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Collins RA, DiGennaro C, Beninato T, Gartland RM, Chaves N, Broekhuis JM, Reddy L, Lee J, Deimiller A, Alterio MM, Campbell MJ, Lee YJ, Khilnani TK, Stewart LA, O’Brien MA, Alvarado MVY, Zheng F, McAneny D, Liou R, McManus C, Dream SY, Wang TS, Yen TW, Alhefdhi A, Finnerty BM, Fahey TJ, Graves CE, Laird AM, Nehs MA, Drake FT, Lee JA, McHenry CR, James BC, Pasieka JL, Kuo JH, Lubitz CC. Limited disease progression in endocrine surgery patients with treatment delays due to COVID-19. Surgery 2023; 173:93-100. [PMID: 36210185 PMCID: PMC9420726 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2022.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly impacted the delivery of care and timing of elective surgical procedures. Most endocrine-related operations were considered elective and safe to postpone, providing a unique opportunity to assess clinical outcomes under protracted treatment plans. METHODS American Association of Endocrine Surgeon members were surveyed for participation. A Research Electronic Data Capture survey was developed and distributed to 27 institutions to assess the impact of COVID-19-related delays. The information collected included patient demographics, primary diagnosis, resumption of care, and assessment of disease progression by the surgeon. RESULTS Twelve out of 27 institutions completed the survey (44.4%). Of 850 patients, 74.8% (636) were female; median age was 56 (interquartile range, 44-66) years. Forty percent (34) of patients had not been seen since their original surgical appointment was delayed; 86.2% (733) of patients had a delay in care with women more likely to have a delay (87.6% vs 82.2% of men, χ2 = 3.84, P = .05). Median duration of delay was 70 (interquartile range, 42-118) days. Among patients with a delay in care, primary disease site included thyroid (54.2%), parathyroid (37.2%), adrenal (6.5%), and pancreatic/gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (1.3%). In addition, 4.0% (26) of patients experienced disease progression and 4.1% (24) had a change from the initial operative plan. The duration of delay was not associated with disease progression (P = .96) or a change in operative plan (P = .66). CONCLUSION Although some patients experienced disease progression during COVID-19 delays to endocrine disease-related care, most patients with follow-up did not. Our analysis indicated that temporary delay may be an acceptable course of action in extreme circumstances for most endocrine-related surgical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reagan A. Collins
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX,Institute of Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Catherine DiGennaro
- Institute of Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Toni Beninato
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | | | - Natalia Chaves
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jordan M. Broekhuis
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lekha Reddy
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Jenna Lee
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | | | - Maeve M. Alterio
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | | | - Yeon Joo Lee
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | | | - Latoya A. Stewart
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Mollie A. O’Brien
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | | | - Feibi Zheng
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - David McAneny
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Rachel Liou
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - Sophie Y. Dream
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Tracy S. Wang
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Tina W. Yen
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Amal Alhefdhi
- Department of General Surgery, Breast and Endocrine Section, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Al Mathar Ash Shamali, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brendan M. Finnerty
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Thomas J. Fahey
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | | | - Amanda M. Laird
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Matthew A. Nehs
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - James A. Lee
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Christopher R. McHenry
- Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Benjamin C. James
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Janice L. Pasieka
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer H. Kuo
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Carrie Cunningham Lubitz
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Institute of Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Reprint requests: Carrie Cunningham Lubitz, MD, MPH, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114
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DeLozier OM, Dream SY, Findling JW, Carroll TB, Evans DB, Wang TS. Selective Glucocorticoid Replacement Following Unilateral Adrenalectomy for Hypercortisolism and Primary Aldosteronism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e538-e547. [PMID: 34558612 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT An institutional study previously demonstrated that cosyntropin stimulation testing on postoperative day 1 (POD1-CST) identified patients at risk for adrenal insufficiency (AI) following unilateral adrenalectomy (UA) for adrenal-dependent hypercortisolism (HC) and primary aldosteronism (PA), allowing for selective glucocorticoid replacement (GR). OBJECTIVE This study re-evaluates the need for GR following UA for patients with HC and PA in a larger cohort. METHODS A prospective database identified 108 patients who underwent UA for mild autonomous cortisol excess (MACE) (n = 47), overt hypercortisolism (OH) (n = 27), PA (n = 22), and concurrent PA/HC (n = 12) from September 2014 to October 2020; all underwent preoperative evaluation for HC. MACE was defined by the 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test (cortisol >1.8 μg/dL), with ≥5 defined as OH. GR was initiated for basal cortisol ≤5 or stimulated cortisol ≤14 (≤18 prior to April 2017) on POD1-CST. RESULTS Fifty-one (47%) patients had an abnormal POD1-CST; 54 (50%) were discharged on GR (27 MACE, 20 OH, 1 PA, 6 PA/HC). Median duration of GR was OH: 6.0 months, MACE: 2.1 months, PA: 1 month, PA/HC: 0.8 months. Overall, 26% (n = 7) of patients with OH and 43% (n = 20) of patients with MACE did not require GR. Two (2%) patients with OH had normal POD1-CST but developed AI several weeks postoperatively requiring GR. None experienced life-threatening AI. CONCLUSION POD1-CST identifies patients with HC at risk for AI after UA, allowing for selective GR. One-quarter of patients with OH and nearly half of patients with MACE can forgo GR after UA. Patients with PA do not require evaluation for AI if concurrent HC has been excluded preoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M DeLozier
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Sophie Y Dream
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - James W Findling
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ty B Carroll
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Douglas B Evans
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Tracy S Wang
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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DeLozier OM, Dream SY, Findling JW, Carroll TB, Evans DB, Wang TS. Confirmation of Feasibility of Selective Glucocorticoid Replacement Following Unilateral Adrenalectomy for Hypercortisolism and Primary Aldosteronism. J Endocr Soc 2021. [PMCID: PMC8090434 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab048.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Secondary adrenal insufficiency (AI) can develop following unilateral adrenalectomy (UA) foradrenal-dependent hypercortisolism (HC) and has been reported after UA for primaryaldosteronism (PA). An institutional study previously demonstrated that cosyntropin stimulationtesting on postoperative day 1 (POD1-CST) successfully identified patients who requiredglucocorticoid replacement (GR) following UA; 50% of HC patients required GR and no PApatients required GR. The aim of this study was to reevaluate the need for GR following UA forpatients with HC and PA in a larger cohort of patients. Methods We reviewed 108 patients from a prospectively maintained adrenal database who underwent UAfor HC (n=74), PA (n=22), and concurrent HC/PA (n=12) from 9/2014-10/2020. PA patientswithout preoperative evaluation for HC were excluded. Patients with 1mg dexamethasonesuppression test (DST) cortisol >1.8 (µg/dL) were defined as having mild HC, with ³5 defined asovert Cushing’s Syndrome (CS). All patients underwent our institutional POD1-CST protocoland GR was initiated for patients with basal cortisol £5 or stimulated cortisol £14 (<18 prior to4/2017). Results: Overall, 51 (47%) patients had an abnormal POD1-CST and were discharged on GR (44 HC, 1PA, and 6 HC/PA). Two (2%) patients with CS had a normal POD1-CST but developed AIrequiring GR at 8 and 12 weeks post UA. Of the 74 patients with HC, 44 (59%) had an abnormalPOD1-CST and were discharged on GR, including 19/28 (68%) with CS and 25/46 (54%) withmild HC. Preoperative DST cortisol was higher in HC patients who required GR compared topatients with a normal POD1-CST (4.1 vs 3.6; p=0.007). Median cortisol levels for HC patientswith an abnormal POD1-CST vs those with a normal test were: basal: 3.8 vs 15.6 (p=0.027); 30-minute: 10.1 vs 20.1 (p=0.403); and 60-minute 11.4 vs 22.2 (p=0.260). Of the 22 PA patients, 19(86%) had a normal POD1-CST. Median cortisol levels for PA patients with an abnormal POD1-CST vs those with a normal test were: basal: 0.4 vs 12.1; 30-minute: 8.8 vs 24.6; and 60-minute:12.2 vs 28.9. Of the 3 (14%) PA patients with an abnormal POD1-CST, 1 was dischargedwith GR and began tapering after 2 weeks; the other 2 did not require GR and did not developAI. Of the 12 patients with combined PA/HC, 6 (50%) were discharged on GR based on POD1-CST. GR was required by 30 (59%) patients for <3 months and 82% for <12 months; 7/9 whorequired GR >12 months had CS. Conclusions: Using a standard protocol for POD1-CST in patients who underwent unilateral adrenalectomyfor HC, PA, or combined PA/HC, this study demonstrated that routine GR is not required in 32%of patients with CS and 46% of patients with mild HC. POD1-CST safely identifies patients whowill require GR with no immediate concern for adrenal insufficiency. These data also suggestthat routine evaluation for AI in postoperative PA patients is not needed if cortisol excess hasbeen excluded preoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tracy S Wang
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Lee TC, McKinley SK, Dream SY, Grubbs EG, Dissanaike S, Fong ZV. Pearls and Pitfalls of the Virtual Interview: Perspectives From Both Sides of the Camera. J Surg Res 2021; 262:240-243. [PMID: 33549329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
As the SARS-COV-2 pandemic created the need for social distancing and the implementation of nonessential travel bans, residency and fellowship programs have moved toward a web-based virtual process for applicant interviews. As part of the Society of Asian Academic Surgeons 5th Annual Meeting, an expert panel was convened to provide guidance for prospective applicants who are new to the process. This article provides perspectives from applicants who have successfully navigated the surgical subspecialty fellowship process, as well as program leadership who have held virtual interviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany C Lee
- University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhi Ven Fong
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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