COVID-19 booster enhances IgG mediated viral neutralization by human milk in vitro

Background

Facilitated by the inability to vaccinate, and an immature immune system, COVID-19 remains a leading cause of death among children. Vaccinated lactating mothers produce specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in their milk, capable of neutralizing the virus in vitro. Our objective for this study is to assess the effect of COVID-19 booster dose on SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentration and viral neutralization in milk, plasma, and infant stool.

Methods

Thirty-nine mothers and 25 infants were enrolled from December 2020 to May 2022. Milk, maternal plasma, and infants' stool were collected at various time-points up to 12 months following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. A subgroup of 14 mothers received a booster dose. SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and their neutralization capacities were assessed.

Results

Booster vaccination led to significantly higher IgG levels within human milk and breastfed infants' stool. In vitro neutralization of VSV-gfp-SARS-CoV-2-S-gp, a laboratory safe SARS-CoV-2 like pseudovirus, improved following the booster, with a 90% increase in plasma neutralization and a 60% increase in milk neutralization. We found that post-booster neutralization by human milk was highly correlated to SARS-CoV-2 IgG level. In support of our correlation result, Protein G column depletion of IgG in milk yielded a significant reduction in viral neutralization (p = 0.04).

Discussion

The substantial increase in neutralizing IgG levels in milk and breastfed infants' stool post-booster, coupled with the decrease in milk neutralization capabilities upon IgG depletion, underscores the efficacy of booster doses in augmenting the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in human milk.

[Causes, signs and outcome of 30 patients with pulmonary embolus]

Authors studied 30 cases of pulmonary emboli in BAMAKO in the departments of Cardiology at Point G hospital. The purpose of this work was to determine the pulmonary emboli's frequency, their signs and symptoms and to observe their outcome. Was eligible to study every patient hospitalised for pulmonary emboli confirmed by clinical signs and D- dimere test, with ECG and echocardiogram in most cases. The pulmonary emboli' frequency was 1,7%, with an average age of 51 years ± 16,9. Among causes the most frequent were hypertension (50%), phlebitis (40%), chronic cor pulmonale (30%), and heart failure (40%). Signs were respiratory distress (80%), haemoptysis (43%), syncope (20%), and circulatory collapse (15%). ECG show mostly right ventricular hypertrophy (93,3%) and x ray sometimes a characteristic aspect. Cardiac echography show essentially ventricular and auricular dilatation with a thrombus in 6,7% of the cases. The treatment was by heparin, AVK and analgesic. Mortality in study was 11, 3 %. So pulmonary embolus is always at high risk and sometimes it's diagnostic is difficult.

[Socio-demographic and prognostic aspects of unfollowed pregnancies of patients admitted in the Department of Gynaecology-Obstetric of Gabriel Toure Hospital]

The prenatal followed up permit, on the one hand, to track down risk pregnancies, to appreciate the evolution of pregnancy and its repercussion on the maternal state, to finally make the prognosis of the childbirth and on the other hand to identify risk pregnancies and to assure a management outside emergency context. They contribute this fact to the meaningful reduction of the maternal mortality. The non followed up pregnancies are characterized by their important maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. The aim of our survey was to determine the frequency of the unfollowed pregnancies, to describe the socio demographic profile of the women and to determine the prognosis of these pregnancies.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Our survey had for setting the service of Gynecology and obstetrics of Gabriel Touré hospital. Center of cares, research and formation, this service that is 3rd level in the sanitary pyramid in Mali, receives emergencies from other motherhoods of lower level. Were include in this survey, women who delivered in the service and hadn't done any prenatal consultation. Criterias of non inclusion were next one: women having done at least a prenatal consultation, women having delivered in another sanitary structure, all cases of non assisted childbirths, women whose gestational age is lower to 28 weeks and/or fetal weight lower than 500 grams. Every case has been matched to a witness (consistent woman who has been followed and delivered in the service) according to criterias of age and parity. The statistical tests used to study associations between variables are the chi2 with a significativity doorstep of P = 0.05 and Odd ratio (OR).

RESULTS

We recorded 2173 childbirths and 286 non followed pregnancies been 13.16% of frequency. The middle age of our patient was 23 years with extremes of 16 and 44 years, nullipareses represented 25.9% of cases. The domestic helps were more numerous in the group of cases with 4.9% against 0.3% in the witness group (P = 0.0006, OR = 14.6; IC [2.01, 30.05]). The maternal prognosis is marked by 2.1% of death (P = 0.013). Fetal prognosis is bad with 10.9% of child stillborn (P = 0.0007; OR = 3.19) and 21.5% of morbid APGAR.

CONCLUSION

The absence of prenatal consultation is associated to a height maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity.

[Risk factors for ischemic heart disease: a review of 162 cases in Bamako]

The determination of risk factors a low to prevent or to delay the apparition of certain diseases. Our study put out in Cardiology A of Hôpital du Point G. gold to determine the main risk factors of ischemic heart diseases between 162 patients. It appears that all classical risk factors (HBP, Diabetes, obesity, tobacco use, sedentary, menopause, contraceptives, dyslipidemia) were found among patients. It appears particularly that avoidable risk factors such tobacco use among young men, sedentary and obesity play important role in the beginning. So it is possible to deploy an efficient prevention politic.

[Premature delivery: epidemiology, etiologic factors, prevention strategies]

Early delivery is not rare, it is an important cause of perinatal mortality. In this study its rate, was 4.95%. The early and late ages of procreation were particularly interested (7.95%) and 3.90%. The first and last parities were more exposed (7.75%-5.31%). The woman occupation was as an important risk-factor. The incidences increased in the poor and rich women groups (7.34%-3.84%) the early labor risk was reduced when the women had efficient prenatal care; when the women had delivered early, the early labor risk increased. So when the women had delivered a stillborn. The early labor risk factor was more important. Finally the authors founded 83.33% of maternal causes could be controlled by efficient prenatal care. Even this rate was so important in the foetal group causes.