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A large population study to assess the magnitude of prenatal programming in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00726-4. [PMID: 38608953 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The performance of an adult dairy cow may be influenced by events that occur before her birth. The present study investigated potential effects of 2 prenatal groups of factors, Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART) and maternal characteristics (e.g., dam parity), on offspring performance during their first lactation, in populations of 2 dairy cow breeds: French Holstein and Montbéliarde. The different ART studied included the type of semen (conventional or X-sorted) used for Artificial Insemination (AI) and the technology of conception used (AI, embryo transfer, or in vitro fertilization). Three maternal characteristics were considered: (1) the dam age at first calving, (2) dam parity number, and (3) indicators of dam udder health during gestation (somatic cell score and events of clinical mastitis). First, we investigated whether heifer survival from 3d to 18 mo old was associated with any of the prenatal factors considered. We then estimated the associations of these prenatal factors with 8 traits of commercial interest: (1) stature, (2-4) milk, fat, and protein yields, (5) somatic cell score, (6) clinical mastitis, and (7-8) heifer and cow conception rate, all measured on genotyped cows. Linear models were used for this study with the prenatal factors as covariates in the model, and for the 8 traits, phenotypes were adjusted for their corresponding genomic estimated breeding value. The results indicated that the survival rate of heifers born from embryo transfer was significantly higher than that of heifers born from AI (probably due to preferential management practices), while the other prenatal factors did not explain differences in heifer survival. Among the Montbéliarde cows born from AI, those born from X-sorted semen showed a lightly but significantly lower milk yield than those born without X-sorting of the semen (-52 kg of milk in the first lactation). Among the Holstein cows, those born from embryo transfer presented significantly lower milk performance than cows born from AI. Regarding the maternal characteristics, none or very weak associations were found between the dam age at first calving and the offspring performance in both breeds. Dam parity, on the other hand, was associated with offspring performance for milk, fat, and protein yield in both breeds, however not in the same direction. In the Holstein breed, an increase in dam parity was favorable for offspring performance for milk, fat, and protein yield, whereas in the Montbéliarde breed, an increase in dam parity was associated with lower milk and protein yield and no association was found for fat yield. The udder health of the dam during gestation was not or only weakly associated with the traits studied in the offspring. Although some significant associations were identified due to the large sample size, the effects were modest, typically less than 1% of the phenotypic mean, and were not consistently observed across the 2 breeds.
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Short communication: Correlation of methane production, intensity, and yield with residual feed intake throughout lactation in Holstein cows. Animal 2024; 18:101110. [PMID: 38442541 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The environmental impact of dairy production can be reduced in several ways, including increasing feed efficiency and reducing methane (CH4) emissions. There is no consensus on their relationship. This study aimed at estimating the correlations between residual feed intake (RFI) and CH4 emissions expressed in g/d methane production (MeP), g/kg of fat- and protein-corrected milk methane intensity (MeI), or g/kg of DM intake methane yield (MeY) throughout lactation. We collected CH4 data using GreenFeed devices from 107 Holstein cows, as well as production and intake phenotypes. RFI was predicted from DM intake, fat- and protein-corrected milk, BW, and body condition score. Five-trait random regression models were used to estimate the individual variance components of the CH4 and production traits, which were used to calculate the correlations between RFI and CH4 traits throughout lactation. We found positive correlations of RFI with MeP and MeI ranging from 0.05 to 0.47 throughout the lactation. Correlations between RFI and MeY are low and vary from positive to negative, ranging from -0.18 to 0.17. Both MeP and MeI are favorably correlated with RFI, as is MeY during the first half of lactation. These correlations are mostly favorable for genetic selection, but the confirmation of these results is needed with genetic correlations over a larger dataset.
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Current Therapy of Cryptoglandular Anal Fistula: Gold Standards and Alternative Methods. Zentralbl Chir 2023; 148:209-219. [PMID: 37267975 DOI: 10.1055/a-2049-9722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cryptoglandular anal fistulas are one of the most common colorectal diseases and occur with an incidence of about 20/100,000. Anal fistulas are defined as an inflammatory junction between the anal canal and the perianal skin. They develop from an abscess or chronic infection of the anorectum. Surgical treatment of the disease is the method of choice. Even when treating an acute abscess, its cause should be sought at the same time. If there is a connection to the anal canal without affecting relevant parts of the sphincter muscles, primary fistulotomy should be performed. If larger parts of the sphincter muscle are involved, the insertion of a seton drain is usually useful. There are essentially two recommendations for the elective treatment of cryptoglandular anal fistulas. Distal fistulas should be excised, with the proviso that as little sphincter muscle as possible is sacrificed. In the case of highly proximally located and complex fistulas, sphincter-preserving surgical techniques should be used. In this case, the method of choice is the mucosal or advancement flap. Alternatively, clips, fibrin injections, fistula plugs, fistula ligatures, or laser-based procedures are described in the literature. In the case of intermediate fistulas, a fistulectomy with primary sphincter reconstruction can be useful. Every operation is carried out as a compromise between definitive healing of the fistula and a potential risk to the patient's continence. It is often difficult to make a reliable prognosis about the continence function to be expected postoperatively. In addition to the fistula morphology, particular attention should be paid to whether previous proctological operations have already been performed, the gender of the patient, and whether there are pre-existing sphincter dysfunctions. Since the surgeon's expertise plays a decisive role in the success of the treatment, the procedure should be carried out in a specialist proctological centre, especially in the case of complex fistulas or in the case of a condition after previous operations. In addition to the classic procedures, such as fistulectomy or the plastic fistula closure, this article examines alternative methods and their areas of application.
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Comparison of methane production, intensity, and yield throughout lactation in Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:4147-4157. [PMID: 37105882 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Genetic selection to reduce methane (CH4) emissions from dairy cows is an attractive means of reducing the impact of agricultural production on climate change. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of such an approach by characterizing the interactions between CH4 and several traits of interest in dairy cows. We measured CH4, dry matter intake (DMI), fat- and protein-corrected milk (FPCM), body weight (BW), and body condition score (BCS) from 107 first- and second-parity Holstein cows from December 2019 to November 2021. Methane emissions were measured using a GreenFeed device and expressed in terms of production (MeP, in g/d), yield (MeY, in g/kg DMI), and intensity (MeI, in g/kg FPCM). Because of the limited number of cows, only animal parameters were estimated. Both MeP and MeI were moderately repeatable (>0.45), whereas MeY presented low repeatability, especially in early lactation. Mid lactation was the most stable and representative period of CH4 emissions throughout lactation, with animal correlations above 0.9. The average animal correlations of MeP with DMI, FPCM, and BW were 0.62, 0.48, and 0.36, respectively. The MeI was negatively correlated with FCPM (<-0.5) and DMI (>-0.25), and positively correlated with BW and BCS. The MeY presented stable and weakly positive correlations with the 4 other traits throughout lactation, with the exception of slightly negative animal correlations with FPCM and DMI after the 35th week. The MeP, MeI, and MeY were positively correlated at all lactation stages and, assuming animal and genetic correlations do not strongly differ, selection on one trait should lead to improvements in all. Overall, selection for MeI is probably not optimal as its change would result more from CH4 dilution in increased milk yield than from real decrease in methane emission. Instead, MeY is related to rumen function and is only weakly associated with DMI, FPCM, BW, and BCS; it thus appears to be the most promising CH4 trait for selection, provided that this would not deteriorate feed efficiency and that a system of large-scale phenotyping is developed. The MeP is easier to measure and thus may represent an acceptable alternative, although care would need to be taken to avoid undesirable changes in FPCM and BW.
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Proposal of an algorithm for the management of rectally inserted foreign bodies: a surgical single-center experience with review of the literature. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2022; 407:2499-2508. [PMID: 35654873 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-022-02571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retained rectal foreign bodies (RFBs) are uncommon clinical findings. Although the management of RFBs is rarely reported in the literature, clinicians regularly face this issue. To date, there is no standardized management of RFBs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate our own data and subsequently develop a treatment algorithm. METHODS All consecutive patients who presented between January 2006 and December 2019 with rectally inserted RFBs at the emergency department of the Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany, were retrospectively identified. Clinicopathologic features, management, complications, and outcomes were assessed. Based on this experience, a treatment algorithm was developed. RESULTS A total of 69 presentations with rectally inserted RFBs were documented in 57 patients. In 23/69 cases (33.3%), the RFB was removed transanally by the emergency physician either digitally (n = 14) or with the help of a rigid rectoscope (n = 8) or a colonoscope (n = 1). In 46/69 cases (66.7%), the RFB was removed in the operation theater under general anesthesia with muscle relaxation. Among these, 11/46 patients (23.9%) underwent abdominal surgery, either for manual extraction of the RFB (n = 9) or to exclude a bowel perforation (n = 2). Surgical complications occurred in 3/11 patients. One patient with rectal perforation developed pelvic sepsis and underwent abdominoperineal extirpation in the further clinical course. CONCLUSION The management of RFBs can be challenging and includes a wide range of options from removal without further intervention to abdominoperineal extirpation in cases of pelvic sepsis. Whenever possible, RFBs should obligatorily be managed in specialized colorectal centers following a clear treatment algorithm.
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Opportunities for genomic selection of cheese-making traits in Montbéliarde cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:5206-5220. [PMID: 35450715 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As part of the From'MIR project, traits related to the composition and cheese-making properties (CMP) of milk were predicted from 6.6 million mid-infrared spectra taken from 410,622 Montbéliarde cows (19,862 with genotypes). Genome-wide association studies of imputed whole-genome sequences highlighted candidate SNPs that were then added to the EuroG10K BeadChip, which is routinely used in genomic selection. In the present study, we (1) assessed the reliability of single-step genomic BLUP breeding values (ssEBVs) for cheese yields, coagulation traits, and casein and calcium content generated from test-day records of the first 3 lactations, (2) estimated realized genetic trends for these traits over the last decade, and (3) simulated different cheese-making breeding objectives and estimated the responses for CMP as well as for other traits currently selected in the Montbéliarde breed. To estimate the reliability of ssEBVs, the available data were split into 2 independent training and validation sets that respectively contained cows with the oldest and the most recent lactation data. The training set included 155,961 cows (12,850 with genotypes) and was used to predict ssEBVs of 2,125 genotyped cows in the validation set. We first tested 4 models that included either lactation (LACT) or test-day (TD) records from the first (1) or the first 3 (3) lactations, giving equal weight to all 50K SNP effects. Mean reliabilities were 61%, 62%, 63%, and 64% for the LACT1, LACT3, TD1, and TD3 models, respectively. Using the most accurate model (TD3), we then compared the reliabilities of 3 scenarios with: SNPs from the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip only, equally weighted (50K); 50K SNPs plus additional candidate SNPs, equally weighted (50K+); and 50K and candidate SNPs with additional weight given to 7 to 14 candidate SNPs, depending on the trait (CAND). The 50K+ and CAND scenarios led to similar mean reliabilities (67%) and both outperformed the 50K scenario (64%), whereas the CAND scenario generated the less biased ssEBVs. To assess genetic trends, SNP effects were estimated with a single-step GBLUP based on the TD3 model and the 50K scenario applied to the whole population (2.6 million performance records from 190,261 cows and 423,348 animals in the pedigree, of which 21,874 were genotyped) and then applied to 50K genotypes of 21,171 males and 311,761 females. We detected a positive genetic trend for all CMP during the last decade, probably due to selection for an increase in milk protein and fat content in Montbéliarde cows. Finally, we compared the selection responses to 3 different breeding objectives: the current Montbéliarde total merit index (TMI) and 2 alternative scenarios that gave a weight of 70% to TMI and the remaining 30% to either milk casein content (TMI-COMP) or a combination of 3 CMP (TMI-Cheese). The TMI-Cheese scenario yielded the best responses for all the CMP analyzed, whereas values in the TMI-COMP scenario were intermediate, with a slight effect on other traits currently included in TMI. Based on these results, a program of genomic evaluation for CMP predicted from mid-infrared spectra was designed and implemented for the Montbéliarde breed.
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The transverse coloplasty pouch is technically easy and safe and improves functional outcomes after low rectal cancer resection-a single center experience with 397 patients. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2021; 406:833-841. [PMID: 33704562 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-021-02112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following resection for low rectal cancer, numerous patients suffer from frequent bowel movements, fecal urgency, and incontinence. Although there is good evidence that colonic J-pouch reconstruction, side-to-end anastomosis, or a transverse coloplasty pouch (TCP) improves functional outcome, many surgeons still prefer straight coloanal anastomosis because it is technically easier and lacks the risk of pouch-associated complications. The present single-center study aimed to evaluate the practicability of TCPs in routine clinical practice as well as pouch-related complications. METHOD All consecutive patients who underwent low anterior rectal resection with restoration of bowel continuity for cancer during the period September 2008 to June 2018 were included. A TCP in combination with a diverting ileostomy was defined as the hospital standard. The feasibility and safety of TCPs were assessed in a retrospective single-center study. RESULTS A total of 397 patients were included in the study. A total of 328/397 patients underwent TCP construction (82.6%). Two pouch-related surgical complications occurred (0.6%); one case of pouch-related stenosis and one case of sutural insufficiency. Overall, leakage of the coloanal anastomosis was reported in 14.1% of patients with a TCP and in 18.8% of patients without a pouch (p=0.252). Diverting ileostomy was applied in 378/397 patients (95.2%). The 30-day mortality was 0.25%. CONCLUSION The present study is by far the largest single-center experience with TCP construction for low rectal cancer resection. The study shows that a TCP is technically applicable in the vast majority of cases (82.6%). Pouch-associated surgical complications are sporadic events. In our opinion, the TCP can be considered an alternative to J-pouch construction after low anterior rectal resection.
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A missense mutation in the FZD7 gene is associated with dilution of the red areas of the coat in Montbéliarde cattle. Anim Genet 2021; 52:351-355. [PMID: 33686687 DOI: 10.1111/age.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a new genetically autosomal recessive color phenotype emerged in the red pied bovine Montbéliarde breed. It is characterized by a dilution of the red areas of the coat and was denominated 'milca'. A genome-wide homozygosity scan of 106 cases followed by haplotype analysis revealed a candidate region within BTA2 between positions 89.95 and 91.63 Mb. Analysis of whole-genome sequence data generated from milca animals identified a strong candidate variant within the coding region of the Frizzled-7 gene (FZD7). This gene encodes for a G-protein coupled receptor for Wnt signaling proteins. The variant induces a glycine to alanine substitution in the second extracellular loop, p.(Gly414Ala). Cross-species amino acid alignments revealed that this glycine is conserved among orthologs and most paralogs, suggesting that it plays an important role in FZD function. In addition, genotyping data revealed that the mutant allele is restricted to the Montbéliarde breed, at a 3.7% frequency. All homozygous cows for the mutant allele exhibited the milca phenotype whereas all heterozygotes had no coat color defects. In conclusion, this study strongly suggests that, in cattle, a mutation of FZD7 alone is sufficient to cause a coat color phenotype without any strong other adverse effect.
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Preoperative versus pathological staging of rectal cancer-challenging the indication of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Int J Colorectal Dis 2021; 36:191-194. [PMID: 32955607 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-020-03751-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgery is recommended for patients with diagnosed rectal cancer UICC stage II/III. The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of preoperative staging with focus on tumor infiltration depth and lymph node status challenging the indication of neoadjuvant CRT. METHOD All consecutive rectal cancer patients who underwent surgical resection without neoadjuvant CRT at the Klinikum Stuttgart, Germany, between January 2015 and December 2018, were included into the study. Clinicopathologic features focusing on preoperative tumor staging and histological outcome were assessed. RESULTS A total of 100/162 patients (61.7%) underwent primary surgical rectal resection with curative intent. Among these patients, 54/100 had a correct preoperative T-staging, while 34 were overstaged and 12 understaged. With regard to the nodal status, 68 were accurately staged, while 28 were overstaged and 4 understaged. Only 4/40 perirectal lymph nodes of more than 5 mm in diameter in preoperative MRI histologically revealed to be metastasis. CONCLUSION For patients without neoadjuvant CRT, a tendency to preoperative overstaging was observed. Lymph node size alone did not reliably predict metastasis. According to current guidelines, 21/62 (33.9%) of these patients would have been overtreated by using CRT. On the background of relevant side effects, complications, and the limited benefit of CRT on overall survival, we suggest that primary surgical resection should be recommended more liberally for stages II and III rectal cancer.
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Frequencies of milk protein variants and haplotypes estimated from genotypes of more than 1 million bulls and cows of 12 French cattle breeds. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:9124-9141. [PMID: 32773310 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to their major effects on milk composition and cheese-making properties and their putative effects on human health, there is a great deal of interest in bovine milk protein variants. The objectives of this study were to estimate frequencies of milk protein variants and haplotypes in 12 cattle breeds as well as their trends over time to assess the effect of selection on milk traits. Milk protein variants and haplotypes were identified from SNP genotype data from more than 1 million animals from 12 dairy, beef, or dual-purpose cattle breeds that had been genotyped for genomic selection. We examined a total of 15 loci in the genes that encode β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) and 3 caseins (αS1-CN, β-CN, and κ-CN); genotypes were directly called from customized SNP chips (50.6%) or imputed (49.4%). Variants A and B of β-LG were frequent in the 12 breeds. For the caseins, we found 3 variants for αS1-CN (B, C, and D), 6 for β-CN (A1, A2, A3, B, C, and I), and 5 for κ-CN (A, B, C, D, and E). For αS1-CN, the B variant was the most frequent in all breeds except Jersey. For β-CN, the A2 variant was the most abundant in all breeds except Tarentaise, although in Normande animals, the I variant (30.9%) was almost as common as A2 (39.7%). The C variant was very rare except in the Tarentaise sample (4.8%). The most frequent variant for κ-CN was A in 5 breeds (including Holstein), and B in the 7 other breeds. The B variant was present at a particularly high frequency in Jersey (82.6%) and Normande (85.5%) animals. The C and E variants of κ-CN appeared to be particularly frequent in the Tarentaise (12.7%) and Holstein (9%) breeds, respectively. We found 20 haplotype combinations of αS1-β-κ CN that were present at a frequency >0.1% in at least one breed; however, only 6 to 9 haplotypes were found in any given breed, demonstrating a strong degree of linkage disequilibrium. The most frequent haplotypes were B-A1-A, B-A2-A, B-A2-B, B-I-B, C-A2-A, and C-A2-B. Some alleles were predominantly found in only one haplotype, such as the E and C variants of κ-CN and the I variant of β-CN, which were mainly found in the B-A1-E, B-A1-C, and B-I-B haplotypes, respectively. We observed changes in the frequency of certain variants over time in several breeds, such as an increase in the frequency of variants A of β-LG, I of β-CN, and B of κ-CN. With these results, we update and complete frequency data that were first estimated 30 to 50 yr ago, and, for the first time in these breeds, we assess the effect of selection on milk protein variants.
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Hedgehog signaling promotes angiogenesis directly and indirectly in pancreatic cancer. Angiogenesis 2020; 23:479-492. [PMID: 32444947 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The inhibition of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) reduces desmoplasia and promotes increased vascularity. In contrast to these findings, the Hh ligand Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) is a potent proangiogenic factor in non-tumor models. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular mechanisms by which SHH affects the tumor stroma and angiogenesis. METHODS Mice bearing three different xenografted human PDAC (n = 5/group) were treated with neutralizing antibodies to SHH. After treatment for 7 days, tumors were evaluated and the expression of 38 pro- and antiangiogenic factors was assessed in the tumor cells and their stroma. The effect of SHH on the regulation of pro- and antiangiogenic factors in fibroblasts and its impact on endothelial cells was then further assessed in in vitro model systems. RESULTS Inhibition of SHH affected tumor growth, stromal content, and vascularity. Its effect on the Hh signaling pathway was restricted to the stromal compartment of the three cancers. SHH-stimulated angiogenesis indirectly through the reduction of antiangiogenic THBS2 and TIMP2 in stromal cells. An additional direct effect of SHH on endothelial cells depended on the presence of VEGF. CONCLUSION Inhibition of Hh signaling reduces tumor vascularity, suggesting that Hh plays a role in the maintenance or formation of the tumor vasculature. Whether the reduction in tumor growth and viability seen in the epithelium is a direct consequence of Hh pathway inhibition, or indirectly caused by its effect on the stroma and vasculature, remains to be evaluated.
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Short communication: A splice site mutation in CENPU is associated with recessive embryonic lethality in Holstein cattle. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:607-612. [PMID: 31733857 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A genome scan for homozygous haplotype deficiency coupled with whole-genome sequence data analysis is a very effective method to identify embryonic lethal mutations in cattle. Among other factors, the power of the approach depends on the availability of a greater amount of genotyping and sequencing data. In the present study, we analyzed the largest known panel of Illumina BovineSNP50 (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA) genotypes, comprising 401,896 Holstein animals, and we report the mapping of a new embryonic lethal haplotype on chromosome 27, called HH7. We fine mapped the locus in a 2.0-Mb interval using an identical-by-descent approach and analyzed genome sequence data from 4 carrier and 143 noncarrier Holstein bulls to identify the causative mutation. We detected a strong candidate variant in the gene encoding centromere protein U (CENPU), a centromere component essential for proper chromosome segregation during mitosis. The mutant allele is a deletion of 4 nucleotides located at position +3 to +6 bp after the splicing donor site of exon 11. Cross-species nucleotide alignment revealed that the nucleotide at position +3 is entirely conserved among vertebrates, suggesting that it plays an important role in the regulation of CENPU splicing. For verification, we genotyped the candidate variant in 232,775 Holstein individuals and did not observe any homozygotes, whereas 16 were expected (Poisson P-value = 1.1 × 10-7; allele frequency = 0.8%). In addition, genotyping of 250,602 animals from 19 additional breeds revealed that the mutant allele is restricted to animals of Holstein descent. Finally, we estimated the effect of the candidate variant on 2 fertility traits in at-risk mating (i.e., between carrier bulls and daughters of carrier bulls) versus non-risk mating. In agreement with a recessive lethal inheritance pattern, we observed a marked reduction in both conception rate and 56-d nonreturn rate in heifers and cows. The effect on 56-d nonreturn rate suggests that a substantial proportion of homozygous mutants die before 35 d after insemination, which is consistent with the early embryonic death previously reported in CENPU-/- mouse embryos. In conclusion, we demonstrate that with more than 400,000 genotypes, we can map very rare recessive lethal mutations segregating at a frequency below 1% in the population. We recommend performing new analyses regularly as data are accumulating.
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Das BRandO Biology and Outcome (BiO)-Projekt – eine Registerstudie zum biologischen Erkrankungsprofil und klinischen Verlauf bei Mamma- und Ovarialkarzinomen (BReast and Ovarian Cancer). Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2019. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1693896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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A missense mutation (p.Tyr452Cys) in the CAD gene compromises reproductive success in French Normande cattle. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:6340-6356. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract OT1-11-01: The BRandO BiO registry – A multicenter regional registry for patients with primary breast and ovarian cancer with longitudinal biobanking and evaluation of epidemiological, life style and quality of life factors. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-ot1-11-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Further progress in the treatment of breast cancer will likely come from contributions of molecular biology and immunologic approaches. The search for druggable molecular aberrations may enable treatment based on the molecular profile. A better identification of patients with a high risk of relapse facilitates the selection of these pts for clinical trials investigating early therapeutic molecular-based interventions.
Trial Design:
The BRandO BiO Registry is a multi-center regional registry to record clinical, epidemiological, and biological data from patients with newly diagnosed breast and ovarian cancer at the University of Ulm, Dept. of Gynecology and 19 affiliated network hospitals and practices in the Alb-Allgäu Bodensee region (outreach area of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm). Longitudinal biobanking is included with collection of paraffin-embedded samples of the primary tumor as well as blood samples at first diagnosis, after 6 and 12 months and at first relapse to isolate and investigate cell-free and germline DNA. Epidemiological, life style and quality of life (QOL) questionnaires are collected at first diagnosis, after 12, 36 and 60 months. The follow up is planned for 10 years.
Eligibility criteria:
Patients with primary newly diagnosed untreated breast or ovarian cancer of ≥ 18 years are eligible; primary metastatic untreated disease is allowed. Exclusion criteria comprise severe neurological or psychiatric disorders interfering with the ability to give an informed consent, no consent for registration, storage and processing of the individual disease characteristics and bio samples, and any malignant tumor in the last 3 years (except in situ disease).
Specific aims:
To register the majority of patients with newly diagnosed breast or ovarian cancer in all BRandO-BiO participating centers of a well-defined geographical area. To assess clinical characteristics and outcome data (event-free survival, overall survival) of these patients. To evaluate the primary tumor of all patients for mutational (druggable) aberrations. Further to assess cell-free DNA in the serial blood samples at baseline, 6 and 12 months and correlate these results with clinical outcome data as well as tumor and patient characteristics to look for early markers predicting relapse. To perform a longitudinal assessment of the patients' sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, lifestyle and QOL factors by analyzing serial questionnaires collected at recruitment and at 12, 36 and 60 months.
Present accrual and target accrual:
The BRandO BiO Registry started January 2016 in the Dept. of Gynecology, University of Ulm and February 2017 at the network hospitals and practices. Until June 2018, 1180 patients with primary breast or ovarian cancer have been enrolled. The current adherence to serial blood testing and serial questionnaires is good with a return rate of 90%. A sample size of 3000 patients is planned.
Contact information:
Jens Huober, University of Ulm, Dept of Gynecology, Breast Center, jens.huober@uniklinik-ulm.de
Amelie de Gregorio, University of Ulm, Dept of Gynecology, Breast Center, Amelie.de Gregorio@uniklinik-ulm.de
Citation Format: Huober J, Nagel G, Rempen A, Schlicht E, Flock F, Fritz S, Thiel F, Wiesmüller L, Felderbaum R, Heilmann V, Bekes I, Fink V, Albrecht S, De Gregorio N, Tzschaschel M, Ernst K, Wolf C, Kuhn P, Friedl T, Janni W, De Gregorio A. The BRandO BiO registry – A multicenter regional registry for patients with primary breast and ovarian cancer with longitudinal biobanking and evaluation of epidemiological, life style and quality of life factors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT1-11-01.
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Intraductal tubular papillary neoplasm (ITPN), a novel entity of pancreatic epithelial neoplasms and precursor of cancer: A case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Case Rep 2019; 55:187-191. [PMID: 30753991 PMCID: PMC6370588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraductal tubular papillary neoplasm (ITPN) displays a very rare subtype of epithelial neoplasms of the pancreas. To date, little is known about ITPN and particularly about pancreatic cancer arising in this tumor entity. ITPN reveals a potential of malignant transformation. Radical surgical resection and oncologic follow-up is warranted. When compared to ductal adenocarcinoma, patients with ITPN reveal less lymph node metastasis and a better overall survival.
Background Intraductal tubular papillary neoplasm (ITPN) displays a very rare subtype of epithelial neoplasms of the pancreas. ITPN is characterized by intraductal tubulopapillary growth and cellular dysplasia. In contrast to intraductal papillary neoplasm (IPMN) no overt epithelial mucin production is observed. To date, little is known about ITPN and particularly about pancreatic cancer arising in this tumor entity. Case presentation A 68-year-old male presented at our hospital with a distal bile duct occlusion suspicious for adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head. Preoperative staging revealed no signs of distant metastasis. The patient was surgically explored and pylorus preserving duodenopancreatectomy was performed for a solid pancreatic head tumor. Final histopathology surprisingly revealed an ITPN with an associated invasive carcinoma pT3, pN0 (0/12), R0, G2. Discussion Patients with ITPN frequently present with jaundice suspicious for a bile duct stenosis or a malignant tumor of the pancreatic head. Although, it is possible to diagnose ITPN by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography, many tumors are found not before histopathological examination. Differential diagnosis includes ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, neuroendocrine tumors, IPMN, distal bile duct tumors, and solid pseudopapillary neoplasms. Using immunohistochemistry, other entities of pancreatic tumors can be ruled out. In case of R0 resection oncological prognosis is described to be more favorable when compared to regular ductal adenocarcinoma. Conclusion ITPN displays a rare entity of pancreatic neoplasms. As shown in the present case report, there is a relevant potential of malignant transformation and therefore radical surgical resection and oncologic follow-up is warranted.
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118 Contribution of sperm methylome to bull fertility and interactions with DNA polymorphism. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Short communication: Confirmation of candidate causative variants on milk composition and cheesemaking properties in Montbéliarde cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:10076-10081. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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PHARMACOKINETICS OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN C1 ESTERASE INHIBITOR FOR TREATMENT OF HEREDITARY ANGIOEDEMA ATTACKS IN CHILDREN. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.09.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Golgin A4 in CSF and granulovacuolar degenerations of patients with Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2018; 91:e1799-e1808. [PMID: 30305446 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To isolate and identify a new, as yet unknown molecule in CSF that could serve as marker for Alzheimer disease. METHODS We immunized mice with human CSF and fused hybridomas for monoclonal antibodies and screened these antibodies for their capacity to discriminate CSF of patients with Alzheimer disease from CSF of controls. We then chromatographically isolated the antigen to the best discriminating antibody and identified the antigen using mass spectrometric methods. Thereafter, we quantified the CSF concentration of the antigen in a new cohort of patients with Alzheimer disease and controls and performed immunohistochemistry of postmortem brain tissue derived from patients with Alzheimer disease and controls. RESULTS We generated >200 hybridomas and selected 1 antibody that discriminated CSF from patients with Alzheimer disease from that of controls. We identified golgin A4 as the antigen detected by this antibody. Golgin A4 concentration was significantly higher in CSF from patients with Alzheimer disease than in CSF of controls (145 [interquartile range 125-155] vs 115 [ 99-128] pg/mL, p < 0.001) and demonstrated a substantial discriminative power (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.67-0.94). Immunohistochemistry of postmortem brain sections from patients with Alzheimer disease revealed a significant accumulation of golgin A4 in granulovacuolar degeneration bodies (GVBs). CONCLUSIONS These results support the notion that golgin A4 could serve as a diagnostic marker in Alzheimer disease. For validation of this notion, prospective multicenter diagnostic studies will evaluate golgin A4 as diagnostic marker for Alzheimer disease. Furthermore, it has to be determined whether the association of golgin A4 with GVBs is an epiphenomenon or whether golgin A4 plays a more direct role in Alzheimer disease, allowing it to serve as a target in therapeutic treatment strategies. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that elevated CSF golgin A4 levels identify patients with Alzheimer disease.
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Das BRandO Biology and Outcome (BiO)-Projekt – eine Registerstudie zum biologischen Erkrankungsprofil und klinischen Verlauf bei Mamma- und Ovarialkarzinomen (BReast and Ovarian Cancer). Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Erste epidemiologische Daten zum Patientenkollektiv des BRandO Biology and Outcome (BiO)-Projekts (BReast and Ovarian Cancer). Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
Background
Hyperglycemia leading to increased oxidative stress is implicated in the increased risk for the development of macrovascular and microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Methods and Results
A random subcohort of 349 participants was selected from the
DCCT
/
EDIC
(Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications) cohort. This included 320 controls and 29 cardiovascular disease cases that were augmented with 98 additional known cases to yield a case cohort of 447 participants (320 controls, 127 cases). Biosamples from
DCCT
baseline, year 1, and closeout of
DCCT
, and 1 to 2 years post‐
DCCT
(
EDIC
years 1 and 2) were measured for markers of oxidative stress, including plasma myeloperoxidase, paraoxonase activity, urinary F
2α
isoprostanes, and its metabolite, 2,3 dinor‐8
iso
prostaglandin F
2α
. Following adjustment for glycated hemoblobin and weighting the observations inversely proportional to the sampling selection probabilities, higher paraoxonase activity, reflective of antioxidant activity, and 2,3 dinor‐8
iso
prostaglandin F
2α
, an oxidative marker, were significantly associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease (−4.5% risk for 10% higher paraoxonase,
P
<0.003; −5.3% risk for 10% higher 2,3 dinor‐8
iso
prostaglandin F
2α
,
P
=0.0092). In contrast, the oxidative markers myeloperoxidase and F
2α
isoprostanes were not significantly associated with cardiovascular disease after adjustment for glycated hemoblobin. There were no significant differences between
DCCT
intensive and conventional treatment groups in the change in all biomarkers across time segments.
Conclusions
Heightened antioxidant activity (rather than diminished oxidative stress markers) is associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk in type 1 diabetes mellitus, but these biomarkers did not change over time with intensification of glycemic control.
Clinical Trial Registration
URL
:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers:
NCT
00360815 and
NCT
00360893.
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Pylorus drainage procedures in thoracoabdominal esophagectomy - a single-center experience and review of the literature. BMC Surg 2018; 18:13. [PMID: 29490701 PMCID: PMC5831596 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-018-0347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pylorotomy and pyloroplasty in thoracoabdominal esophagectomy are routinely performed in many high-volume centers to prevent delayed gastric emptying (DGE) due to truncal vagotomy. Currently, controversy remains regarding the need for these practices. The present study aimed to determine the value and role of pyloric drainage procedures in esophagectomy with gastric replacement. METHODS A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was performed for all consecutive patients who underwent thoracoabdominal resection of the esophagus between January 2009 and December 2016 at the Katharinenhospital in Stuttgart, Germany. Clinicopathologic features and surgical outcomes were evaluated with a focus on postoperative nutrition and gastric emptying. RESULTS The study group included 170 patients who underwent thoracoabdominal esophageal resection with a gastric conduit using the Ivor Lewis approach. The median age of the patients was 64 years. Most patients were male (81%), and most suffered from adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (75%). The median hospital stay was 20 days, and the 30-day hospital death rate was 2.9%. According to the department standard, pylorotomy, pyloroplasty, or other pyloric drainage procedures were not performed in any of the patients. Overall, 28/170 patients showed clinical signs of DGE (16.5%). CONCLUSIONS In the literature, the rate of DGE after thoracoabdominal esophagectomy is reported to be approximately 15%, even with the use of pyloric drainage procedures. This rate is comparable to that reported in the present series in which no pyloric drainage procedures were performed. Therefore, we believe that pyloric drainage procedures may be unwarranted in thoracoabdominal esophagectomy. However, future randomized trials are needed to ultimately confirm this supposition.
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Resection of benign side-branch intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas-is long term follow-up indicated?: A case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9894. [PMID: 29443760 PMCID: PMC5839808 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas (IPMNs) are benign cystic tumors with a relevant risk of malignant transformation over time. Currently, follow-up after surgical resection of benign IPMNs remains controversial. PATIENT CONCERNS This is a case report of a 68-year-old male who underwent pancreatic head resection for a multicystic side-branch IPMN with low-grade epithelial dysplasia in March 2009 at the Katharinenhospital Stuttgart, Germany. DIAGNOSES During postoperative follow-up, a new solid, slightly hypodense lesion in the tail of the pancreas measuring 2.4 cm in diameter was diagnosed in July 2016. Preoperative staging revealed no signs of distant metastasis. INTERVENTION Subsequently, the patient underwent pancreatic tail resection including splenectomy. Histology revealed IPMN-associated adenocarcinoma of the pancreas pT3, pN1 (2/24), M0, R0. OUTCOMES Patients with IPMN bare a relatively high overall risk of developing pancreatic cancer. The 5-year incidence has been described to be as high as 6.9%. The current Consensus-Guidelines therefore recommend a structural life-time follow-up. In contrast, in 2015 the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) explicitly states that follow-up is not recommended for resected benign IPMN. Currently, a general and international consensus is lacking. LESSONS The presented case demonstrates that even more than 5 years following resection of benign IPMN, pancreatic cancer can occur in a separate location of the pancreatic gland. We believe that IPMNs can be considered as indicator lesions for pancreatic cancer. Patients with resected side-branch IPMN should therefore undergo long term follow-up.
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67 Influence of Metabolic Status and Genetic Merit for Fertility on Proteomic Composition of Bovine Uterine Luminal Fluid. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv30n1ab67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive selection strategies focusing on increased milk yield over several decades has been associated with a decline in fertility in dairy cows. To study the effect of the genetic merit for fertility and the metabolic status of the female on the oocyte, early embryo and the maternal environment, 2 animal models were established. The genetic merit model involved Holstein heifers with a low (LFH) and high fertility (HFH) index and heifers from the Montbéliarde breed (MBD), known to have good reproductive performance. The metabolic model comprised samples from maiden heifers (MH), postpartum lactating cows (Lact), and non-lactating cows (dried off immediately after calving; Dry). A common pool of Day 7 embryos recovered from superovulated and artificially inseminated Holstein heifers were transferred into synchronised recipients (1/recipient) of the above-mentioned animal models and uterine lumen fluid (ULF) of confirmed pregnant animals was recovered on Day 19 post-oestrus. As communication between the conceptus and the uterine environment is crucial for the successful establishment of pregnancy, we analysed uterine luminal fluid of pregnant cows from both models using a holistic proteomic approach. Using nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis combined with a label-free quantification approach, we analysed the uterine luminal fluid from the uterine horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum (where the conceptus was located in all cases). A total of 2127 proteins were quantified in all samples of both models. Among this set of proteins, 458 were found to differ significantly (P-value < 0.05) in abundance between the groups of the genetic model, and 141 were altered in abundance in the metabolic model. The majority of proteome differences in ULF samples was found comparing HFH to the LFH group (358) and between Dry and Lact cows (70) in the metabolic model. Evaluation of this dataset using bioinformatic tools comprising DAVID GO and gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the affected proteins were predominantly assigned to the terms “translation”, “monosaccharide metabolic process”, “enzyme inhibitor activity”, “lipid binding”, and “response to oxidative stress”. Our study revealed that metabolic status and genetic merit for fertility lead to quantitative molecular differences at the level of proteins in uterine fluid of pregnant animals, thus altering the microenvironment for the early conceptus.
This research was funded by European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant agreement no. 312097 (‘FECUND’).
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KIRREL is differentially expressed in adipose tissue from 'fertil+' and 'fertil-' cows: in vitro role in ovary? Reproduction 2017; 155:183-198. [PMID: 29170164 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that dairy cows carrying the 'fertil-' haplotype for one quantitative trait locus affecting female fertility located on the bovine chromosome three (QTL-F-Fert-BTA3) have a significantly lower conception rate and body weight after calving than cows carrying the 'fertil+' haplotype. Here, we compared by Tiling Array the expression of genes included in the QTL-F-Fert-BTA3 in 'fertil+' and 'fertil-' adipose tissue one week after calving when plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were greater in 'fertil-' animals. We observed that thirty-one genes were overexpressed whereas twelve were under-expressed in 'fertil+' as compared to 'fertil-' cows (P < 0.05). By quantitative PCR and immunoblot we confirmed that adipose tissue KIRREL mRNA and protein were significantly greater expressed in 'fertil+' than in 'fertil-'. KIRREL mRNA is abundant in bovine kidney, adipose tissue, pituitary, and ovary and detectable in hypothalamus and mammary gland. Its expression (mRNA and protein) is greater in kidney of 'fertil+' than 'fertil-' cows (P < 0.05). KIRREL (mRNA and protein) is also present in the different ovarian cells with a greater expression in granulosa cells of 'fertil+' than 'fertil-' cows. In cultured granulosa cells, recombinant KIRREL halved steroid secretion in basal state (P < 0.05). It also decreased cell proliferation (P < 0.05) and in vitro oocyte maturation (P < 0.05). These results were associated to a rapid increase in MAPK1/3 and MAPK14 phosphorylation in granulosa cells and to a decrease in MAPK1/3 phosphorylation in oocyte. Thus, KIRREL could be a potential metabolic messenger linking body composition and fertility.
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Genomic evaluation of regional dairy cattle breeds in single-breed and multibreed contexts. J Anim Breed Genet 2016; 134:3-13. [PMID: 27917542 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An important prerequisite for high prediction accuracy in genomic prediction is the availability of a large training population, which allows accurate marker effect estimation. This requirement is not fulfilled in case of regional breeds with a limited number of breeding animals. We assessed the efficiency of the current French routine genomic evaluation procedure in four regional breeds (Abondance, Tarentaise, French Simmental and Vosgienne) as well as the potential benefits when the training populations consisting of males and females of these breeds are merged to form a multibreed training population. Genomic evaluation was 5-11% more accurate than a pedigree-based BLUP in three of the four breeds, while the numerically smallest breed showed a < 1% increase in accuracy. Multibreed genomic evaluation was beneficial for two breeds (Abondance and French Simmental) with maximum gains of 5 and 8% in correlation coefficients between yield deviations and genomic estimated breeding values, when compared to the single-breed genomic evaluation results. Inflation of genomic evaluation of young candidates was also reduced. Our results indicate that genomic selection can be effective in regional breeds as well. Here, we provide empirical evidence proving that genetic distance between breeds is only one of the factors affecting the efficiency of multibreed genomic evaluation.
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Enucleation: A treatment alternative for branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. Surgery 2016; 161:602-610. [PMID: 27884612 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small, asymptomatic, branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas are often kept under surveillance despite their malignant potential. The management of branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm is controversial with regard to indications and extent of any operative intervention. The present study aimed to evaluate enucleation as an alternative operative approach for branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms to exclude and prevent malignancy. METHODS For branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of <30 mm in diameter and an acceptable distance from the main pancreatic duct, enucleation was considered as the operative approach of choice. All patients scheduled for enucleation of branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm on the basis of these features between January 2004 and September 2014 were analyzed. Among these, patients with successful enucleation were compared with those who were scheduled for enucleation but converted intraoperatively to pancreatic resection (intention-to-treat analysis). End points were hospital morbidity and mortality as well as histopathology and functional outcome at a mean follow-up of 32 months. RESULTS In the study, 115 patients with presumed branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and the intention to perform pancreatic enucleation were included; 87 enucleations were performed in 74 patients. In 41 patients, enucleation was converted to a pancreatic resection (procedure-specific success rate 64%); indications for conversion included location or size (46%), presence of multicystic lesions (39%), or involvement of the main pancreatic duct (15%). Of the 74 patients with enucleation, 64 branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms revealed low- (85%), 11% moderate dysplasia-, and 4% high-grade dysplasia on histology. Among converted resections, 6 intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms revealed high-grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma (15%). Intention-to-treat analysis with patients converted to pancreatic resection showed that enucleations resulted in less blood loss (100 vs 400 mL) and a shorter operation time (146 vs 255 minutes; P < .001 each). Postoperative morbidity including postoperative pancreatic fistula was similar in both groups. No mortality occurred after enucleation; after formal resection, 1 patient died due to multiorgan failure. Both hospital stay (10 vs 14 days) and rates of postoperative endocrine and exocrine dysfunction rates were less after enucleation (P < .02 each). Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm-specific recurrence rates (3% vs 6%) were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION Enucleation is a safe procedure that can be performed successfully in a high proportion of branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and should be considered instead of standard resections as an important function-preserving alternative. Limitations may occur due to malignancy, size, localization, multilocularity, or main-duct involvement requiring conversion to a formal, anatomic resection. Beside the advantages in the short-term course, functional outcome seems to be superior after enucleation, and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm-specific recurrence rates are not increased compared with standard resections, at least at a mean follow-up of 32 months.
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Whole-genome scan to detect quantitative trait loci associated with milk protein composition in 3 French dairy cattle breeds. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:8203-8215. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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0408 How is genomics changing cattle breeding? J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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P8006 Identification and characterization of copy number variations in cattle. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2016.94supplement4183a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Electrochemical Effects after Transarterial Chemoembolization in Combination with Percutaneous Irreversible Electroporation: Observations in an Acute Porcine Liver Model. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016; 27:913-921.e2. [PMID: 27103147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of combined use of transarterial chemoembolization and irreversible electroporation (IRE) for focal tissue ablation in an acute porcine liver model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two established interventional techniques were combined: IRE with zones of irreversible and reversible electroporation and chemoembolization with microspheres, iodized oil, and doxorubicin. IRE was performed before chemoembolization in two pigs (pigs 1 and 2; IRE/chemoembolization group), chemoembolization was performed before IRE in two pigs (pigs 3 and 4; chemoembolization/IRE group), and only IRE was performed in two pigs (pigs 5 and 6). Five study groups were defined: IRE/chemoembolization (pigs 1 and 2), chemoembolization/IRE (pigs 3 and 4), IRE only (pigs 5 and 6), chemoembolization only (tissue outside the IRE zones in pigs 1-4), and control (untreated liver tissue outside the IRE zones in pigs 5 and 6). Animals were euthanized 2 hours after intervention. Size and shape of IRE zones on contrast-enhanced computed tomography, cell death on light microscopy, and doxorubicin tissue concentrations on chromatography and fluorescence microscopy were analyzed. RESULTS Size and shape of IRE zones were not significantly different (eg, P = .067 for volume). A histologic marker for irreversible cell death was positive in IRE/chemoembolization, chemoembolization/IRE, and IRE groups only in the macroscopically visible IRE zones. Doxorubicin tissue concentrations were not significantly different (P = .873). However, in the reversible electroporation (RE) zones, broad areas with intense intranuclear doxorubicin accumulation were observed in IRE/chemoembolization but not in chemoembolization/IRE and chemoembolization groups. CONCLUSIONS IRE before chemoembolization enhances the intranuclear accumulation of doxorubicin in the RE zone.
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Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas: radiological predictors of malignant transformation and the introduction of bile duct dilation to current guidelines. Br J Radiol 2016; 89:20150853. [PMID: 26959611 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20150853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the current guidelines as a model to predict malignancy and to determine further radiological predictors of malignancy in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs). METHODS 384 patients who had undergone a pancreatic operation with the pathological diagnosis of IPMN as well as applicable pre-operative imaging (CT/MRI) were included in the study. Images were evaluated retrospectively in consensus by two radiologists, using a standardized checklist. Descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression and receiver operator curve analysis were performed to assess the International Consensus Guidelines and other radiological predictors of clinical malignancy (defined as carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma). RESULTS The best independent predictors of malignancy (n = 191) were solid components [odds ratio (OR) 3.98], parenchymal atrophy with main pancreatic duct dilation 5-9 mm (OR: 5.1) and common bile duct (CBD) dilation (OR: 31.26). >96% of all cases with CBD dilation were malignant IPMNs (positive-predictive value 96.4%; negative-predictive value 63.1%). Analysis of the current guidelines showed a diagnostic improvement with the addition of CBD dilation on determining the malignancy of IPMNs (sensitivity 82.2%/86.9%; specificity 72.7%/74.6%). Subanalysis of branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD-IPMNs; n = 168) also resulted in a diagnostic improvement with the addition of CBD dilation (sensitivity 28.6%/45.2%; specificity 92.9%/92.1%). The best independent predictors of malignancy for BD-IPMNs were parenchymal atrophy (OR: 4.00) and CBD dilation (OR: 29.3). Frequency analysis revealed that even small BD-IPMNs had already undergone malignant transformation (≤1 cm: 15%; 1-2 cm: 26%; 2-3 cm: 20%) with about 10% of those having a dilated bile duct. CONCLUSION CBD dilation was a significant positive predictor of malignancy in IPMNs regardless of their size. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Introduction of CBD dilation as a radiological predictor for malignancy might increase the diagnostic accuracy of current imaging-based guidelines.
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Fluid collection after distal pancreatectomy: a frequent finding. HPB (Oxford) 2016; 18:35-40. [PMID: 26776849 PMCID: PMC4750236 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluid collections (FC) at the resection margin of the pancreatic stump after distal pancreatectomy (DP) are common radiological findings in follow-up scans. No recommendations exist regarding the management of such findings. The aim was to characterise incidence, risk factors, clinical impact and therapy of FC. METHOD Data of 209 patients who underwent DP between 07/2009 and 06/2011 were prospectively collected and analysed, regarding follow-up CT or MRI scan findings of FC at the resection margin. FC was defined as a cyst-like lesion >1 cm in diameter. RESULTS A follow-up with at least two cross-sectional images was available in 159/209 patients. In the first postoperative control, 68 patients showed an FC (43%). FC size was classified as <5 cm (n = 38 pat.), 5-10 cm (n = 24 pat.) and >10 cm (n = 6 pat.). 20 patients (30%) showed clinical symptoms. Six patients (9%) required specific treatment, all other FC showed spontaneous regression. No correlation with stump closure techniques or preceding postoperative pancreatic fistula was found (4/68 patients, 6%). Multivariate analysis revealed standard resections as the only significant factor for FC. CONCLUSIONS FCs at the resection margin after DP are frequent and harmless findings. Therapeutic interventions are required in only 9% of all FC patients.
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Surgical ampullectomy: an underestimated operation in the era of endoscopy. HPB (Oxford) 2016; 18:65-71. [PMID: 26776853 PMCID: PMC4750227 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Benign neoplastic, inflammatory or functional pathologies of the ampulla of Vater are mainly treated by primary endoscopic interventions. Consequently, transduodenal surgical ampullectomy (TSA) has been abandoned in many centres, although it represents an important tool not only after unsuccessful endoscopic treatment. The aim of the study was to analyse TSA for benign lesions of the ampulla of Vater. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients who underwent TSA between 2001 and 2014 were included. Patients were analysed in terms of indications, postoperative morbidity and mortality as well as long-term success. RESULTS Eighty-three patients underwent TSA. Indications included adenomas in 44 and inflammatory stenosis in 39 patients. 96% of the patients had undergone endoscopic therapeutic approaches prior to TSA (median no. of interventions n = 3). Postoperative morbidity occurred in 20 patients (24%). There was one procedure-associated death (mortality 1.2%). The mean follow-up was 54 months. Long-term overall success rate for TSA was 83.6%. After TSA for ampullary adenoma, the recurrence rate was 4.5%. CONCLUSION TSA is an underestimated surgical procedure, which can be performed safely with high long-term efficacy. It can be implemented in clinical algorithms for patients with benign pathologies of the ampulla of Vater, particularly after unsuccessful endoscopic treatment.
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Postoperative pancreatic fistula: We need to redefine grades B and C. Surgery 2015; 159:872-7. [PMID: 26603847 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is the most important complication after pancreatic surgery. In 2005, the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS) introduced a standardized POPF definition with severity grading from A to C. In recent years, interventional drainage (ID) has become the standard of care for symptomatic postoperative fluid collections or undrained POPF. From the original definition, it is unclear whether ID is categorized as POPF grade B or C. Therefore, international authors shift ID between grades B and C. The aim of the study was to analyze patients with ID (proposed new grade B) versus patients who underwent reoperation (grade C) for POPF. METHODS Between 2005 and 2013, all patients undergoing pancreatic resection were analyzed regarding POPF grade A-C. Demographic data, type of operation, postoperative complications, therapies and outcome were examined with focus on ID versus reoperation. RESULTS Of the 2,955 patients included, 403 developed POPF (13.6%). Among all POPF, 11% were grade A, 17% grade B (clinically symptomatic without ID), and 72% grade C. These patients underwent either ID (n = 165) or reoperation (n = 123). Patients with ID had an average hospital stay of 33 days and POPF-associated mortality of 0%. This was strikingly different from patients undergoing reoperation with a hospital stay of 47 days and POPF-associated mortality of 37% (P < .0001). CONCLUSION After 10 years of the ISGPS classification, there is a clear-cut outcome difference between patients undergoing POPF-associated ID or reoperation. We propose assigning all patients undergoing ID as POPF grade B. Patients undergoing reoperation should definitely remain within category C.
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Main- and Branch-Duct Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms: Extent of Surgical Resection. VISZERALMEDIZIN 2015; 31:38-42. [PMID: 26288614 PMCID: PMC4433135 DOI: 10.1159/000375111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Surgical treatment of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) requires a differentiated approach regarding indications and extent of resection. Methods The review summarizes the current literature on indication, timing, and surgical procedures in IPMN. Results The most important differentiation has to be made between main-duct and branch-duct IPMN as well as mixed-type lesions that biologically mimic main-duct types. In main-duct and mixed-type IPMN, the resection should be indicated by the time of the diagnosis – in accordance with the international consensus guidelines – and should follow oncological principles. Depending on IPMN localization, this implies partial pancreatoduodenectomy, distal pancreatectomy, or total pancreatectomy and includes the corresponding types of lymphadenectomy. Furthermore, branch-duct IPMN > 3 cm or bearing high-risk features (mural nodules in magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, or endoscopic ultrasound imaging; symptomatic lesions; elevated tumor markers) are similarly treated. As the risk for malignancy in smaller branch-duct IPMN is lower, the decision for surgical treatment is often individually made – despite the updated 2012 guidelines. In these lesions, limited surgical approaches, including enucleation and central pancreatectomy, are possible. Conclusion Timely and radical resection of IPMN offers the unique opportunity to prevent pancreatic cancer, and even in malignant IPMN surgery can offer a curative approach with excellent long-term outcome in early stages. A structured imaging follow-up should be considered to recognize IPMN recurrence and metachronous pancreatic cancer as well as gastrointestinal neoplasias by endoscopic surveillance.
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Natural History and Management of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms: Current Evidence. VISZERALMEDIZIN 2015; 31:25-30. [PMID: 26288612 PMCID: PMC4433132 DOI: 10.1159/000375186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background With the use of modern cross-sectional abdominal imaging modalities, an increasing number of cystic pancreatic lesions are identified incidentally. Although there is no pathological diagnosis available in most cases, it is believed that the majority of these lesions display small branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD-IPMNs) of the pancreas. Even though a number of large clinical series have been published, many uncertainties remain with regard to this entity of mucinous cystic neoplasms. Methods Systematic literature review. Results Main-duct (MD) and mixed-type IPMNs harbor a high risk of malignant transformation. It is conceivable that most IPMNs with involvement of the main duct tend to progress to invasive carcinoma over time. Thus, formal oncologic resection is the treatment of choice in surgically fit patients. In contrast, the data regarding BD-IPMN remain equivocal, resulting in conflicting concepts. To date, it is not clear whether and which BD-IPMNs progress to carcinoma and how long this progression takes. Conclusion While patients with MD-IPMNs should undergo surgical resection if comorbidities and life expectancy permit this, the management of small BD-IPMNs remains controversial. Population-based studies with long-term follow-up are needed to define which cohort of patients can be observed safely without immediate resection.
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Abstract
Fertility is a major concern in the dairy cattle industry and has been the subject of numerous studies over the past 20 years. Surprisingly, most of these studies focused on rough female phenotypes and, despite their important role in reproductive success, male- and embryo-related traits have been poorly investigated. In recent years, the rapid and important evolution of technologies in genetic research has led to the development of genomic selection. The generalisation of this method in combination with the achievements of the AI industry have led to the constitution of large databases of genotyping and sequencing data, as well as refined phenotypes and pedigree records. These resources offer unprecedented opportunities in terms of fundamental and applied research. Here we present five such examples with a focus on reproduction-related traits: (1) detection of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for male fertility and semen quality traits; (2) detection of QTL for refined phenotypes associated with female fertility; (3) identification of recessive embryonic lethal mutations by depletion of homozygous haplotypes; (4) identification of recessive embryonic lethal mutations by mining whole-genome sequencing data; and (5) the contribution of high-density single nucleotide polymorphism chips, whole-genome sequencing and imputation to increasing the power of QTL detection methods and to the identification of causal variants.
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Emergency pancreatic surgery--demanding and dangerous. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2015; 400:837-41. [PMID: 26149078 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-015-1321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elective pancreatic surgery can be carried out with mortality rates below 5% in specialized centers today. Only few data exist on pancreatic resections in emergency situations. The aim of the study was to characterize indications, procedures, and outcome of emergency pancreatic surgery in a tertiary center. METHODS Prospectively collected data of all patients undergoing pancreatic operations at the authors' institution between October 2001 and December 2012 were analyzed regarding primary emergency operations in terms of indications, procedures, perioperative complications, and outcome. Emergency operations after preceding resections were excluded from the analysis. RESULTS Twenty-three emergency operations were performed during the observation period. Indications were duodenal perforation (n = 8), upper GI bleeding (n = 6), complicated pseudocysts (n = 3), bile duct perforation (n = 2), pancreatic bleeding after blunt abdominal trauma (n = 1), pancreatic stent perforation (n = 1), necrotizing cholecystitis (n = 1), and ileus (n = 1). Procedures included partial and total duodeno-pancreatectomy (n = 15), cystojejunostomy (n = 2), distal pancreatectomy (n = 4), reconstruction of the ampulla Vateri (n = 1), and duodenectomy (n = 1). Median intraoperative blood loss was 750 (200-2500) ml and OP time 4.25 (1.75-9.25) h. Mean ICU stay was 21.3 (1-80) days with an overall surgical morbidity of 52.2%. Overall in-hospital mortality was 34.8% (8/23 pat.). CONCLUSIONS Emergency pancreatic operations are infrequent and mainly performed due to duodenal perforation or bleeding; blunt abdominal trauma is rarely leading to emergency pancreas resections. They are associated with an increased morbidity and mortality and require a high level of surgical as well as interdisciplinary experience. Perioperative anesthesiological care and interventional radiological complication management are essential to improve outcome in this selective patient collective.
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Risk of pancreatic fistula after enucleation of pancreatic tumours. Br J Surg 2015; 102:1258-66. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Enucleation is used increasingly for small pancreatic tumours. Data on perioperative outcome after pancreatic enucleation, especially regarding the significance and risk factors associated with postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF), are limited. This study aimed to assess risk-dependent perioperative outcome after pancreatic enucleation, with a focus on POPF.
Methods
Patients undergoing enucleation for pancreatic lesions between October 2001 and February 2014 were identified from a prospective database. A detailed analysis of morbidity was performed. Risk factors for POPF were assessed by univariable and multivariable analyses.
Results
Of 166 enucleations, 94 (56·6 per cent) were performed for cystic and 72 (43·4 per cent) for solid lesions. Morbidity was observed in 91 patients (54·8 per cent). Severe complications occurred in 30 patients (18·1 per cent), and one patient (0·6 per cent) died. Reoperation was necessary in nine patients (5·4 per cent). POPF was the main determinant of outcome and occurred in 68 patients (41·0 per cent): grade A POPF, 34 (20·5 per cent); grade B, ten (6·0 per cent); and grade C, 24 (14·5 per cent). Risk factors independently associated with POPF were: cystic tumour, localization in the pancreatic tail, history of pancreatitis and cardiac co-morbidity. Only cystic morphology was independently associated with clinically relevant POPF (grade B or C), occurring after enucleation in 25 (27 per cent) of 94 patients with cystic tumours versus nine (13 per cent) of 72 patients with solid tumours. Tumour size and distance to the main duct were not associated with risk of POPF.
Conclusion
Enucleation is a safe procedure in appropriately selected patients with a low rate of severe complications. POPF is the main determinant of outcome and is more frequent after the enucleation of cystic lesions.
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Sustainable dairy cattle selection in the genomic era. J Anim Breed Genet 2015; 132:135-43. [DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Abstract
Cystic lesions of the pancreas are increasingly recognized due to the widespread use of modern abdominal imaging technologies. The majority of these lesions display pseudocysts and mucinous cystic neoplasms. In contrast to pseudocysts, it is well established that mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas exhibit a significant potential for malignant transformation over time. Among mucinous cystic tumors, the most frequently observed entity is pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). IPMNs are characterized by cystic dilation of pancreatic ducts and the production of mucus and by an adenoma-carcinoma sequence eventually culminating in invasive carcinoma in some patients. Due to the high risk of harboring malignancy, there is international consensus that IPMNs with involvement of the main pancreatic duct should be recommended for surgical resection. To date, the indication for surgery of branch-duct IPMNs is controversially discussed because of the overall lower risk of malignant transformation compared to main-duct IPMNs. Particularly for small and asymptomatic side-branch IPMNs, the indication for surgical resection remains challenging. In addition to the international consensus guidelines, a number of potential preoperative features predicting malignant transformation have been discussed recently. Moreover, novel surgical pancreatic parenchyma-sparing techniques such as enucleations or segmental pancreatic resections have been reported in order to treat IPMNs. The present article aims to demonstrate the current scientific knowledge in this field and to highlight the current controversy.
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Abstract
Genomic tools are now available for most livestock species and are used routinely for genomic selection (GS) in cattle. One of the most important developments resulting from the introduction of genomic testing for dairy cattle is the application of reasonably priced low-density single nucleotide polymorphism technology in the selection of females. In this context, combining genome testing and reproductive biotechnologies in young heifers enables new strategies to generate replacement and elite females in a given period of time. Moreover, multiple markers have been detected in biopsies of preimplantation stage embryos, thus paving the way to develop new strategies based on preimplantation diagnosis and the genetic screening of embryos. Based on recent advances in GS, the present review focuses on new possibilities inherent in reproductive technologies used for commercial purposes and in genetic schemes, possible side effects and beneficial impacts on reproductive efficiency. A particular focus is on the different steps allowing embryo genotyping, including embryo micromanipulation, DNA production and quality assessment.
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Diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune pancreatitis types 1 and 2. Br J Surg 2014; 101:1257-65. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is characterized by diffuse or focal swelling of the pancreas. AIP has been divided into types 1 and 2. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the clinicopathological characteristics, therapy and outcome of patients with AIP.
Methods
The medical records of patients diagnosed with AIP between January 2003 and July 2011 were reviewed. Characteristics of patients with AIP types 1 and 2 were compared with those of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
Results
AIP was classified as type 1 in 40 patients and type 2 in 32 according to the HISORt (Histology, Imaging, Serology, Other organ involvement, Response to therapy) criteria. Patients with histologically confirmed AIP type 2 were younger than those with type 1 (P = 0·005). Some 30 of 32 patients with AIP type 2 were found to have a localized tumour-like pancreatic mass and underwent pancreatectomy, compared with only 16 of 40 with type 1 (P < 0·001). Three of 25 patients with AIP type 2 presented with raised serum levels of IgG4 compared with 21 of 38 with type 1 (P < 0·001). There was no difference in symptoms and involvement of other organs between AIP types 1 and 2. Presentation with weight loss was more common among patients with PDAC than those with AIP, but there was no difference in pain or jaundice between the groups. Raised serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels were more prevalent in patients with PDAC.
Conclusion
Patients with AIP type 2 frequently present with abdominal pain and a tumour-like mass. Differentiating AIP from PDAC is difficult, so making the clinical decision regarding operative versus conservative management is challenging.
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Irreversible electroporation of the pig kidney with involvement of the renal pelvis: technical aspects, clinical outcome, and three-dimensional CT rendering for assessment of the treatment zone. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2014; 24:1888-97. [PMID: 24267525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze irreversible electroporation (IRE) of the pig kidney with involvement of the renal pelvis. MATERIALS AND METHODS IRE of renal tissue including the pelvis was performed in 10 kidneys in five pigs. Three study groups were defined: group I (two applicators with parallel configuration; n = 11), group II (three applicators with triangular configuration; n = 2), and group III (six applicators with complex configuration; n = 3). After IRE and before euthanasia, pigs underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT). Technical aspects (radial distance of applicators, resulting mean current), clinical outcome (complications, blood samples), and three-dimensional CT rendering for assessment of the treatment zone (short axis, circularity) were assessed. RESULTS Radial distances of applicators were 14.3 mm ± 2.8 in group I, 12.3 mm ± 1.9 in group II, and 16.4 mm ± 3.5 in group III. Resulting mean currents were 25.7 A ± 6.5 in group I, 27.0 A ± 7.1 in group II, and 39.4 A ± 8.9 in group III. In group III, two perirenal hematomas were identified. There was no damage to the renal pelvis. During IRE, clinical blood parameters and cardiovascular markers did not change significantly. Short axis measurements were 20.6 mm ± 3.6 in group I, 31.9 mm ± 8.2 in group II, and 39.3 mm ± 2.4 in group III (P < .01 between groups). Circularity scores were 0.8 ± 0.2 in group I, 0.7 ± 0.1 in group II, and 0.7 ± 0.1 in group III, with a score of 1 indicating perfect roundness (P value not significant). CONCLUSIONS IRE of the pig kidney with involvement of the renal pelvis is feasible and safe. Size but not shape of the treatment zone is significantly affected by applicator configuration.
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Transarterielle Chemoembolisation (TACE) in Kombination mit irreversibler Elektroporation (IRE): Eine experimentelle Machbarkeitsstudie zur perkutanen Elektrochemotherapie in der Leber. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1373476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Efficiency of multi-breed genomic selection for dairy cattle breeds with different sizes of reference population. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:3918-29. [PMID: 24704232 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Single-breed genomic selection (GS) based on medium single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density (~50,000; 50K) is now routinely implemented in several large cattle breeds. However, building large enough reference populations remains a challenge for many medium or small breeds. The high-density BovineHD BeadChip (HD chip; Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA) containing 777,609 SNP developed in 2010 is characterized by short-distance linkage disequilibrium expected to be maintained across breeds. Therefore, combining reference populations can be envisioned. A population of 1,869 influential ancestors from 3 dairy breeds (Holstein, Montbéliarde, and Normande) was genotyped with the HD chip. Using this sample, 50K genotypes were imputed within breed to high-density genotypes, leading to a large HD reference population. This population was used to develop a multi-breed genomic evaluation. The goal of this paper was to investigate the gain of multi-breed genomic evaluation for a small breed. The advantage of using a large breed (Normande in the present study) to mimic a small breed is the large potential validation population to compare alternative genomic selection approaches more reliably. In the Normande breed, 3 training sets were defined with 1,597, 404, and 198 bulls, and a unique validation set included the 394 youngest bulls. For each training set, estimated breeding values (EBV) were computed using pedigree-based BLUP, single-breed BayesC, or multi-breed BayesC for which the reference population was formed by any of the Normande training data sets and 4,989 Holstein and 1,788 Montbéliarde bulls. Phenotypes were standardized by within-breed genetic standard deviation, the proportion of polygenic variance was set to 30%, and the estimated number of SNP with a nonzero effect was about 7,000. The 2 genomic selection (GS) approaches were performed using either the 50K or HD genotypes. The correlations between EBV and observed daughter yield deviations (DYD) were computed for 6 traits and using the different prediction approaches. Compared with pedigree-based BLUP, the average gain in accuracy with GS in small populations was 0.057 for the single-breed and 0.086 for multi-breed approach. This gain was up to 0.193 and 0.209, respectively, with the large reference population. Improvement of EBV prediction due to the multi-breed evaluation was higher for animals not closely related to the reference population. In the case of a breed with a small reference population size, the increase in correlation due to multi-breed GS was 0.141 for bulls without their sire in reference population compared with 0.016 for bulls with their sire in reference population. These results demonstrate that multi-breed GS can contribute to increase genomic evaluation accuracy in small breeds.
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Specific CT 3D rendering of the treatment zone after Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) in a pig liver model: the "Chebyshev Center Concept" to define the maximum treatable tumor size. BMC Med Imaging 2014; 14:2. [PMID: 24410997 PMCID: PMC3926307 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2342-14-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Size and shape of the treatment zone after Irreversible electroporation (IRE) can be difficult to depict due to the use of multiple applicators with complex spatial configuration. Exact geometrical definition of the treatment zone, however, is mandatory for acute treatment control since incomplete tumor coverage results in limited oncological outcome. In this study, the “Chebyshev Center Concept” was introduced for CT 3d rendering to assess size and position of the maximum treatable tumor at a specific safety margin. Methods In seven pig livers, three different IRE protocols were applied to create treatment zones of different size and shape: Protocol 1 (n = 5 IREs), Protocol 2 (n = 5 IREs), and Protocol 3 (n = 5 IREs). Contrast-enhanced CT was used to assess the treatment zones. Technique A consisted of a semi-automated software prototype for CT 3d rendering with the “Chebyshev Center Concept” implemented (the “Chebyshev Center” is the center of the largest inscribed sphere within the treatment zone) with automated definition of parameters for size, shape and position. Technique B consisted of standard CT 3d analysis with manual definition of the same parameters but position. Results For Protocol 1 and 2, short diameter of the treatment zone and diameter of the largest inscribed sphere within the treatment zone were not significantly different between Technique A and B. For Protocol 3, short diameter of the treatment zone and diameter of the largest inscribed sphere within the treatment zone were significantly smaller for Technique A compared with Technique B (41.1 ± 13.1 mm versus 53.8 ± 1.1 mm and 39.0 ± 8.4 mm versus 53.8 ± 1.1 mm; p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). For Protocol 1, 2 and 3, sphericity of the treatment zone was significantly larger for Technique A compared with B. Conclusions Regarding size and shape of the treatment zone after IRE, CT 3d rendering with the “Chebyshev Center Concept” implemented provides significantly different results compared with standard CT 3d analysis. Since the latter overestimates the size of the treatment zone, the “Chebyshev Center Concept” could be used for a more objective acute treatment control.
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