Abstract PS9-49: Comparison of the quality of life (QOL) of patients with an arm vein port (TIVAD) versus a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)

Introduction: Venous access is a crucial element in systemic therapy delivery. PICCs are usually more easily and quickly inserted. It remains unclear whether cancer patients prefer a port to a PICC. Our study aimed to assess cancer patients’ satisfaction with their venous access device and to compare the QOL of subjects with a PICC to those with a port. Methods: In this prospective cohort study, EORTC QLQ-C30 and a locally developed QOL survey, designed to assess satisfaction with venous access devices, were administered to breast cancer (BC) or colorectal cancer patients up to four times over a 1-year period. Mixed effects models were used controlling for other covariates to assess changes on mean scores at different time points. Results: A total of 101 patients were recruited, 50 (BC, 29) in PICC and 51 (BC, 35) in port group. Survey response rates for months 1 and 3 were, 72% and 48%, respectively. Overall, no significant differences were noted between the two groups in relation to EORTC QOL constructs. Mixed effect model showed that patients with a PICC had significantly lower pain score estimate compared to patients with a port (β= -1.98, 95% CI: -0.92 - -3.05, p<0.001). Conversely, patients with a port had a psychosocial score estimate significantly higher than patients with a PICC (β= 2.18, 95% CI: 0.83 - 3.53, p=0.002). As survey time variable was not significant, there was no change in the mean pain or psychological scores for both devices at 3 months. Results for the QLC-30 survey did not reveal any statistically significant changes in mean scores for the different constructs between the surveys conducted at baseline and 3 months for the devices investigated. At 3 months 66.7% patients with a PICC vs. 33.3% with a port felt they had changed the way they dressed due to their device (OR=4.0, 95% CI:1.2-13.3, p=0.02). 88.2% patients with PICC vs.18.3% with port reported difficulties with showering, bathing or performing personal hygiene activities due to their device (OR=18.3, 95% CI: 3.5-97.1, p<0.0001). 41.7% patients with a PICC vs. 12.5% with a port experienced comments from people about their device (OR=5.0, 95% CI: 1.2-21.5, p=0.02). 45.8% patients with a PICC worried that their device may become infected vs. 8.3% with a port (OR= 9.3, 95% CI: 1.8-48.7, p=0.003). No significant differences were noted between the two group regarding sports, exercise, social activities, or the degree of discomfort in between treatments. The 3-month mean satisfaction score between two groups showed no difference (25.0 ±6.6 vs 25.2 ±5.9, p=0.87). Complications rates were 38% in PICC vs. 41% with a port (p>0.24). Overall, 8% patients with a PICC vs. 12% with a port developed DVT (p=NS). Conclusions: Although patients with a port experience more pain, it had a smaller negative impact on psychosocial scores than the PICC. No significant difference in device satisfaction or complications rates was observed between the two devices.

Citation Format: Shahid Ahmed, Brent Burbridge, Lynn Dwernychuk, Ha Le, Tehmina Asif, Hyun Lim. Comparison of the quality of life (QOL) of patients with an arm vein port (TIVAD) versus a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS9-49.

Mixed epithelial endocrine neoplasms of the colon and rectum – An evolution over time: A systematic review

BACKGROUND

Mixed tumors of the colon and rectum, composed of a combination of epithelial and endocrine elements of benign and malignant potential are rare neoplasms. These can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract and are often diagnosed incidentally. Though they have been a well-documented entity in the pancreas, where the exocrine-endocrine mixed tumors have been known for a while, recognition and accurate diagnosis of these tumors in the colon and rectum, to date, remains a challenge. This is further compounded by the different terminologies that have been attributed to these lesions over the years adding to increased confusion and misclassification. Therefore, dedicated literature reviews of these lesions in the colon and rectum are inconsistent and are predominantly limited to case reports and case series of limited case numbers. Though, most of these tumors are high grade and of advanced stage, intermediate and low grade lesions of these mixed tumors are also increasingly been reported. There are no established independent consensus based guidelines for the therapeutic patient management of these unique lesions.

AIM

To provide a comprehensive targeted literature review of these complex mixed tumors in the colon and rectum that chronicles the evolution over time with summarization of historical perspectives of terminology and to further our understanding regarding their pathogenesis including genomic landscape, clinicoradiological features, pathology, treatment, prognosis, the current status of the management of the primary lesions, their recurrences and metastases.

METHODS

A comprehensive review of the published English literature was conducted using the search engines PubMed, MEDLINE and GOOGLE scholar. The following search terms [“mixed tumors colon” OR mixed endocrine/neuroendocrine tumor/neoplasm/lesion colon OR adenocarcinoma and endocrine/neuroendocrine tumor colon OR mixed adenocarcinoma and endocrine/neuroendocrine carcinoma colon OR Amphicrine tumors OR Collision tumors] were used. Eligibility criteria were defined and all potential relevant items, including full articles and/or abstracts were independently reviewed, assessed and agreed upon items were selected for in-depth analysis.

RESULTS

In total 237 full articles/abstracts documents were considered for eligibility of which 45 articles were illegible resulting in a total of 192 articles that were assessed for eligibility of which 139 have been selected for reference in this current review. This seminal manuscript is a one stop article that provides a detailed outlook on the evolution over time with summarization of historical perspectives, nomenclature, clinicoradiological features, pathology, treatment, prognosis and the current status of the management of both the primary lesions, their recurrences and metastases. Gaps in knowledge have also been identified and discussed. An important outcome of this manuscript is the justified proposal for a new, simple, clinically relevant, non-ambiguous terminology for these lesions to be referred to as mixed epithelial endocrine neoplasms (MEENs).

CONCLUSION

MEEN of the colon and rectum are poorly understood rare entities that encompass an extensive range of heterogeneous tumors with a wide variety of combinations leading to tumors of high, intermediate or low grade malignant potential. This proposed new revised terminology of MEEN will solve the biggest hurdle of confusion and misclassification that plagues these rare unique colorectal neoplasms thus facilitating the future design of multi institutional prospective randomized controlled clinical trials to develop and evaluate newer therapeutic strategies that are recommended for continued improved understanding and personal optimization of clinical management of these unique colorectal neoplasms.

Rate of conversion from unresectable to resectable metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in real-world patients (RWP) treated with FOLFIXIRI ± bevacizumab: A population-based retrospective cohort study

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Background: Recent evidence from randomized trials suggests that FOLFOXIRI (5FU, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan) ± bevacizumab is associated with higher response rates with a potential for conversion of unresectable to resectable disease in mCRC. Yet limited evidence is available about efficacy and safety of this regimen in RWP with mCRC. The current study aims to evaluate conversion rate and safety of FOLFOXIRI ± bevacizumab in RWP with unresectable mCRC. Methods: Each year about 175 patients are diagnosed with mCRC in Saskatchewan. Patients who were diagnosed with unresectable mCRC between Jan 2015 to Dec 2018 and received FOLFOXIRI ±bevacizumab were assessed. Kaplan Meier survival methods and log rank test were performed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess factors correlate with conversion. Results: 28 eligible patients with median age of 51 yrs (IQR:39-60) and M:F of 11:16 were identified. 42% patients had a comorbid illness, and 43% had WHO performance status of 0. 39% had rectal cancer, 46% had extrahepatic disease and 46% had bilobar liver metastases. 58% patients had a positive response to therapy, 60% had grade 3/4 toxicity & 32% required hospital admission. No treatment-related mortality was noted. 54% patients underwent metastasectomy (liver 73%, peritoneum and or ovaries 20%, lung 6%). 68% had primary tumor resection, 29% received rectal radiation, 21% had ablation and 18% had second surgery for recurrence. At 4 years 50% patients are alive. Median progression free survival of patients who underwent surgery is 18 (95%CI:11.3-24.7) vs. 11 months (4-18.1) without surgery (P = 0.28). Median overall survival of patients with surgery is 33 (17.5-48.5) vs. 16 months (8.3-23.7) without surgery (P = 0.03). Positive response to treatment is correlated with conversion (odd ratio 21.7, p = 0.002). Conclusions: In the real world setting younger patients with good performance status received FOLFIRINOX ± bevacizumab. Despite high rates of toxicity, more than half of patients were able to undergo surgery. A positive response to treatment significantly correlates with metastasectomy.

Report from the 20th annual Western Canadian Gastrointestinal Cancer Consensus Conference; Saskatoon, Saskatchewan; 28-29 September 2018

The 20th annual Western Canadian Gastrointestinal Cancer Consensus Conference was held in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, 28-29 September 2018. This interactive multidisciplinary conference is attended by health care professionals from across Western Canada (British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba) who are involved in the care of patients with gastrointestinal cancers. In addition, invited speakers from other provinces participate. Surgical, medical, and radiation oncologists, and allied health care professionals participated in presentations and discussion sessions for the purpose of developing the recommendations presented here. This consensus statement addresses current issues in the management of colorectal cancers.

Consensus-Derived Quality Performance Indicators for Neuroendocrine Tumour Care

Quality performance indicators (QPIs) are used to monitor the delivery of cancer care. Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are a family of individually uncommon cancers that derive from neuroendocrine cells or their precursors, and can occur in most organs. There are currently no QPIs available for NETs and their heterogeneity makes QPI development difficult. CommNETs is a collaboration between NET clinicians, researchers and advocates in Canada, Australia and New Zealand. We created QPIs for NETs using a three-step consensus process. First, a multidisciplinary team used the nominal group technique to create candidates (n = 133) which were then curated into appropriateness statements (62 statements, 44 sub-statements). A two-stage modified RAND/UCLA Delphi consensus process was conducted: an online survey rated the statement appropriateness then the top-ranked statements (n = 20) were assessed in a face-to-face meeting. Finally, 10 QPIs met consensus criteria; documentation of primary site, proliferative index, differentiation, tumour board review, use of a structured pathology report, presence of distant metastasis, 5- and 10-year disease-free and overall survival. These NET QPIs will be trialed as a method to monitor and improve care for people with NETs and to facilitate international comparison.

Primary tumor location and survival in general population with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC)

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Background: Recent evidence from clinical trials suggests that location of the primary tumor in patients with mCRC correlates with differential outcomes and patients with tumors originating in the right side of colon have inferior survival. This large population-based cohort study using individual patient data was performed to confirm this findings in general population with mCRC. Methods: A cohort of 1947 patients who were diagnosed with synchronous mCRC from 1992-2010 was studied. Ascending and transverse colon cancers were defined as right-sided tumors (RT) and remainder tumors were define as left-sided tumors (LT). Cox proportional multivariate analyses were done to determine prognostic significance of primary tumor location and to adjust other prognostic variables including age, Charlson comorbid index (CCI) and WHO performance status (PS) in patients treated with chemotherapy. Results: Median age was 70 years (IQR: 60-78) and M:F was 1.3:1. Mean CCI was 9.7±1.4 and 29% had WHO PS of > 1. 770 (39%) patients had RT and 37% had stage IVb disease. 908 (47%) received chemotherapy and of those 44% received modern chemotherapy. Significant differences were noted between the groups with RT and LT with respect to age, WHO PS, CCI, liver metastases, mucinous tumor, grade, smoking history, and primary tumor resection. Median overall survival of patients with RT was 14 (95%CI: 12.7-15.3) months compared with 20.5 (95%CI: 18.5-22.5) of patients with LT (p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis following variables were correlated with inferior survival: Right-sided tumors, hazard ratio (HR) 1.40 (95%CI: 1.20-1.60); no primary tumor resection, HR 1.60 (95%CI: 1.32-1.90); no metastasectomy, HR 2.40 (95%CI: 1.90-2.90); not using modern chemotherapy, HR 1.52 (95%CI: 1.31-1.80); leukocytosis, HR 1.44 (95%CI: 1.28-1.73); elevated CEA, HR 1.54 (95%CI: 1.30-1.90); WHO PS > 1, HR 1.30 (95%CI: 1.10-1.55); and stage IVb disease, HR 1.50 (95%CI: 1.17-1.86). Tests for interaction were negative. Conclusions: Our results confirm that patients with RT who received chemotherapy have inferior survival independent of other known prognostic variables. Future studies are required to understand underlying pathophysiology.

Disease characteristics and survival outcomes of extragonadal primary germ cell tumour in two Canadian tertiary cancer centres

INTRODUCTION

Extragonadal germ cell tumours (EGCTs) are a heterogeneous group with distinct natural history and responses to treatment modalities. We sought to evaluate characteristics and survival outcomes in men with EGCTs.

METHODS

We performed a retrospective analysis on a consecutive list of men diagnosed with EGCT in two Albertan cancer centres between 1990 and 2013. Demographic characteristics and outcomes, stratified by primary site, were evaluated.

RESULTS

Sixty-nine cases were identified. The median age was 29 (range 15-76) and 48 cases (70%) were non-seminomatous. Twenty-four (35%) belonged to International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) favourable risk group, 14 (20%) to intermediate, and 31 (45%) to poor. Thirty (43%) had mediastinal primary (MPs); 29 were treated with first-line bleomycin, etopo-side, and cisplatin (BEP). Seventeen (57%) relapses occurred, of which three patients achieved long-term survival. Seventeen (25%) had a central nervous system (CNS) primary, with eight (47%) classic germinoma. Seven (41%) received primary chemotherapy alone; 5 (29%) received primary radiotherapy alone, and 5 (29%) received both. Nineteen (28%) had a retroperitoneal primary (RPs) and received first-line chemotherapy; all but two received BEP and eight (42%) had surgical resection. Three (5%) had other or unknown primary. Five-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival for all patients were 56% and 44%, respectively; for MPs, 44% and 34%; for CNS primary, 76% and 53%; for RPs, 58% and 53%. Factors that correlated with decreased OS were elevated alpha fetoprotein (AFP) (p<0.001) or human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) (p=0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (p=0.028), bone metastasis (p<0.001), lung metastasis (p<0.001), and IGCCCG poor risk (p=0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

EGCT is a rare, but important subset of GCT. Patients with EGCTs, despite aggressive treatments, still have poorer outcomes than gonadal primary.

Conditional Survival of Patients With Metastatic Testicular Germ Cell Tumors Treated With First-Line Curative Therapy

Purpose

The International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) criteria prognosticate survival outcomes in metastatic testicular germ cell tumor (MT-GCT), but how the initial risk changes over time for those who survived since curative treatment is unknown.

Patients and Methods

We assessed patients eligible for first-line therapy for MT-GCT at five tertiary cancer centers from 1990 to 2012 for 2-year conditional overall survival (COS) and conditional disease-free survival (CDFS), defined as the probability of surviving, or surviving and being disease free, respectively, for an additional 2 years at a given time point since the initial diagnosis.

Results

For all patients (N = 942), 2-year COS increased from 92% (95% CI, 91% to 94%) at 0 months to 98% (95% CI, 97% to 99%), and 2-year CDFS increased from 83% (95% CI, 81% to 86%) at baseline to 98% (95% CI, 97% to 99%) at 24 months after diagnosis. Two-year COS improved by 2% (97% at 0 months, 99% at 24 months) in the IGCCCG favorable-risk group, by 5% (94% at 0 months, 99% at 24 months) in the intermediate-risk group, and by 22% (71% at 0 months to 93% at 24 months) in the poor-risk group. Two-year CDFS improved significantly at 12 months for each risk group (favorable, 91% baseline v 95% at 12 months; intermediate, 84% v 95%; poor, 55% v 85%). Baseline IGCCCG risk stratification was not associated with long-term COS or CDFS for patients who survived to greater than 2 years post therapy. No significant differences in COS and CDFS were noted between seminoma and nonseminoma; patients ≥ 40 years old had inferior 2-year COS from 0 to 12 months, but no differences were noted at 18 months.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that the concept of conditional survival applies to patients with MT-GCT treated with curative therapy. Patients with MT-GCT who survived and remained disease free more than 2 years after the diagnosis had an excellent chance of staying alive and disease free in additional subsequent years, regardless of the initial IGCCCG risk stratification.

Conditional survival of patients with metastatic testicular germ-cell tumors (MT-GCT) treated with first-line curative therapy

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Background: The IGCCCG risk stratification prognosticates survival outcomes in metastatic testicular germ cell tumour (MT-GCT), but how the initial risk changes over time for those who survived since curative treatment (conditional survival) is unknown. We evaluated conditional survival in patients with MT-GCT who were eligible for first-line therapy. Methods: We included patients who were eligible for first-line therapy for MT- GCT at 5 tertiary cancer centres from 1990 to 2012. We assessed 2-year (Y) conditional overall (COS) and disease-free survival (CDFS) at a given timepoint, defined as the probability of surviving, or surviving and disease-free, respectively, for an additional 2Y at a given timepoint since the start of first-line treatment. Outcomes were stratified by IGCCCG risk criteria, pathology and age. Results: For all patients (n = 942, favourable 63%/intermediate 19%/poor 16%), median follow-up was 99 months (m) (IQR 56-141); 2YCOS increased from 92% (95% CI 91%–94%) at baseline to 98% (95% CI 97%–99%) at 24m, and 2Y CDFS increased from 83% (95% CI: 81%-86%) at baseline to 98% (95% CI 97%-99%) at 24m after diagnosis. 2YCOS changed little in the IGCCCG favourable and intermediate groups, but in the poor-risk group, improved from 71% (95% CI 64%–78%) at 0m to 93% (95% CI 89%-98%) at 24m. 2Y CDFS for favourable risk group improved significantly at 12m (91% baseline vs. 95% at 18m); intermediate, at 12m (84% baseline vs. 95% at 12m); poor, at 12 m (55% baseline vs. 85% at 12m). Baseline IGCCCG risk stratification was not associated with long-term COS or CDFS for patients who survived to > 2Y post therapy. No significant differences in COS and CDFS were noted between seminoma and non-seminoma, while older patients ( > = 40) had inferior 2Y COS from 0-18m but no differences were noted after 18m. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the concept of conditional survival applies to patients with MT-GCT treated with curative therapy. A poor-risk patient, after 2Y of survival, had the same probability of relapse and survival as a favourable/intermediate risk patient.