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Baldani JI, Dos Santos Ferreira N, Shwab S, Reis VM, de Barros Soares LH, Simões-Araujo JL, Dos Santos Dourado F, Bach E, Camacho NN, de Oliveira AM, Alves BJR, Silva AL, Rossi CN, de Oliveira Junior AF, Zilli JE. Nitrospirillum viridazoti sp. nov., an Efficient Nitrogen-Fixing Species Isolated from Grasses. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:144. [PMID: 38630311 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03665-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
A group of Gram-negative plant-associated diazotrophic bacteria belonging to the genus Nitrospirillum was investigated, including both previously characterized and newly isolated strains from diverse regions and biomes, predominantly in Brazil. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and recA genes revealed the formation of a distinct clade consisting of thirteen strains, separate from the formally recognized species N. amazonense (the closest species) and N. iridis. Comprehensive taxonomic analyses using the whole genomes of four strains (BR 11140T = AM 18T = Y-2T = DSM 2788T = ATCC 35120T, BR 11142T = AM 14T = Y-1T = DSM 2787T = ATCC 35119T, BR 11145 = CBAmC, and BR 12005) supported the division of these strains into two species: N. amazonense (BR 11142 T and BR 12005) and a newly proposed species (BR 11140 T and BR 11145), distinct from N. iridis. The phylogenomic analysis further confirmed the presence of the new Nitrospirillum species. Additionally, MALDI-TOF MS analysis of whole-cell mass spectra provided further evidence for the differentiation of the proposed Nitrospirillum species, separate from N. amazonense. Analysis of chemotaxonomy markers (i.e., genes involved in fatty acid synthesis, metabolism and elongation, phospholipid synthesis, and quinone synthesis) revealed that the new species highlights high similarity and evolutionary convergence with other Nitrospirillum species. This new species exhibited nitrogen fixation ability in vitro, it has similar NifHDK protein phylogeny position with the closest species, lacked denitrification capability, but possessed the nosZ gene, enabling N2O reduction, distinguishing it from the closest species. Despite being isolated from diverse geographic regions, soil types, and ecological niches, no significant phenotypic or physiological differences were observed between the proposed new species and N. amazonense. Based on these findings, a new species, Nitrospirillum viridazoti sp. nov., was classified, with the strain BR 11140T (DSM 2788T, ATCC 35120T) designated as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ivo Baldani
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, BR 465 km 07, Bairro Ecologia, Seropedica, RJ, 23891-000, Brazil
| | | | - Stefan Shwab
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, BR 465 km 07, Bairro Ecologia, Seropedica, RJ, 23891-000, Brazil
| | - Veronica Massena Reis
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, BR 465 km 07, Bairro Ecologia, Seropedica, RJ, 23891-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Evelise Bach
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), IB-UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Maura de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465 km 07, Seropedica, RJ, 23,890-970, Brazil
| | | | - Andréia Loviane Silva
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, BR 465 km 07, Bairro Ecologia, Seropedica, RJ, 23891-000, Brazil
| | - Carolina Nachi Rossi
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, BR 465 km 07, Bairro Ecologia, Seropedica, RJ, 23891-000, Brazil
| | | | - Jerri Edson Zilli
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, BR 465 km 07, Bairro Ecologia, Seropedica, RJ, 23891-000, Brazil.
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