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Ticona Chambi J, Fandaruff C, Cuffini SL. Identification and quantification techniques of polymorphic forms - A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 242:116038. [PMID: 38428367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
In the pharmaceutical industry, the unexpected appearance of crystalline forms could impact the therapeutic efficacy of an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API). For quality control, a thorough qualitative and quantitative monitoring of pharmaceutical solid forms is essential to ensure the detection and the quantification of crystalline forms, wither different or with the same chemical composition (polymorphs) at a low detection level. The purpose of this paper was to review and highlight the importance of choosing adequate solid-state techniques for detection and quantification APIs that present polymorphism - based on limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), pharmacopeias specifications, international guidelines and studies reported in the literature. To this study, the powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Infrared and Raman spectroscopies and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were the solid-state techniques analyzed. Additionally, the Argentine, Brazilian, British, European, International, Japanese, Mexican and the United States of America pharmacopeias were reviewed. Based on the analysis performed, the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques, as well as the LOD and LOQ values of APIs were reported. In comparison to these solid-state techniques, reference material used for identification analyses should be previously identified with the corresponding polymorph. Without this previous procedure, the patterns, the spectra, and DSC curves of the reference material can only be used to confirm the mixture of solid forms, not being able to specify which polymorphs are contained in the sample. A major advantage of PXRD is the use of the calculated diffraction patterns obtained from the Crystallographic Information Frameworks (CIFs) files which could be used as a reference pattern without any other information, assistance technique, or physical standards. Regarding the quantification aspect, different pharmacopeias suggest various methods such as the PXRD combining with Rietveld method, which can be used to obtain lower LOD values for minority phases in the mixture of different substances without the need for a calibration curve. Raman spectroscopy can detect polymorphs in small particles and solid-state NMR spectroscopy is a powerful technique for quantification not only crystalline but also crystalline-amorphous mixtures. Finally, this review intends to be a useful tool to control, with efficiency and accuracy, the polymorphism of APIs in pharmaceutical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Ticona Chambi
- Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Materiais, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia (ICT), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Cinira Fandaruff
- Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Materiais, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia (ICT), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil; Laboratório de Micro e Nanotecnologia, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos /Farmanguinhos (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Silvia Lucia Cuffini
- Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Materiais, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia (ICT), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brasil.
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Ticona Chambi J, Deris Prado L, Ferreira de Carvalho Patricio B, Ceballos M, Bianco I, Fandaruff C, Antunes Rocha HV, Kuznetsov A, Lucia Cuffini S. Quantitative analysis and evaluation of solid-state stability of mebendazole Forms A and C suspensions by powder X-ray diffraction using the Rietveld method. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123721. [PMID: 38110011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Mebendazole (MBZ) is a broad-spectrum active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) indicated for treating parasitosis, and it has three solid-state forms, A, B, and C. These solid forms exhibit significant differences in dissolution properties, which cause considerable changes in the therapeutic effect. When at least 30 % of Form A is present in the formulation, it has a similar effect to the placebo. The aim of this study was to develop a reliable quantitative method for MBZ (Forms A and C) suspensions that allowed to study the solid-state stability and the kinetics of the solid-state transformation of MBZ suspensions under the recommended pharmaceutical industry conditions. One method was developed to carry out the drying process and the other one to quantify Forms A and C of MBZ suspensions; both were evaluated. For the stability study, samples were prepared with different starting reference concentrations of Form A and stored from 1 to 24 months under long-term stability conditions (30 ± 2 °C and 75 ± 5 % RH) and from 1 to 6 months under accelerated stability conditions (40 ± 2 °C and 75 ± 5 % RH). Data collection was performed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The Rietveld method (RM) and Topas's program were used to solid form quantification. Avrami's equation was used to determine the kinetic parameters. The results showed that the combination of the drying process and solid form quantification developed method for suspension was a very accurate methodology for solid-state stability studies. Furthermore, in long-term and accelerated solid-state conditions, suspension with an initial value of 1 % of Form A were sufficient to cause a solid-state transformation (Form C to A) greater than 30 % in the first and second months, with a complete transformation in nine and six months respectively. These results demonstrate that suspensions show complete solid-state transformation (Form C to A) in a shorter time than the product's shelf life (∼2 years). In this work, a reliable methodology was developed to quantify MBZ (Forms A and C) suspensions. This methodology could be used to control the different solid forms for MBZ and other APIs to avoid solid-state transformation problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Ticona Chambi
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia (ICT), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil.
| | - Livia Deris Prado
- Laboratório de Micro e Nanotecnologia, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos /Farmanguinhos (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Ceballos
- Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de la Provincia de Córdoba (CEPROCOR), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ismael Bianco
- Centro de Excelencia en Productos y Procesos de la Provincia de Córdoba (CEPROCOR), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cinira Fandaruff
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia (ICT), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; Laboratório de Micro e Nanotecnologia, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos /Farmanguinhos (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helvécio V Antunes Rocha
- Laboratório de Micro e Nanotecnologia, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos /Farmanguinhos (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexei Kuznetsov
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMETRO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvia Lucia Cuffini
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia (ICT), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil.
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Shultz JD, Leonardi GR, Bertolino SRA, Cuffini SL, Mohd H, Caritá AC, Luiz-Silva W, Shah P, Chambi WGT, Michniak-Kohn B. Design and development of raw clay-based formulations emulsions loaded with ascorbyl glucoside, in vitro evaluations on topical delivery and cell viability. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2023.2178452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jemima Daniela Shultz
- Medicine Department, Graduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Center for Dermal Research, The State University of New Jersey – Rutgers, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gislaine Ricci Leonardi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Campinas - Unicamp, Rua Cândido Portinari, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia Lucia Cuffini
- Graduate Program in Material Science Engineering, Federal University of São Paulo, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Hana Mohd
- Center for Dermal Research, The State University of New Jersey – Rutgers, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Amanda Costa Caritá
- Medicine Department, Graduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wanilson Luiz-Silva
- Department of Geology and Natural Resources, University of Campinas, Institute of Geosciences, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Parinbhai Shah
- Center for Dermal Research, The State University of New Jersey – Rutgers, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Wilma Gladis Ticona Chambi
- Carrera de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés UMSA, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Bozena Michniak-Kohn
- Center for Dermal Research, The State University of New Jersey – Rutgers, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Fandaruff C, Caon T, Araya-Sibaja AM, Rauber GS, Silva MAS, Simões CMO, de Campos CEM, Bortoluzzi AJ, Resende JALC, Cuffini SL. A New Saquinavir Mesylate-Sodium Decyl Sulfate Salt Discovered by Serendipity during an Anomalous Dissolution Test. Pharm Res 2022; 39:189-200. [PMID: 35064418 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the anomalous behavior of Saquinavir Mesylate (SQVM) in sodium decyl sulfate (SDS) medium during a dissolution test through a crystallographic analysis of the crystal obtained. As a result, it will be possible to elucidate its crystal structure and carry out a complete solid-state characterization of the API. METHODS The solid form obtained was characterized by a structural analysis through X-ray single crystal and powder diffraction. The crystallographic structures of the new salt and the SQVM were compared. In addition, a complete solid-state characterization of SQVM raw material was carried out by techniques such as diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and a dissolution method. RESULTS A new salt consisting of SQVM and SDS was crystallized and its crystal structure was elucidated and reported herein for the first time. The anionic part of SDS interacts with the cationic segment of SQVM to obtain a new salt designated as SQV-DS, which precipitates. The main difference between the two structures occurs in the c-axis expansion, which increases from 15.966 (5) to 21.1924 (14), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Some of the strategies to enhance the dissolution rate of poorly aqueous soluble APIs include the use of surfactants such as SDS in the dissolution medium, as well as in the formulated products. However, there have been constant reports of a dissolution rate slowdown by some surfactants. The interaction mechanisms between the APIs and the dissolution medium containing surfactants need to be carefully investigated in current pharmaceutical formulations. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinira Fandaruff
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Caon
- Laboratório de Farmacotécnica e Cosmetologia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Schneider Rauber
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio Segatto Silva
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Maria Oliveira Simões
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Adailton João Bortoluzzi
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Cristalografia, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia Lucia Cuffini
- Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciências dos Materiais, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São José dos Campos, Brazil
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Moraes JDD, Bertolino SRA, Cuffini SL, Ducart DF, Bretzke PE, Leonardi GR. Clay minerals: Properties and applications to dermocosmetic products and perspectives of natural raw materials for therapeutic purposes-A review. Int J Pharm 2017; 534:213-219. [PMID: 29038067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Clay minerals are layered materials with a number of peculiar properties, which find many relevant applications in various industries. Since they are easily found everywhere, they are particularly attractive due to their economic viability. In the cosmetic industry, clay minerals are often used as excipients to stabilize emulsions or suspensions and to modify the rheological behavior of these systems. They also play an important role as adsorbents or absorbents, not only in cosmetics but also in other industries, such as pharmaceuticals. This reviewer believes that since this manuscript is presented as covering topical applications that include pharmaceuticals, some types of clay minerals should be considered as a potential material to be used as drug delivery systems. We review several applications of clay minerals to dermocosmetic products, relating them to the underlying properties of these materials and exemplifying with a number of clay minerals available in the market. We also discuss the use of clay minerals in topically-applied products for therapeutic purposes, specially for skin treatment and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemima Daniela Dias Moraes
- Medicine Department, Graduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 720-2° Floor, 01039032, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Silvia Lucia Cuffini
- Graduate Program in Material Science Engineering, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Talim, 330, 12231-280, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Diego Fernando Ducart
- Institute of de Geosciences, University of Campinas - Unicamp, Rua João Pandiá Calógeras, 51, 13083-870, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Eriberto Bretzke
- Nucleus of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Investigations, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, University of Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458 - Centro, 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil.
| | - Gislaine Ricci Leonardi
- Medicine Department, Graduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 720-2° Floor, 01039032, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Campinas - Unicamp, Rua Cândido Portinari, 200, 13083-859, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Carvalho AMG, Araújo DHC, Canova HF, Rodella CB, Barrett DH, Cuffini SL, Costa RN, Nunes RS. X-ray powder diffraction at the XRD1 beamline at LNLS. J Synchrotron Radiat 2016; 23:1501-1506. [PMID: 27787257 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577516012686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Various upgrades have been completed at the XRD1 beamline at the Brazilian synchrotron light source (LNLS). The upgrades are comprehensive, with changes to both hardware and software, now allowing users of the beamline to conduct X-ray powder diffraction experiments with faster data acquisition times and improved quality. The main beamline parameters and the results obtained for different standards are presented, showing the beamline ability of performing high-quality experiments in transmission geometry. XRD1 operates in the 5.5-14 keV range and has a photon flux of 7.8 × 109 photons s-1 (with 100 mA) at 12 keV, which is one of the typical working energies. At 8 keV (the other typical working energy) the photon flux at the sample position is 3.4 × 1010 photons s-1 and the energy resolution ΔE/E = 3 × 10-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M G Carvalho
- Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron, CNPEM, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - D H C Araújo
- Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron, CNPEM, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - H F Canova
- Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron, CNPEM, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - C B Rodella
- Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron, CNPEM, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - D H Barrett
- Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron, CNPEM, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - S L Cuffini
- ICT, UNIFESP, São José dos Campos, SP 12231-280, Brazil
| | - R N Costa
- ICT, UNIFESP, São José dos Campos, SP 12231-280, Brazil
| | - R S Nunes
- Unidade Acadêmica de Física, UFCG, Campina Grande, PB 58429-900, Brazil
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Kuminek G, Rodríguez-Hornedo N, Siedler S, Rocha HVA, Cuffini SL, Cardoso SG. How cocrystals of weakly basic drugs and acidic coformers might modulate solubility and stability. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5832-5. [PMID: 27042997 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00898d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cocrystals of a weakly basic drug (nevirapine) with acidic coformers are shown to alter the solubility dependence on pH, and to exhibit a pHmax above which a less soluble cocrystal becomes more soluble than the drug. The cocrystal solubility advantage can be dialed up or down by solution pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kuminek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Araya-Sibaja AM, Soldi V, de Campos CEM, Cardoso SG, Cuffini SL. Crystal growth of progesterone metastable and stable polymorphs by polymer induced herteronucleation (PIHn) method. Crystal Research and Technology 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.201500145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Valdir Soldi
- Grupo de estudo em materiais poliméricos (POLIMAT); Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Brasil
| | | | - Simone Gonçalves Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis Brasil
| | - Silvia Lucia Cuffini
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São José dos Campos; São Paulo Brasil
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Fandaruff C, Segatto Silva MA, Galindo Bedor DC, de Santana DP, Rocha HVA, Rebuffi L, Azanza Ricardo CL, Scardi P, Cuffini SL. Correlation between microstructure and bioequivalence in Anti-HIV Drug Efavirenz. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 91:52-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Araya-Sibaja AM, Soldi V, Campos CEM, Cardoso SG, Cuffini SL. Crystallization of progesterone polymorphs using polymer-induced heteronucleation (PIHn) method. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:851-8. [PMID: 24758712 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.909839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone is a natural hormone steroid used in humans for several treatments and in livestock for artificial insemination, which exhibits two polymorphic forms at ambient conditions: form 1 and form 2. Form 2 is metastable and more soluble than form 1; however, it is not suitable to use as powder raw material because it transforms into form 1 by the effects of grinding. A polymorphic screening of progesterone based on polymer-induced heteronucleation method was performed as an alternative to prepare the metastable form. Polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), dextran, gelatin, polyisoprene (PI) and acrylonitrile-butadiene (NBR) copolymer were used. Crystals were prepared from 0.5, 10 and 40 mg/mL solutions in acetone at room temperature by solvent evaporation. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microcopy and attenuated total reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. Form 1 was nucleated from 40 mg/mL solutions on the six polymers and from 10 mg/mL solutions on PI and NBR. The mixture of form 1 and form 2 was obtained from 10 mg/mL solution on HPMC, dextran and gelatin and from 0.5 mg/mL solution crystallizations. Therefore, the polymeric devices, which crystallized the metastable and more soluble polymorph (2) of progesterone, would be a promissory alternative for the pharmaceutical applications.
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Araya-Sibaja AM, Paulino AS, Rauber GS, Campos CEM, Cardoso SG, Monti GA, Heredia V, Bianco I, Beltrano D, Cuffini SL. Dissolution properties, solid-state transformation and polymorphic crystallization: progesterone case study. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 19:779-88. [PMID: 24032356 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2013.829096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone is a natural steroid hormone and a poor soluble drug which presents two polymorphs (forms 1 and 2). Different methods to obtain form 2 were tested and a complete solid-state characterization of both polymorphs (forms 1 and 2) was conducted. X-ray powder diffraction, hot stage microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, dispersive Raman, (13)C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy techniques and intrinsic dissolution rates (IDR) were applied to investigate physical-chemical and dissolution properties of these two polymorphs. Form 2 was obtained from diluted solutions and from melting after cooling at room temperature. Form 1 was obtained from concentrated solutions and, a mixture of both polymorphs was crystallized from intermediate solutions. The crystal habit was not a distinctive characteristic of each polymorph. The effect of mechanical stress was evaluated in the metastable polymorph (form 2). We observed that grinding form 2 produced seeds of form 1 that induced the transformation of form 2 into form 1 at high temperature. The polymorphic quantification from XRD patterns of ground samples were carried out by the Rietveld method. After grinding and at room temperature conditions (∼25 °C), it was observed the transformation of 17% of form 2 into form 1 in 10 days.
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Caon T, Konig RA, da Cruz ACC, Cardoso SG, Campos CEM, Cuffini SL, Koester LS, Simões CMO. Development and physicochemical characterization of saquinavir mesylate solid dispersions using Gelucire 44/14 or PEG 4000 as carrier. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:1113-25. [PMID: 23700292 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Solid dispersions of saquinavir mesylate containing either Gelucire® 44/14 or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) 4000, or mixtures of each carrier with Tween 80 or polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K30 were prepared in order to enhance the drug dissolution rate. These systems were prepared by the melting method and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, microscopical techniques, and Raman spectroscopy aiming to establish a relationship between physicochemical and dissolution properties under different cooling conditions. Modifications in degree of crystalline order/disorder over time were observed in preparations with both carriers. Overall, formulations cooled and stored at -20 °C showed less variation in dissolution rates than those at 25 °C. Although Tween 80 has enhanced the known self-emulsifying properties of Gelucire® 44/14, its combination with PEG 4000 displayed miscibility problems. The addition of PVP K30 was not the most effective approach in enhancing the dissolution in early steps; however, the drug dissolution was stable after 7 days of storage at 25 °C. The combination of PEG 4000 and PVP K30 maintained the dissolution properties for 60 and 90 days at 25 °C/95% relative humidity and 40 °C/75% (f₂ values >50), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Caon
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
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Romañuk CB, Garro Linck Y, Chattah AK, Monti GA, Cuffini SL, Garland MT, Baggio R, Manzo RH, Olivera ME. Crystallographic, thermal and spectroscopic characterization of a ciprofloxacin saccharinate polymorph. Int J Pharm 2010; 391:197-202. [PMID: 20214961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A new polymorphic form of ciprofloxacin saccharinate (CIP-SAC II) is presented, and compared with CIP-SAC I, a different polymorph which we had previously reported. The characterization techniques used were single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry analysis and infrared and (13)C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results obtained from these techniques are consistent. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the reaction between the precursors is completed and the crystalline forms of both salts obtained (I and II) are highly pure. Infrared spectroscopy gave clear evidence of a salt formation. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy would indicate some degree of qualitative similarity in the intermolecular interaction scheme in both polymorphs, while thermal analysis data might indicate a difference in quantitative terms. A thorough single crystal structure determination of the new form CIP-SAC II allowed disclosing the most important inter- and intramolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Romañuk
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016 Córdoba, Argentina
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da Silva CCP, Cuffini SL, Faudone SN, Ayala AP, Ellena J. Low-temperature study of a new nevirapine pseudopolymorph. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2007; 64:o292. [PMID: 21200857 PMCID: PMC2915343 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536807042262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The title compound (systematic name: 11-cyclopropyl-4-methyl-5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2′,3′-e][1,4]diazepin-6-one butanol 0.3-solvate), C15H14N4O·0.3C4H9OH, was crystallized in a new triclinic pseudopolymorphic form, a butanol solvate, and the crystal structure determined at 150 K. The molecular conformation of this new form differs from that reported previously, although the main intermolecular hydrogen-bond pattern remains the same. N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds [N⋯O = 2.957 (3) Å] form centrosymmetric dimers and the crystal packing of this new pseudopolymorph generates infinite channels along the b axis.
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Pérez SC, Cerioni L, Wolfenson AE, Faudone S, Cuffini SL. Utilization of pure nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy for the study of pharmaceutical crystal forms. Int J Pharm 2005; 298:143-52. [PMID: 15913931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2004] [Revised: 12/23/2004] [Accepted: 04/11/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state physical characterization of a pharmaceutical substance is necessary for successful development and approval of the final product. Different physical analytical techniques are available to do so: X-ray diffraction (XRD), IR, Raman, DSC, TG and NMR. Moreover, all of them detect the presence of excipients perturbing the analysis of the pure substance in low doses. In order to study polymorphism and pseudo polymorphism of drug, this paper introduces possible applications of pure nuclear quadrupole resonance, as a non-destructive technique in qualitative and quantitative approaches. Chlorpropamide and diclofenac sodium were used as examples. Unlike the mentioned techniques, the nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) signal of pharmaceutical compounds is not perturbed by the presence of solid excipient or other substances unless they possess resonance frequencies in the same frequency range of the compound studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Pérez
- Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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