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Daviña-Núñez C, Pérez S, Cabrera-Alvargonzález JJ, Rincón-Quintero A, Treinta-Álvarez A, Godoy-Diz M, Suárez-Luque S, Regueiro-García B. Performance of amplicon and capture based next-generation sequencing approaches for the epidemiological surveillance of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 and other variants of concern. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0289188. [PMID: 38683803 PMCID: PMC11057745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
To control the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, healthcare systems have focused on ramping up their capacity for epidemiological surveillance through viral whole genome sequencing. In this paper, we tested the performance of two protocols of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid enrichment, an amplicon enrichment using different versions of the ARTIC primer panel and a hybrid-capture method using KAPA RNA Hypercap. We focused on the challenge of the Omicron variant sequencing, the advantages of automated library preparation and the influence of the bioinformatic analysis in the final consensus sequence. All 94 samples were sequenced using Illumina iSeq 100 and analysed with two bioinformatic pipelines: a custom-made pipeline and an Illumina-owned pipeline. We were unsuccessful in sequencing six samples using the capture enrichment due to low reads. On the other hand, amplicon dropout and mispriming caused the loss of mutation G21987A and the erroneous addition of mutation T15521A respectively using amplicon enrichment. Overall, we found high sequence agreement regardless of method of enrichment, bioinformatic pipeline or the use of automation for library preparation in eight different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Automation and the use of a simple app for bioinformatic analysis can simplify the genotyping process, making it available for more diagnostic facilities and increasing global vigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Daviña-Núñez
- Microbiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Vigo, Spain
- Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sonia Pérez
- Microbiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Vigo, Spain
- Microbiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jorge Julio Cabrera-Alvargonzález
- Microbiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Vigo, Spain
- Microbiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Anniris Rincón-Quintero
- Microbiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Vigo, Spain
- Microbiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Ana Treinta-Álvarez
- Microbiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Montse Godoy-Diz
- Microbiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Silvia Suárez-Luque
- Dirección Xeral de Saúde Pública, Xunta de Galicia, Consellería de Sanidade, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Benito Regueiro-García
- Microbiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Vigo, Spain
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Daviña-Nuñez C, Pérez-Castro S, Martínez-Lamas L, Cabrera-Alvargonzález JJ, Rey-Cao S, Carballo-Fernandez R, Godoy-Diz M, López-Bóveda L, Del Campo-Pérez V, Suárez-Luque S, Regueiro-García B. Case report: BA.1 subvariant showing a BA.2-like pattern using a variant-specific PCR assay due to a single point mutation downstream the spike 69/70 deletion. Virol J 2022; 19:168. [PMID: 36303187 PMCID: PMC9610356 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: SARS-CoV-2 variant tracking is key to the genomic surveillance of the COVID-19 pandemic. While next-generation sequencing (NGS) is commonly used for variant determination, it is expensive and time-consuming. Variant-specific PCR (vsPCR) is a faster, cheaper method that detects specific mutations that are considered variant-defining. These tests usually rely on specific amplification when a mutation is present or a specific melting temperature peak after amplification. Case presentation: A discrepant result between vsPCR and NGS was found in seventeen SARS-CoV-2 samples from Galicia, Spain. A cluster of BA.1 Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant showed a BA.2-like melting temperature pattern due to a point mutation (C21772T) downstream the deletion of the spike amino acids 69/70. As the 69/70 deletion is widely used for differentiation between BA.1 and BA.2 by vsPCR, C21772T can cause BA.1 samples to be misinterpreted as BA.2. Over a thousand BA.1 sequences in the EpiCoV database contain this mutation. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first case of a point mutation causing a vsPCR algorithm to misclassify BA.1 samples as BA.2. This is an example of how mutations in the probe target area of vsPCR tests based on melting curve analysis can lead to variant misclassification. NGS confirmation of vsPCR results is relevant for the accuracy of the epidemiological surveillance. In order to overcome the possible impact of novel mutations, diagnostic tools must be constantly updated. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-022-01883-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Daviña-Nuñez
- Universidade de Vigo. Microbiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Vigo, Spain
| | - Sonia Pérez-Castro
- Microbiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur). Microbiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Lucía Martínez-Lamas
- Microbiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur). Microbiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jorge Julio Cabrera-Alvargonzález
- Microbiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur). Microbiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sonia Rey-Cao
- Microbiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur). Microbiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Montse Godoy-Diz
- Microbiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Leticia López-Bóveda
- Microbiology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Victor Del Campo-Pérez
- Rheumatology and Immune-mediated Diseases Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur). Preventive Medicine Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo (CHUVI), SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Silvia Suárez-Luque
- Dirección Xeral de Saúde Pública, Xunta de Galicia, Consellería de Sanidade, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Benito Regueiro-García
- Microbiology and Infectology Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Vigo, Spain
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Abstract
A capillary electrophoresis system for the simultaneous determination of cations in honey samples has been developed. The complete separation and quantification of K+, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+ and Li+, which represent more than 99% of the total content of cations in honey, can be achieved in 4 min with only a dilution and filtration of the honey sample. Electrolyte solution was composed by 10 mM imidazole as the carrier buffer and background absorbance provider and acetic acid as the complexing agent (pH 3.60). The running voltage was + 25 kV at 25 degree C. Indirect UV detection was achieved at 185 nm. Under the optimum conditions the detection limits ranged from 0.02 to 48.2 mg/kg and the quantification limits have ranged from 0.41 to 48.7 mg/kg. Precision data in honey samples analysed have shown repeatability and reproducibility RSD (%) lower than 2.84 and 6.62%, respectively. Recoveries of cations in honey samples analysed have ranged from 88.5 to 101.8%. These cations were identified by their relative migration times with regard to Ba2+ migration time used as reference standard and they were quantified by using an external standard calibration. Twenty-five honey samples were analysed to test the proposed method. Mean contents of 1.22 x 10(3), 93, 85, 54, 11, 1.9 and 2.3 mg/kg were found, respectively, for K+, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+ and Li+ cations in analysed honeys. These results were similar than the obtained by other authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Suárez-Luque
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Area de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago, 15782 Santiago de Compostela (Galicia), Spain
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Suárez-Luque S, Mato I, Huidobro JF, Simal-Lozano J, Sancho MT. Rapid determination of minority organic acids in honey by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2002; 955:207-14. [PMID: 12075924 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of organic acids in honey is reported. Malic, maleic, citric, succinic and fumaric acids were identified and quantified in 15 min. First time repeatibility, reproducibility and recoveries were determined out for these acids in honey samples. Maleic acid was also quantified for first time by a chromatographic method. The organic acids were removed from honey by using a solid-phase extraction procedure with anion-exchange cartridges. Previously, the solution of honey was adjusted to pH 10.50 with 0.1 M NaOH and stirred for 15 min at room temperature. Then, this solution was adjusted to pH 5.00 with 0.1 M H2SO4. This procedure was carried out to avoid interferences in the baseline. The chromatographic separation was achieved with only one Spherisorb ODS-2 S5 column thermostated at 25 degrees C. Metaphosphoric acid (pH 2.20) was used as mobile phase at a flow-rate of 0.7 ml/min. Organic acids were detected with a UV-vis detector (215 nm). The precision results showed that the relative standard deviations of the repeatability and reproducibility were < or =3.20% and < or =4.86%, respectively. The recoveries of the organic acids ranged from 62.9 to 99.4%. Under optimum conditions the detection limits ranged from 0.0064 to 7.57 mg/kg and the quantification limits ranged from 0.025 to 10.93 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Suárez-Luque
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (Galicia), Spain.
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Suárez-Luque S, Mato I, Huidobro JF, Simal-Lozano J. Solid-phase extraction procedure to remove organic acids from honey. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 770:77-82. [PMID: 12013247 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(01)00583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A solid-phase extraction procedure was applied to remove organic acids from honey. Malic, maleic, citric, succinic and fumaric acids were isolated with an anion-exchange cartridge. The different parameters which affected the extraction procedure were studied and optimised to establish the optimal conditions for maximum recovery of organic acids and minimum extraction of interferences. The optimised procedure used a cartridge which was activated with 10 ml of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution (percolation rate 3 ml/min). A 10 ml volume of honey solution was passed at a flow-rate of 0.5 ml/min. The cartridge was washed with 10 ml of water (3 ml/min) and organic acids were eluted with 4 ml of 0.1 M sulfuric acid (0.5 ml/min). This solution was injected directly into the chromatograph. When this procedure was carried out on standard solutions of organic acids, recoveries between 99.2 and 103.4% were found. If this procedure was applied to honey samples these recoveries were also satisfactory and ranged from 62.9 to 99.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Suárez-Luque
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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