenal abdominal aortic occlusion followed by reperfusion (3 h), the Tβ4 + I/R group; treated with Tβ4 before I/R, and the I/Tβ4/R group; treated with Tβ4 just before reperfusion. Besides renal function determination (creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)); histological evaluation was also conducted. Renal tissue caspase-9, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) activities, and hyaluronan levels were measured. Additionally, renal tissue oxidative stress (lipid hydroperoxide, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance, ferric reducing antioxidant power, nitric oxide), inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, nuclear factor-κβ) were evaluated. RESULTS I/R increased the level of caspase-9, MMP-9 activity, and hyaluronan (p < 0.001) and these were significantly decreased in both Tβ4 groups. Moreover, I/R led to increases in oxidative stress and inflammation parameters (p < 0.001) while the levels of antioxidants were decreased. Nevertheless, Tβ4 in both groups were able to restore oxidative stress and inflammation parameters. Furthermore, Tβ4 attenuated histologic injury caused by I/R (p < 0.01) and diminished serum urea-creatinine levels (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION These results suggest that Tβ4 has significant improving effects in ischemic acute kidney injury. This beneficial effect might be a result of the inhibition of extracellular matrix remodeling and apoptosis cascade via modulation in renal redox status and inflammation.
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Oxidative stress in lymphoid tissues and complement activation in alcoholic mother rats and their newborns. Gen Physiol Biophys 2019; 38:91-100. [PMID: 30657461 DOI: 10.4149/gpb_2018018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to ethanol under chronic conditions using the gavage method to assess the complement activation and effects of oxidative stress on fetus lymphoid organs and liver. The effects were monitored on both the 10th (G10) and the 30th (G30) day of the offspring of alcoholic mother rats. Maternal ethanol caused a significant decrease in the glutathione level, whereas malondialdehyde and carbonyl levels increased in the liver and lymphoid tissues. Na+,K+-ATPase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities in these organs also decreased. Furthermore, complement C3 and C5 activities of G10 and G30 groups were significantly higher compared with those of the control group. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that alcohol was capable of triggering damage to the membranes of the liver and lymphoid tissues of G10 and G30 groups, and C3 and C5 contributed to the development of alcohol-induced fetal tissue injury.
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Effect of temperature, viscosity and surface tension on gelatine structures produced by modified 3D printer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/293/1/012001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
AIM To investigate immunologic reactions after implantation of stainless steel (SS) alloy and titanium (Ti) alloy in a rat model. Macrophage and cytokine responses have been reported after the in vivo and in vitro application of different biomaterials. MATERIAL AND METHODS Wistar albino rats after an exploration of the thoracolumbar paravertebral muscle tissue of the subjects, group I underwent a sham surgery, and groups II and III were implanted Ti alloy and SS alloy rods respectively. The CD4, CD8, CD25 (IL-2R) (lymphocyte and CD4 gate), CD4+CD8+ and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ (Tregs), IL-4, IL-10, IL-6, IL-17A, TGF-β, TNF-α in the blood were analyzed. RESULTS CD4, CD25 (IL-2R), CD4+CD8+ and Tregs levels were lower in the Group III compared to the sham and Group IIs. IL-6, IL-17A, TGF-β and TNF-α levels in the G III showed a significant increase on all days in comparison with the sham and Group II. IL-4 and IL-10 levels, were lower in the Group III than those in the Group II; and a significant decrease was observed in the IL-10 level. While there was a reduction in IL-6 and IL-17A levels in the Group II as opposed to the sham group. CONCLUSION As opposed to SS alloy, Ti alloy suppresses the development of inflammations by inhibiting proinflammatory response; strengthens the humoral immune system by intensifying the antibody-dependent immune response; triggers the development of immune tolerance by regulating the immune response; and activates the mechanism that prevents immune response-related damage from occurring.
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Epicardial fat thickness is associated with severity of disease in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2016; 20:4508-4515. [PMID: 27874948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the BODE index is an important tool for the prognostic assessment of COPD patients. It is well known that epicardial fat thickness (EFT) is related to CVD. However, there are very few data about the relationship between EFT and BODE index. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between EFT and BODE index in patients with COPD. PATIENTS AND METHODS We prospectively included 157 patients with COPD and 45 controls in the present study. All patients underwent pulmonary function tests and six-minute walking test. EFT and other echocardiographic parameters were measured using transthoracic echocardiography on admission. Patients were divided into four quartiles according to the BODE index scores (Quartile-1 (Q1): 0-2 points; Quartile-2 (Q2): 3-4 points; Quartile-3 (Q3): 5-6 points; Quartile-4 (Q4): 7-10 points). High sensitive C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) and other biochemical parameters were measured in all participants. RESULTS COPD patients had higher EFT values compared with control group (p<0.05). When COPD patients were classified according to BODE index quartiles, the highest EFT values were observed in Q1 compared with other quartiles (p<0.05, for all). EFT values showed a decreasing trend from Q1 to Q4. Furthermore, EFT was independently associated with BODE index (β=0.405, p<0.001), Hs-CRP (β=0.300, p<0.001) and diabetes (β=0.338, p<0.001) in multivariate linear regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that EFT is independently and negatively associated with the severity of disease as indicated by BODE index in patients with COPD.
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Comparative Analysis of Tear Film Levels of Inflammatory Mediators in Contact Lens Users. Curr Eye Res 2015; 41:441-7. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1037001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Examination of changes in the immune system in rats exposed to different doses of lithium for a long‐term period (876.4). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.876.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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How analgesia-sedation alters monocyte mCD14 and HLA-DR levels in patients undergoing cerebral angiography? Turk Neurosurg 2013; 23:791-5. [PMID: 24310464 DOI: 10.5137/1019-5149.jtn.8218-13.0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to evaluate how analgesia-sedation causes alterations of HLA-DR and cytokines (IL-10 and IL-6) in patients undergoing cerebral angiography for several cerebral vascular diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study includes 41 males who underwent cerebral angiography. The study sample was divided into two: Group I had 7 patients who did not receive and group II had 34 patients who received analgesia-sedation before cerebral angiography. A venous blood sample was collected before and after cerebral angiography. RESULTS Analgesia-sedation caused significant increase CD4+ and CD19 T lymphocytes (p < 0.001) but group I showed significant increase in CD40, CD154, and MHC-II levels (p < 0.001) after cerebral angiography. CONCLUSION We suggest that the effects of fentanyl and midazolam on the immune response are the reflection of the effects by the monocyte, mHLA-DR expression. In the future, depending on the immunological status of the patients, different anesthetic applications including the new anesthetic agents that will be able to decrease immune system suppression will be required.
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N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels and abnormal left ventricle geometric patterns in untreated hypertensive patients. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht309.p4129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and extent and complexity of coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht310.p5520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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NT-proBNP is associated with SYNTAX score and aortic distensibility in patients with stable CAD. Herz 2013; 38:922-7. [PMID: 23483221 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-013-3767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A high N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level provides significant prognostic information on patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). It is unclear whether aortic distensibility (AD), which reflects the aortic stiffness, and the extent and complexity of CAD, assessed with the SYNTAX score (SS), affect the secretion of NT-proBNP in stable CAD. We aimed to investigate the relationship between NT-proBNP levels and AD as well as with the extent and complexity of CAD in stable CAD patients. METHODS The study included 411 patients with stable CAD (mean age = 61.7 ± 9.9 years, male/female = 247/164). The patients were divided into two groups according to the median NT-proBNP value (NT-proBNPlow group < 114 pg/ml and NT-proBNPhigh group ≥ 114 pg/ml). AD was calculated from the echocardiographically derived ascending aorta diameters and hemodynamic pressure measurements. Coronary angiography was performed and SS was determined in all patients. NT-proBNP and other biochemical markers were measured in all subjects. RESULTS The AD and ejection fraction values of the NT-proBNPhigh group were lower and their SS levels were higher compared with those from the NT-proBNPlow group (p < 0.05, for all). The NT-proBNP level was independently associated with AD (β = -0.378, p < 0.001), SS (β = 0.262, p < 0.001), and ejection fraction (β = - 0.295, p < 0.001) on multiple linear regression analysis. CONCLUSION NT-proBNP was independently associated with an impaired elastic property of the aorta and with the extent and complexity of CAD as well as with left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
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Serum uric acid and slow coronary flow in cardiac syndrome X. Herz 2013; 38:544-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00059-012-3735-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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The anticancer mechanism of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE): review of melanomas, lung and prostate cancers. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2012; 16:2064-2068. [PMID: 23280020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis extract, specifically inhibits NF-κB. It exhibits antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiproliferative, cytostatic, and most importantly, antineoplastic properties. AIM The aim of the present mini-review is to summarize and evaluate the anticancer mechanism of CAPE with examples of several cancer types. RESULTS In view of the mechanisms and findings in our laboratory and those of others in literature, we suggest that CAPE possess anticancer and apoptosis inducing activities. CONCLUSIONS Further researches are needed regarding the anticancer basis of CAPE in all disciplines of medicine. Also, clinical potential toxicities of CAPE should be revealed if it is going to be used as an anticancer agent.
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Corneal endothelium after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty and penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus: a four-year comparative study. Indian J Ophthalmol 2012; 60:35-40. [PMID: 22218243 PMCID: PMC3263242 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.90490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the status of corneal endothelium and central corneal thickness within the first four postoperative years after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in patients with keratoconus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-nine eyes (Group A) which had PK and 44 eyes (Group B) which had DALK for the treatment of keratoconus were included in this retrospective study. The endothelial cell density (ECD), the mean endothelial cell area and the coefficient of variation of cell area were assessed with a non-contact specular microscope, and the central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured with an ultrasound pachymeter. RESULTS Mean ECD loss rate at two years was 36.24% in Group A and 18.12% in Group B (P<0.001). Mean ECD loss rate at four years was 47.82% in Group A and 21.62% in Group B (P<0.001). Mean annual ECD loss rate was calculated 14.12% per year in Group A and 5.78% per year in Group B. In the PK group, increase in mean CCT was 15.60% in two years and 15.03% in four years, while in the DALK group, mean CCT increased by 8.05% in two years and 9.31% in four years. CONCLUSIONS As the majority of ectatic disorders such as keratoconus occur in young people, long-term endothelial cell survival following treatment with keratoplasty is essential for the long-term visual ability. Our finding that corneal endothelial cell loss in the DALK group occurs at a slower rate than in the PK group suggests DALK as a safer alternative to PK in these selected patients.
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Changing of alcohol-induced oxidative stress and cytokine levels in alcoholic pregnant rats and their offspring. J Reprod Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2012.03.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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The relationship between amniotic fluid and serum cytokines levels with CD146 in women with preterm labor risk. J Reprod Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2012.03.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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The effects of analgesia-sedation on the immune system before and after cerebral digital subtraction angiography. Turk Neurosurg 2011; 22:398. [PMID: 21845569 DOI: 10.5137/1019-5149.jtn.4296-11.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Cerebral digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is an invasive procedure and may cause inflammatory responses in the body. This study aims to provide cytokine and lymphocyte profile in a population of patients underwent cerebral DSA. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-one male patients who admitted for cerebral DSA were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups: Group I (n = 7) included patients who did not receive analgesia-sedation and group II (n = 34) received analgesia-sedation before procedure. For the molecules, a venous blood samples from every patient was collected before and after cerebral DSA. RESULTS Cytokine levels in group I showed a trend to increase in the majority of the molecules after the procedure except IL-1β. In group II, cytokines showed variable trend. When comparing the two groups regarding cytokine levels after cerebral DSA, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-γ levels increased significantly in group II. Comparing the two groups with respect to lymphocytes after cerebral DSA showed that CD56 levels were significantly higher in group II and other parameters did not show significant differences. CONCLUSION It can be possible that delimitation of the action(s) of the cytokines affecting the secretion or activation of CD56 (natural killer) may avoid complications of inflammation after invasive procedures.
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Relationship between lymphocytes, IL2 and the hormones E2, LH, PRG and FSH in menopausal and postmenopausal women. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66:304-9. [PMID: 21443747 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.00990.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM In this baseline study, our aim is to show the relationship of parameters and gonad hormones in menopausal and postmenopausal women. METHOD Blood samples were taken from menopausal and postmenopausal women (12-14 months and ≥10 years, respectfully, since their last menstruation). Adolescents aged 13.7 ± 0.7 were used as controls. Hormones were measured by ELISA and percentages of CD45, CD4, CD8, CD3, CD19, IL-2, CD25 and HLA-DR were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS Both groups showed an increase in the percentage of CD3, CD4 and CD8. Levels of CD19 were significantly lower in the postmenopausal group. However, changes in immunologic parameters during menopause were less marked than the hormonal changes observed in these groups. Most of the correlations LH × CD3 (-ve), LH × IL2R (-ve) and E2 × CD19 (+ve) suggesting how menopausal women with particularly high LH or low E2 levels may be affected. Only CD3 and HLA-DR correlated with the hormonal changes in the postmenopausal group. IL-2 levels were high in the menopausal group and low in the postmenopausal group; however, no correlation was observed. DISCUSSION Menopause is characterized by increased levels of IL-2, which has critical immune-modulatory effects. These changes may be related to the overall hormonal change process observed during menopause.
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Abstract
AIM Lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a common disease of advanced age characterized by progressive changes in the intervertebral disc and associated structures. There have been great efforts for years to explain its pathophysiological mechanism(s). This study aims to provide cytokine profile and in addition to the lymphocytes in a population of patients with lumbar DDD. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-six patients whose clinical and radiological features were suggestive of lumbar DDD that underwent surgery and 14 autopsy cases as control were included. Patient disc samples were obtained during surgery whilst disc materials were collected during autopsy procedures from the controls. Major cytokines and lymphocytes were studied by using the flow cytometry method. RESULTS Significantly higher levels in disc samples in relation to IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, CD8, CD56, CD19, and CD40 were found in the patients compared to the controls. Positive correlations were shown between CD3/CD4, CD25/CD3, CD25/CD4, CD19/CD4 but negative correlations were shown between CD19/CD3 and CD25/CD19 in both groups. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that both local inflammatory responses occur in lumbar DDD. Using specific cytokines either by local or systemic application may reverse the degenerative process.
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Pregnancy-associated exosomes and their modulation of T cell signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:1534-42. [PMID: 16424182 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.3.1534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Exosome release by viable cells is a feature of activated cell types, including tumors, fetal cells, and cells of the immune system. Exosomes critically regulate immune activation, by mediating activation-induced cell death. Fetal cells may mimic these events to selectively delete reactive lymphocytes. In this study the presence and composition of placenta-derived exosomes are demonstrated in the maternal circulation along with their consequences on T cell activation markers. For all pregnant patients, exosomes were isolated from sera obtained between 28 and 30 wk gestation. For pregnant women, subsequently delivering at term, circulating levels of placental exosomes were 1.8 times greater than those delivering preterm (p < 0.0001). Exosomes isolated from pregnancies subsequently delivering at term expressed significantly higher levels of biologically active components, including Fas ligand (FasL) and HLA-DR, than those from pregnancies delivering preterm. Standardizing for protein concentrations, exosomes from term-delivering pregnancies exhibited greater suppression of CD3-zeta and JAK3 than those delivering preterm. The suppression of CD3-zeta and JAK3 correlated with exosome expression levels of FasL (r2= 0.92 and r2= 0.938, respectively). Fractionation of exosomes from term-delivering pregnancies by continuously eluting electrophoresis indicated that intact 42 kD FasL and an unidentified 24-kDa protein were associated with CD3-zeta suppression. Our results demonstrated that exosomes from pregnancies ultimately delivering at term are present at significantly greater concentrations than those from pregnancies delivering preterm; however, exosomes from term-delivering pregnancies also exhibit significantly greater suppression of CD3-zeta and JAK3.
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HSP-10 in ovarian cancer: expression and suppression of T-cell signaling. Gynecol Oncol 2006; 101:481-6. [PMID: 16386781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2005] [Revised: 11/07/2005] [Accepted: 11/09/2005] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suppressed T-cell activation is a hallmark of advanced ovarian cancer. Studies in pregnancy have demonstrated similar T-cell dysfunction mediated, at least in part, by HSP10, identified as "early pregnancy factor." This pilot study addresses the presence of HSP10 in the circulation of ovarian cancer patients and assesses its role in suppressing CD3-zeta. METHODS Sera were obtained from ovarian cancer patients (n = 10) and age-matched noncancer-bearing female controls (n = 9). HSP10 presence was determined semiquantitatively by Western immunoblotting in sera, ascites, and ovarian tumor cell conditioned media. The consequences of HSP10 on CD3-zeta suppression were defined using a Jurkat cell bioassay, using unfractionated patient sera, sera with HSP10 removed by immunoprecipitation and the immunoprecipitate. RESULTS HSP10 was detected in both sera and ascites of patients with ovarian cancer; however, it was not detectable in controls. HSP10 was also detected in the culture media of ovarian tumor cells. Sera containing HSP10 suppressed T-cell CD3-zeta expression, which correlated with HSP10 levels (r2 = 0.839). When HSP10 was removed from the sera, the ability to suppress CD3-zeta was diminished and the immunoprecipitated material was capable of suppressing CD3-zeta. CONCLUSIONS HSP10 appears to be produced and released from ovarian tumor cells and is detectable in the peripheral blood and ascites of patients. This circulating HSP10 appears to suppress T-cell expression of CD3-zeta, a key component of T-cell activation. Our findings indicate that, as in pregnancy, production and release of HSP10 may be a critical factor in the suppression of T-cell activation, allowing the tumor to escape immune surveillance.
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Spontaneous bilateral femoral neck fractures in a young adult with chronic renal failure. Acta Orthop Belg 2003; 69:82-5. [PMID: 12666297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Pathologic femoral neck fracture due to renal osteodystrophy is rare. We report the case of a young adult patient with chronic renal failure who presented with bilateral spontaneous femoral neck fractures due to renal osteodystrophy. The pathophysiology of renal osteodystrophy and the treatment of hip fractures in patients with renal failure is discussed.
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Delirium associated with the combination of a neuroleptic, an SSRI, and benztropine. J Clin Psychiatry 1994; 55:492-5. [PMID: 7989283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND On the basis of recent findings, the increased use of serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in combination with antipsychotics and concomitant benztropine is likely. METHOD Five patients who developed delirium while receiving a neuroleptic, an SSRI, and benztropine are described. RESULTS The timing of the delirium in relation to drug administration suggests the delirium was the result of an interaction of the SSRI and benztropine. CONCLUSION Possible mechanisms are explored. Clinicians should be aware that patients receiving this combination may be at increased risk for delirium.
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