OPTImized coronary interventions eXplaIn the bEst cliNical outcomEs (OPTI-XIENCE) study. Rationale and study design

INTRODUCTION

Clinical events may occur after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), particularly in complex lesions and complex patients. The optimization of PCI result, using pressure guidewire and intracoronary imaging techniques, may reduce the risk of these events. The hypothesis of the present study is that the clinical outcome of patients with indication of PCI and coronary stent implantation that are at high risk of events can be improved with an unrestricted use of intracoronary tools that allow PCI optimization.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS

Observational prospective multicenter international study, with a follow-up of 12 months, including 1064 patients treated with a cobalt‑chromium everolimus-eluting stent. Inclusion criteria include any of the following: Lesion length > 28 mm; Reference vessel diameter < 2.5 mm or > 4.25 mm; Chronic total occlusion; Bifurcation with side branch ≥2.0 mm;Ostial lesion; Left main lesion; In-stent restenosis; >2 lesions stented in the same vessel; Treatment of >2 vessels; Acute myocardial infarction; Renal insufficiency; Left ventricular ejection fraction <30 %; Staged procedure. The control group will be comprised by a similar number of matched patients included in the "extended risk" cohort of the XIENCE V USA study. The primary endpoint will be the 1-year rate of target lesion failure (TLF) (composite of ischemia-driven TLR, myocardial infarction (MI) related to the target vessel, or cardiac death related to the target vessel). Secondary endpoints will include overall mortality, cardiovascular mortality, acute myocardial infarction, TVR, TLR, target vessel failure, and definitive or probable stent thrombosis at 1 year.

IMPLICATIONS

The ongoing OPTI-XIENCE study will contribute to the growing evidence supporting the use of intra-coronary imaging techniques for stent optimization in patients with complex coronary lesions.

Characteristics of young women presenting with acute myocardial infarction: the prospective, multicentre, observational WAMIF study

Background

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in women, killing sevenfold more women than breast cancer. Rates of hospital death for myocardial infarction in women, although decreasing, remains significantly higher than in men (more than double), especially among women under the age of 50. The occurrence of myocardial infarction in non-menopausal women is not unusual, and the incidence continues to rise. While women under the age of 60 accounted for less than 12% of patients with myocardial infarction admitted in 1995, they accounted for more than 25% in 2015. In addition to the traditional cardiovascular risk factors, women present specific ones linked to hormonal modifications, inflammatory high-risk profiles, and thrombophilia.

Purpose

We comprehensively and systematically collected all clinical and biological data and the results of morphological explorations in all women admitted for myocardial infarction under the age of 50 in high-volume French centres. To date, no systematic descriptive analysis has been carried out incorporating not only clinical, morphological, and extraordinary characteristics, but biological characteristics, in particular hormonal and immunological parameters.

Methods

This prospective, observational study included all women admitted for myocardial infarction under the age of 50 years at 30 centres in France from May 2017 to June 2019.

Results

The population comprised 314 women (mean age 44.9 years): 192 presented with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and 122 with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, 75% were current smokers, 35 had a family history of cardiovascular disease, 33% had a complication of pregnancy, and 55% reported recent emotional stress. Ten had a normal coronary angiogram. Independent predictors of premature MI, &lt;35 yo, were cannabis use and oral contraceptive therapy. No deaths, but 3 strokes, 3 recurrent myocardial infarctions, and 1 serious bleed occurred during hospitalization. At 12 months, 2 deaths occurred but linked to progressive cancer, 25 patients had recurrent PCI, 4 symptoms driven. Otherwise, 90.4% were event free and 72% completely symptoms free.

Conclusion

The WAMIF study showed that most young women with acute myocardial infarction reported typical symptoms of chest pain, and modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, most commonly tobacco use. Gynaecological status, history of pregnancy complications, and non-compliance with non-indication of combined contraception were overrepresented, emphasizing the urge for a better cardiological and gynaecological network. The overall prognosis for these women was better than previously reported despite the high rate of emergency consultations in the year following the index myocardial infarction, highlighting the need for more comprehensive follow-up following the myocardial infarction.

Funding Acknowledgement

Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): French Society of CardiologyGrants from Indusctries Biosensors Europe SA, AstraZeneca, Boston Scientific Corporation, Abbott Medical Devices, Terumo Corporation, Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Hexacath, France, Biotronik SE & Co. KG.

Safety of conservative management for non-stenotic culprit lesions in STEMI patients treated with a two-step reperfusion strategy: a SUPER-MIMI sub-study

BACKGROUND

In the observational SUPER-MIMI study, a minimalist immediate mechanical intervention (MIMI) technique-which involves restoring blood flow in the acute phase and postponing stenting-was shown to be safe and effective among patients with a high thrombotic burden after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We aim to assess whether a non-stenting strategy after a SUPER-MIMI strategy was safe at 4-year follow-up in patients enrolled in the SUPER-MIMI study who were not stented.

METHODS

This prospective cohort study assessed the long-term outcomes of a subgroup of patients included in the SUPER-MIMI study.

RESULTS

Among the 155 patients enrolled in the SUPER-MIMI study, 57 patients (36.8%) benefited from a conservative management (without stenting or balloon angioplasty) and were included in the current substudy. The mean duration of follow-up was 4.1±1.0 years. Four patients (7.0%) presented definite culprit lesion re-thrombosis, all of which occurred in the right coronary artery. The re-thrombosis rate appeared to be higher among patients with larger vessels: 2.9%, 8.3%, and 28.6% in arteries with diameters of 3-<4, 4-<5, and ≥5 mm, respectively. The overall rate of target lesion revascularization was 10.5%. There was one cardiac death and three rehospitalizations for heart failure. Overall, 82.5% of patients remained event free at a mean of 4.1±1.0 years.

CONCLUSIONS

Conservative management of non-stenotic culprit lesions after a SUPER-MIMI strategy was associated with a high rate of re-thrombosis, particularly in patients with large coronary arteries.

Impact of a micro-net mesh technology covering stent on coronary microvascular dysfunction in patients with high thrombus burden

BACKGROUND

Highly thrombotic coronary lesions continue to be a serious and clinically significant problem that is not effectively and completely addressed by current technology.

OBJECTIVES

We aimed to investigate whether a micro-net mesh (MNM) technology covering stent could preserve the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with high thrombus burden.

METHODS AND RESULTS

Fifty-two patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction or ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction and high thrombus burden (TIMI thrombus grade ≥ 3) were randomized into two groups, PCI with a MNM covering stent (MNM group, n = 25) and PCI with any commercially available stent (DES group, n = 27). As the primary endpoint, IMR was measured immediately after PCI using a pressure-temperature sensor-tipped coronary wire. The secondary endpoint was left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at 6 months of follow-up. The IMR in the MNM group was significantly lower in comparison to the DES group (33.2 [21.3, 48.9] vs. 57.2 [39.9, 98.0], p = 0.005). No significant differences were observed in baseline LVEF (54.5 ± 10.2% vs. 53.1 ± 6.87%, p = .57), while LVEF was significantly improved at follow-up in the MNM group (61.1 ± 7.1% vs. 53.9 ± 6.35%, p = .0001).

CONCLUSION

MNM technology significantly improved coronary microvascular dysfunction after PCI in patient with acute coronary syndrome and appears as a useful technological option for thrombus management.

Risk Factors for Stent Thrombosis After Implantation of Sirolimus-Eluting Stents in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients

OBJECTIVES

We sought to assess the frequency and causes of stent thrombosis in diabetic and nondiabetic patients after implantation of sirolimus-eluting stents.

BACKGROUND

Safety concerns about late stent thrombosis have been raised, particularly when drug-eluting stents are used in less highly selected patients than in randomized trials.

METHODS

The EVASTENT study is a matched multicenter cohort registry of 1,731 patients undergoing revascularization exclusively with sirolimus stents; for each diabetic patient included (stratified as single- or multiple-vessel disease), a nondiabetic patient was subsequently included. Patients were treated with aspirin + clopidogrel for at least 3 months and were followed for 465 (range 0 to 1,062) days (1-year follow-up in 98.5%). The primary end point was a composite of stent thrombosis (according to Academic Research Consortium definitions), cardiovascular death, and nonfatal myocardial infarction (major adverse cardiac events [MACE]).

RESULTS

During follow-up, MACE occurred in 78 patients (4.5%), cardiac death in 35 (2.1%), and stent thrombosis in 45 (2.6%): 30 definite, 23 subacute, and 22 late, including 9 at >6 months. In univariate analysis, the 1-year stent thrombosis rate was 1.8 times higher in diabetic than in nondiabetic patients (3.2% vs. 1.7%; log rank p = 0.03), with diabetic patients with multiple-vessel disease experiencing the highest rate and nondiabetic single-vessel disease patients the lowest (4.3% vs. 0.8%; p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, in addition to the interruption of antithrombotic treatment, independent stent thrombosis predictors were previous stroke, renal failure, lower ejection fraction, calcified lesion, length stented, and insulin-requiring diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS

The risk of sirolimus stent thrombosis is higher for multiple-vessel disease diabetic patients.