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Glutamine prevents acute kidney injury by modulating oxidative stress and apoptosis in tubular epithelial cells. JCI Insight 2022; 7:163161. [PMID: 36107633 PMCID: PMC9675453 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.163161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a common complication in critically ill patients that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In a murine AKI model induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), we show that glutamine significantly decreases kidney damage and improves kidney function. We demonstrate that glutamine causes transcriptomic and proteomic reprogramming in murine renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs), resulting in decreased epithelial apoptosis, decreased neutrophil recruitment, and improved mitochondrial functionality and respiration provoked by an ameliorated oxidative phosphorylation. We identify the proteins glutamine gamma glutamyltransferase 2 (Tgm2) and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase (Ask1) as the major targets of glutamine in apoptotic signaling. Furthermore, the direct modulation of the Tgm2-HSP70 signalosome and reduced Ask1 activation resulted in decreased JNK activation, leading to diminished mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis in TECs. Glutamine administration attenuated kidney damage in vivo during AKI and TEC viability in vitro under inflammatory or hypoxic conditions.
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Multiple suspicious PI-RADS lesions prior to mpMRI ultrasound fusion biopsy: Is it sufficient to target exclusively the index lesion? Eur Urol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(22)00813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Histone deacetylase inhibition by Entinostat for the prevention of electrical and structural remodeling in heart failure. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 20:16. [PMID: 30841920 PMCID: PMC6404297 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-019-0294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of heart failure is accompanied by complex changes in cardiac electrophysiology and functional properties of cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors hold great promise for the pharmaceutical therapy of several malignant diseases. Here, we describe novel effects of the class I HDAC inhibitor Entinostat on electrical and structural remodeling in an in vivo model of pacing induced heart failure. Methods Rabbits were implanted a pacemaker system, subjected to rapid ventricular pacing and treated with Entinostat or placebo, respectively. Following stimulation, rabbit hearts were explanted and subsequently subjected to electrophysiological studies and further immunohistological analyses of left ventricles. Results In vivo, rapid ventricular stimulation caused a significant prolongation of monophasic action potential duration compared to sham hearts (from 173 ± 26 ms to 250 ± 41 ms; cycle length 900 ms; p < 0.05) and an increased incidence of Early afterdepolarisations (+ 150%), while treatment with Entinostat in failing hearts could partially prevent this effect (from 250 ± 41 ms to 170 ± 53 ms, p < 0.05; reduction in EAD by 50%). Entinostat treatment partially restored KCNH2 and Cav1.3 gene expressions in failing hearts, and inhibited the development of cardiac fibrosis in vivo. Conclusion In a rabbit model of heart failure, Entinostat diminishes heart failure related prolongation of repolarization and partially restores KCNH2 and Cav1.3 expression. In addition, Entinostat exerts antifibrotic properties both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, Entinostat might be an interesting candidate for the pharmaceutical therapy of heart failure directed against structural and electrical remodeling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40360-019-0294-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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IL-17C mediates the recruitment of tumor-associated neutrophils and lung tumor growth. Oncogene 2017; 36:4182-4190. [PMID: 28346430 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with an increased risk for lung cancer and an aberrant microbiota of the lung. Microbial colonization contributes to chronic neutrophilic inflammation in COPD. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is frequently found in lungs of stable COPD patients and is the major pathogen triggering exacerbations. The epithelial cytokine interleukin-17C (IL-17C) promotes the recruitment of neutrophils into inflamed tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the function of IL-17C in the pulmonary tumor microenvironment. We subjected mice deficient for IL-17C (IL-17C-/-) and mice double deficient for Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 (TLR-2/4-/-) to a metastatic lung cancer model. Tumor proliferation and growth as well as the number of tumor-associated neutrophils was significantly decreased in IL-17C-/- and TLR-2/4-/- mice exposed to NTHi. The NTHi-induced pulmonary expression of IL-17C was dependent on TLR-2/4. In vitro, IL-17C increased the NTHi- and tumor necrosis factor-α-induced expression of the neutrophil chemokines keratinocyte-derived chemokine and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 in lung cancer cells but did not affect proliferation. Human lung cancer samples stained positive for IL-17C, and in non-small cell lung cancer patients with lymph node metastasis, IL-17C was identified as a negative prognostic factor. Our data indicate that epithelial IL-17C promotes neutrophilic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment and suggest that IL-17C links a pathologic microbiota, as present in COPD patients, with enhanced tumor growth.
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NG2 proteoglycan as a pericyte target for anticancer therapy by tumor vessel infarction with retargeted tissue factor. Oncotarget 2017; 7:6774-89. [PMID: 26735180 PMCID: PMC4872748 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
tTF-TAA and tTF-LTL are fusion proteins consisting of the extracellular domain of tissue factor (TF) and the peptides TAASGVRSMH and LTLRWVGLMS, respectively. These peptides represent ligands of NG2, a surface proteoglycan expressed on angiogenic pericytes and some tumor cells. Here we have expressed the model compound tTF-NGR, tTF-TAA, and tTF-LTL with different lengths in the TF domain in E. coli and used these fusion proteins for functional studies in anticancer therapy. We aimed to retarget TF to tumor vessels leading to tumor vessel infarction with two barriers of selectivity, a) the leaky endothelial lining in tumor vessels with the target NG2 being expressed on pericytes on the abluminal side of the endothelial cell barrier and b) the preferential expression of NG2 on angiogenic vessels such as in tumors. Chromatography-purified tTF-TAA showed identical Factor X (FX)-activating procoagulatory activity as the model compound tTF-NGR with Km values of approx. 0.15 nM in Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The procoagulatory activity of tTF-LTL varied with the chosen length of the TF part of the fusion protein. Flow cytometry revealed specific binding of tTF-TAA to NG2-expressing pericytes and tumor cells with low affinity and dissociation KD in the high nM range. In vivo and ex vivo fluorescence imaging of tumor xenograft-carrying animals and of the explanted tumors showed reduction of tumor blood flow upon tTF-TAA application. Therapeutic experiments showed a reproducible antitumor activity of tTF-TAA against NG2-expressing A549-tumor xenografts, however, with a rather small therapeutic window (active/toxic dose in mg/kg body weight).
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Die prognostische Wertigkeit der Expression von PD1 und PDL1 im nicht kleinzelligen Lugenkarzinom. Pneumologie 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1571966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy can become a crucial therapeutic option to improve prognosis for lung cancer patients. First clinical trials with therapies targeting the programmed cell death receptor PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 have shown promising results in several solid tumors. However, in lung cancer the diagnostic, prognostic and predictive value of these immunologic factors remains unclear. METHOD The impact of both factors was evaluated in a study collective of 321 clinically well-annotated patients with non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS PD-1 expression by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was found in 22%, whereas tumor cell associated PD-L1 expression was observed in 24% of the NSCLC tumors. In Fisher's exact test a positive correlation was found for PD-L1 and Bcl-xl protein expression (p = 0.013). Interestingly, PD-L1 expression on tumor cells was associated with improved overall survival in pulmonary squamous cell carcinomas (SCC, p = 0.042, log rank test), with adjuvant therapy (p = 0.017), with increased tumor size (pT2-4, p = 0.039) and with positive lymph node status (pN1-3, p = 0.010). These observations were confirmed by multivariate cox regression models. CONCLUSION One major finding of our study is the identification of a prognostic implication of PD-L1 in subsets of NSCLC patients with pulmonary SCC, with increased tumor size, with a positive lymph node status and NSCLC patients who received adjuvant therapies. This study provides first data for immune-context related risk stratification of NSCLC patients. Further studies are necessary both to confirm this observation and to evaluate the predictive value of PD-1 and PD-L1 in NSCLC in the context of PD-1 inhibition.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/mortality
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma/therapy
- Aged
- B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/mortality
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Male
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Rate
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Die prognostische Bedeutung des blutgruppenassoziierten Antigens A type 3 für NSCLC-Patienten höherer Tumorstadien. Pneumologie 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1544731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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A recurrent activating PLCG1 mutation in cardiac angiosarcomas increases apoptosis resistance and invasiveness of endothelial cells. Cancer Res 2014; 74:6173-83. [PMID: 25252913 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Primary cardiac angiosarcomas are rare tumors with unfavorable prognosis. Pathogenic driver mutations are largely unknown. We therefore analyzed a collection of cases for genomic aberrations using SNP arrays and targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) of oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. Recurrent gains of chromosome 1q and a small region of chromosome 4 encompassing KDR and KIT were identified by SNP array analysis. Repeatedly mutated genes identified by tNGS were KDR with different nonsynonymous mutations, MLL2 with different nonsense mutations, and PLCG1 with a recurrent nonsynonymous mutation (R707Q) in the highly conserved autoinhibitory SH2 domain in three of 10 cases. PLCγ1 is usually activated by Y783 phosphorylation and activates protein kinase C and Ca(2+)-dependent second messengers, with effects on cellular proliferation, migration, and invasiveness. Ectopic expression of the PLCγ1-R707Q mutant in endothelial cells revealed reduced PLCγ1-Y783 phosphorylation with concomitant increased c-RAF/MEK/ERK1/2 phosphorylation, increased IP3 amounts, and increased Ca(2+)-dependent calcineurin activation compared with ectopic expressed PLCγ1-wild-type. Furthermore, cofilin, whose activation is associated with actin skeleton reorganization, showed decreased phosphorylation, and thus activation after expression of PLCγ1-R707Q compared with PLCγ1-wild-type. At the cellular level, expression of PLCγ1-R707Q in endothelial cells had no influence on proliferation rate, but increased apoptosis resistance and migration and invasiveness in in vitro assays. Together, these findings indicate that the PLCγ1-R707Q mutation causes constitutive activation of PLCγ1 and may represent an alternative way of activation of KDR/PLCγ1 signaling besides KDR activation in angiosarcomas, with implications for VEGF/KDR targeted therapies.
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Immune Suppression via Glucocorticoid-Stimulated Monocytes: A Novel Mechanism To Cope with Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:1090-9. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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AApoAIL75P amyloidosis causes cirrhosis-like appearance of the liver in the absence of laboratory or clinical signs of hepatic dysfunction. Amyloid 2014; 21:128-30. [PMID: 24669943 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2013.879642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Adhesion molecules involved in neutrophil recruitment during sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. J Innate Immun 2014; 6:597-606. [PMID: 24576991 DOI: 10.1159/000358238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in critically ill patients and is associated with high mortality. Recruitment of neutrophils is a hallmark in the pathogenesis of AKI. Although ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a frequently used research model of AKI, the clinical relevance of IRI-induced AKI is limited. Epidemiologically, sepsis is the prevailing cause of kidney injury. However, it is still unknown whether these distinct entities of AKI share the same pathophysiological mechanisms. This study was initiated to investigate the molecular mechanisms of neutrophil recruitment into the kidney in a murine model of sepsis-induced AKI. By using a flow cytometry-based method, we show that the two β2-integrins Mac-1 and LFA-1 as well as E-selectin and P-selectin are involved in neutrophil recruitment into the kidney after induction of sepsis. The molecular mechanisms of neutrophil recruitment were further investigated using intravital microscopy, demonstrating that blocking one of these four molecules reduces the number of adherent leukocytes. This was accompanied by a renal upregulation of E-selectin, P-selectin and ICAM-1 (the counter-receptor of β2-integrins on endothelial cells) after sepsis induction. We conclude that blocking P-selectin, E-selectin, Mac-1 or LFA-1 protects mice from sepsis-induced AKI.
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MALAT-1 ncRNA beeinfusst Genregulation und Wundheilung. Pneumologie 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1367986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis with carcinoma in situ in the ureter. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2014; 26:51-4. [PMID: 24565683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnci.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary epithelial tumor of the renal pelvis is rare and only 100 cases are reported in the literature [1]. Histological examination of the tumor showed glands, cysts, and papillae lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium with hyperchromatic nuclei. Scattered signet ring-type cells were also seen floating in large pools of extracellular mucin. Sections from the ureter showed a component of adenocarcinoma in situ. No invasive tumor was identified in ureteric tissue. One case was reported with carcinoma in situ of the ureter (2). Immunohistochemically: The tumor showed positivity for CK7, CK20, CK8/18, GATA-3, MSH-2, MSH-6, MLH-1, Ber-EP4, and S-100-P with focal positivity for CDX-2, weak positivity for PMS-2 and negativity in TTF-1 and Her-2. Molecular pathological analysis revealed microsatellite stability and without mutation in K-ras-gene. Thus, a diagnosis of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis with in situ adenocarcinoma of the ureter was made.
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Macula-less rat and macula-bearing monkey retinas exhibit common lifelong proteomic changes. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:2659-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Skin metastases in metastatic uveal melanoma:GNAQ/GNA11mutational analysis as a valuable tool. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169:160-3. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mutational Analysis of GNAQ and GNA11 to Aid Therapy Management of a Choroidal Melanoma Metastatic to the Contralateral Orbit. JAMA Ophthalmol 2013; 131:812-4. [DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2013.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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MALAT-1 beeinflusst Zellmigration, Wundheilung und Tumorwachstum über differenzielle Genregulation. Pneumologie 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1334575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress by sorafenib and activation of NF-κB by lestaurtinib as a novel resistance mechanism in Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 12:173-83. [PMID: 23243060 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hodgkin-Reed/Sternberg (HRS) cells of classical Hodgkin lymphoma show aberrant expression and activation of several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) in the majority of cases. Therefore, we tested whether tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) already in clinical use or late stages of clinical trials have antiproliferative effects on HRS cell lines and evaluated the targets, affected signaling pathways, and mechanisms of cell death and resistance. Sorafenib and lestaurtinib had antiproliferative effects on HRS cell lines at concentrations achievable in patients. Sorafenib inhibited platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) α, TRKA and RON, caused decreases in total and phosphorylated amounts of several signaling molecules, and provoked caspase-3-independent cell death, most likely due to endoplasmic reticulum stress as indicated by upregulation of GADD34 and GADD153 and phosphorylation of PERK. Lestaurtinib inhibited TRKA, PDGFRα, RON, and JAK2 and had only a cytostatic effect. Besides deactivation, lestaurtinib also caused activation of signaling pathways. It caused increases in CD30L and TRAIL expression, and CD30L/CD30 signaling likely led to the observed concomitant activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and the alternative NF-κB pathway. These data disclose the possible use of sorafenib for the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma and highlight NF-κB activation as a potential novel mechanism of resistance toward TKIs.
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Electrophysiological characteristics of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in cardiac sarcoidosis versus arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm 2012; 10:158-64. [PMID: 23070261 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) can manifest very similarly. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether there are significant demographic and electrophysiological differences between patients with CS and ARVC. METHODS We prospectively compared patients with proven CS or ARVC who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardias by using 3-dimensional electroanatomical mapping. Furthermore, we evaluated whether the diagnostic criteria for ARVC would have excluded ARVC in patients with CS. RESULTS Eighteen patients (13 men; mean age 44.9 years) were included. All 18 patients had mild to moderately reduced right ventricular ejection fraction. Patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (n = 8) had a significantly lower mean left ventricular ejection fraction (35.6±19.3 vs 60.6±9.4; P = .002). Patients with CS had a significantly wider QRS (0.146 vs 0.110s; P = .004). Five of 8 (63%) patients with CS fulfilled the diagnostic ARVC criteria. Ventricular tachycardias (VTs) with a left bundle branch block pattern were documented in all but one patient (with CS). Programmed ventricular stimulation induced an average of 3.7 different monomorphic VTs in patients with CS vs 1.8 in patients with ARVC (P = .01). VT significantly more often originated in the apical region of the right ventricle in CS vs ARVC (P = .001), with no other predilection sites. Ablation success and other electrophysiological parameters were not different. CONCLUSIONS The current diagnostic ARVC guidelines do not reliably exclude patients with CS. Clinical and electrophysiological parameters that were characteristic of CS in our patients include reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, a significantly wider QRS, right-sided apical VT, and more inducible forms of monomorphic VT.
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Two papillary renal cell carcinomas of different origin following renal transplantation (Case report). Oncol Lett 2012; 4:80-82. [PMID: 22807965 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2012.704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) is a rare malignant tumor entity compared to common clear cell renal carcinoma. In the present study, we report a patient who was diagnosed with PRCC twice and successfully treated each time following renal transplantation. The first PRCC was located in the left native kidney two years following transplantation, and the second PRCC was diagnosed in the allograft 13 years following transplantation. The two tumors were completely removed by surgery in stage I of the disease with sufficient conservation of the allograft function. Notably, the tumors had a different origin as indicated by the microsatellite analysis, which reflects the exceptional course of the case. Risk factors for PRCC were identified in our patient. We concluded that high-risk candidates for malignancies in renal transplant recipients should receive shorter ultrasonic screening intervals, which may facilitate early tumor detection and improve outcome rates.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED In the diagnostic algorithm of cardiac tumors, the noninvasive determination of malignancy and metastatic spread is of major interest to stratify patients and to select and monitor therapies. In the diagnostic work-up, morphologic imaging modalities such as echocardiography or magnetic resonance tomography offer information on, for example, size, invasiveness, and vascularization. However, preoperative assessment of malignancy may be unsatisfactory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of (18)F-FDG PET and the incremental diagnostic value of an optimized CT score in this clinical scenario. METHODS (18)F-FDG PET/CT scans (whole-body imaging with low-dose CT) of 24 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed cardiac tumors were analyzed (11 men, 13 women; mean age ± SD, 59 ± 13 y). The maximum standardized uptake values (SUV(max)) of the tumors were measured. Patients were divided into 2 groups: benign cardiac tumors (n = 7) and malignant cardiac tumors (n = 17) (cardiac primaries [n = 8] and metastases [n = 9]). SUV(max) was compared between the 2 groups. Results were compared with contrast-enhanced CT, using standardized criteria of malignancy. Histology served as ground truth. RESULTS Mean SUV(max) was 2.8 ± 0.6 in benign cardiac tumors and significantly higher both in malignant primary and in secondary cardiac tumors (8.0 ± 2.1 and 10.8 ± 4.9, P < 0.01). Malignancy was determined with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 86% (accuracy, 96%), after a cutoff with high sensitivity (SUV(max) of 3.5) was chosen to avoid false-negatives. Morphologic imaging reached a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 86% (accuracy, 83%). Both false-positive and false-negative decisions in morphology could be corrected in all but 1 case using a metabolic threshold with an SUV(max) of 3.5. In addition, extracardiac tumor manifestations were detected in 4 patients by whole-body (18)F-FDG PET/CT. CONCLUSION (18)F-FDG PET/CT can aid the noninvasive preoperative determination of malignancy and may be helpful in detecting metastases of malignant cardiac tumors.
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The long noncoding MALAT-1 RNA indicates a poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer and induces migration and tumor growth. J Thorac Oncol 2012; 6:1984-92. [PMID: 22088988 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0b013e3182307eac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The functions of large noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have remained elusive in many cases. Metastasis-Associated-in-Lung-Adenocarcinoma-Transcript-1 (MALAT-1) is an ncRNA that is highly expressed in several tumor types. METHODS Overexpression and RNA interference (RNAi) approaches were used for the analysis of the biological functions of MALAT-1 RNA. Tumor growth was studied in nude mice. For prognostic analysis, MALAT-1 RNA was detected on paraffin-embedded non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissue probes (n = 352) using in situ hybridization. RESULTS MALAT-1 was highly expressed in several human NSCLC cell lines. MALAT-1 expression was regulated by an endogenous negative feedback loop. In A549 NSCLCs, RNAi-mediated suppression of MALAT-1 RNA suppressed migration and clonogenic growth. Forced expression of MALAT-1 in NIH 3T3 cells significantly increased migration. Upon injection into nude mice, NSCLC xenografts with decreased MALAT-1 expression were impaired in tumor formation and growth. In situ hybridization on paraffin-embedded lung cancer tissue probes revealed that high MALAT-1 RNA expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung was associated with a poor prognosis. On genetic level, MALAT-1 displays the strongest association with genes involved in cancer like cellular growth, movement, proliferation, signaling, and immune regulation. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that MALAT-1 expression levels are associated with patient survival and identify tumor-promoting functions of MALAT-1.
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Die lange nicht-kodierende RNA MALAT-1 beschleunigt Zellmigration und Wundheilung. Pneumologie 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1302890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Die Rolle der Apoptosefaktoren Bcl-2 und Bcl-xl hängen beim NSCLC von Tumorhistologie und Tumorstadium ab. Pneumologie 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1302888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Die lange nicht-kodierende MALAT-1 RNA begünstigt Tumorwachstum, Invasion und Migration von Lungenkarzinomzellen. Pneumologie 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1296143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Fulminant invasive pulmonary mucormycosis with Rhizopus oryzae in a patient with severe aplastic anaemia and common variable immunodeficiency. Mycoses 2011; 55:e32-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2011.02119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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High-dose chemotherapy with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in patients with poor- and intermediate-prognosis metastatic germ cell tumors: A retrospective monocenter analysis of 44 cases. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e15043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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The functional -374T/A polymorphism of the receptor for advanced glycation end products may modulate Crohn's disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 300:G823-32. [PMID: 21311028 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00115.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is involved in innate immune mechanisms. Polymorphisms of the RAGE gene have been described as a factor amplifying inflammation in susceptible patients, but the association with Crohn's disease (CD) is not known. The coding RAGE polymorphism G82S (rs2070600) and two promoter polymorphisms, -374T/A (rs1800624) and -429T/C (rs1800625), were studied in two samples from Germany and the United States consisting of 421 and 317 CD patients and 549 and 218 controls, respectively. To test the functional relevance, additional data on serum soluble RAGE (sRAGE), tissue RNA, and protein levels were collected and immunohistochemical stainings of bowel tissue of CD patients and healthy controls as well as models of experimental (dextran sodium sulfate-induced) colitis in RAGE knockout and wild-type mice were performed. The -374T/A RAGE promotor single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was negatively associated with CD (odds ratio = 0.708, 95% confidence interval = 0.535-0.938, P = 0.016) and with stenosis (OR = 0.627, P = 0.04) in the German sample. Transmission disequilibrium testing confirmed an undertransmission of the -374A allele. Serum sRAGE levels were higher in patients in complete remission of the -374AA/TA group (1,975 ± 299 pg/ml; -374TT group: 1,310 ± 153 pg/ml SE, P < 0.05) and showed a trend toward decreased levels in CD patients with active disease compared with CD patients in remission. Further in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that an increase of sRAGE ameliorates inflammation. The -429T/C and the G82S polymorphism were not associated with CD. The -374T/A RAGE polymorphism leading to facilitated RAGE gene transcription may to some degree protect from developing a stricturing subphenotype of CD, most likely by increasing levels of sRAGE, which neutralizes proinflammatory mediators.
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Systemic sclerosis and collagenous colitis in a patient with retroperitoneal fibrosis. Scand J Rheumatol 2011; 40:322-3. [DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2011.555926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Die lange nicht-kodierende MALAT-1 RNA begünstigt Tumorwachstum, Invasion und Migration von Lungenkarzinomzellen. Pneumologie 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1272240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Vascular infarction by subcutaneous application of tissue factor targeted to tumor vessels with NGR-peptides: activity and toxicity profile. Int J Oncol 2011; 37:1389-97. [PMID: 21042706 DOI: 10.3892/ijo_00000790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
tTF-NGR consists of the extracellular domain of the (truncated) tissue factor (tTF), a central molecule for coagulation in vivo, and the peptide GNGRAHA (NGR), a ligand of the surface protein aminopeptidase N (CD13). After deamidation of the NGR-peptide moiety, the fusion protein is also a ligand for integrin αvβ3 (CD51/CD61). Both surface proteins are upregulated on endothelial cells of tumor vessels. tTF-NGR showed binding to specific binding sites on endothelial cells in vitro as shown by flow cytometry. Subcutaneous injection of tTF-NGR into athymic mice bearing human HT1080 fibrosarcoma tumors induced tumor growth retardation and delay. Contrast enhanced ultrasound detected a decrease in tumor blood flow in vivo after application of tTF-NGR. Histological analysis of the tumors revealed vascular disruption due to blood pooling and thrombotic occlusion of tumor vessels. Furthermore, a lack of resistance was shown by re-exposure of tumor-bearing mice to tTF-NGR after regrowth following a first cycle of treatment. However, after subcutaneous (s.c.) push injection with therapeutic doses (1-5 mg/kg bw) side effects have been observed, such as skin bleeding and reduced performance. Since lethality started within the therapeutic dose range (LD10 approximately 2 mg/kg bw) no safe therapeutic window could be found. Limiting toxicity was represented by thrombo-embolic events in major organ systems as demonstrated by histology. Thus, subcutaneous injection of tTF-NGR represents an active, but toxic application procedure and compares unfavourably to intravenous infusion.
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Outcome of supraselective transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Scand J Gastroenterol 2011; 46:201-10. [PMID: 20969491 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2010.525256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common tumor in cirrhotic patients with a median survival of only 8-10 months if untreated. Supraselective transarterial chemoembolization (STACE) is supposed to be a well-established method for treating HCC patients. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of STACE on post-transplant survival in patients with HCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS The charts of 53 HCC patients were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty-seven patients had STACE as a bridging therapy while 26 patients were scheduled for liver transplantation (LTX) without prior STACE therapy. A total of 53% of the patients who underwent LTX preoperatively fulfilled the Milan criteria, while 70.6% fulfilled the expanded University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) transplant criteria. Primary endpoint was the post-transplant survival. Statistical analysis included Kaplan-Meier-method, log rank, and chi square tests. RESULTS Between the LTX groups (STACE vs. non-STACE), there was no significant difference in terms of age, Child classification, Okuda stage, co-morbidities, underlying disease, and post-transplant survival (p > 0.05). Independent of prior STACE, however, disease-free survival after LTX was highly significantly prolonged if LTX was performed within 3 months after initial diagnosis of HCC (p < 0.01) or if patients met the expanded transplant UCSF criteria (p = 0.02). Post-transplant survival did not depend on tumor size. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that STACE performed prior to LTX does not secure any post-transplant survival benefit, while early LTX, i.e. within 3 months after HCC diagnosis, does improve survival regardless of whether STACE was performed or not. Additionally, fulfillment of the expanded transplant UCSF criteria leads to a prolonged post-transplant survival.
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FDG-PET/CT in benign and malignant cardiac tumors. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1268948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pulmonary dirofilariasis in a Caucasian patient with metastasised osteosarcoma in a non-endemic European region. Thorax 2010; 66:270. [PMID: 21081486 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2010.142323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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The proteoglycan biglycan regulates expression of the B cell chemoattractant CXCL13 and aggravates murine lupus nephritis. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:4251-72. [PMID: 21084753 DOI: 10.1172/jci42213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCL13 is a key B cell chemoattractant and marker of disease activity in patients with SLE; however, the mechanism of its induction has not been identified yet. Here, we have shown that the proteoglycan biglycan triggers CXCL13 expression via TLR2/4 in macrophages and dendritic cells. In vivo, levels of biglycan were markedly elevated in the plasma and kidneys of human SLE patients and lupus-prone (MRL/lpr) mice. Overexpression of soluble biglycan in MRL/lpr mice raised plasma and renal levels of CXCL13 and caused accumulation of B cells with an enhanced B1/B cell ratio in the kidney, worsening of organ damage, and albuminuria. Importantly, biglycan also triggered CXCL13 expression and B cell infiltration in the healthy kidney. Conversely, biglycan deficiency improved systemic and renal outcome in lupus-prone mice, with lower levels of autoantibodies, less enlargement of the spleen and lymph nodes, and reduction in renal damage and albuminuria. This correlated with a marked decline in circulating and renal CXCL13 and a reduction in the number of B cells in the kidney. Collectively, our results describe what we believe to be a novel mechanism for the regulation of CXCL13 by biglycan, a host-derived ligand for TLR2/4. Blocking biglycan-TLR2/4 interactions might be a promising strategy for the management of SLE and other B cell-mediated inflammatory disease entities.
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Therapy refractory coronary compression caused by a cardiac metastasis: The role of imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 2010; 17:696-8. [PMID: 20033855 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-009-9184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Globo H korreliert mit dem Blutgruppenmerkmal A1 und mit einer negativen Prognose in NSCLC. Pneumologie 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1251234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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41
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Evaluierung eines Apoptosepanels zur Stratifizierung der Prognose bei kurativ resezierten NSCLC-Patienten. Pneumologie 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1251123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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42
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Giant left atrial sarcoma. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1246665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Giant solitary fibrous tumour in the mediastinum. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1246912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sex mismatch in heart transplantation is associated with increased number of severe rejection episodes and shorter long-term survival. Transplant Proc 2010; 41:2579-84. [PMID: 19715978 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart transplantation is the criterion standard for treating end-stage heart failure. Male sex of both the donor organ and the recipient is advantageous for survival, possibly owing to hemodynamic or immunologic reasons. The effect of sex mismatch on long-term survival in male heart transplant recipients is less known. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this prospective single-center study, we reviewed follow-up data for 57 sex-mismatched and 179 sex-matched men who underwent orthotopic heart transplantation between 1990 and 2002. RESULTS Median survival was significantly shorter in the sex-mismatched group (8.1 vs 12.9 years; P < .04). Subgroup analysis revealed that this was even more pronounced in male heart recipients with coronary artery disease (2.4 vs 12.9 years; P < .001). Female donor organs were significantly smaller (left ventricular end-diastolic diameter 49 vs 51 mm; P < .05), and recipients more often experienced clinically relevant episodes of cellular rejection during the first 3 months posttransplantation (International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation grade 3, 5.6% vs 3.1%; P < .001). Global left ventricular function, and immunosuppressive and inflammatory parameters did not differ. CONCLUSION In male orthotopic heart transplant recipients, sex mismatch is associated with adverse outcome owing to increased number and severity of episodes of graft rejection.
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Expression of tight and adherens junction proteins in ulcerative colitis associated colorectal carcinoma: upregulation of claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-4, and beta-catenin. Int J Colorectal Dis 2009; 24:361-8. [PMID: 19184060 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-009-0653-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tight junction (TJ) proteins play a critical role in cellular adhesion, glandular differentiation, and cellular proliferation. The function of these proteins is compromised in a number of intestinal diseases, including ulcerative colitis that has an increased incidence for colorectal carcinoma (CAC). The aim of this study was to determine the expression of TJ proteins, claudin-1-4, occludin, ZO-1, and the adherens junction (AJ) protein beta-catenin in CAC. METHODS Sixteen colectomy specimens with CAC, adjoining intraepithelial neoplasia, and normal mucosa were studied by immunofluorescence. A semiquantitative evaluation of all investigated proteins was performed by scoring the staining intensity, and the TJ and AJ protein expression in neoplastic cells was compared to normal and intraepithelial neoplastic colonic mucosa. RESULTS Using an intensity scoring system, mucosa of crypts and surfaces of CAC exhibited significantly elevated expression levels of claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-4, and beta-catenin compared to intraepithelial neoplasia and normal mucosa (p<0.05). These data were confirmed by a comparative score. The expression of claudin-2, occludin, and ZO-1 showed no differences between the groups. CONCLUSION TJ proteins claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-4, and the AJ protein beta-catenin are overexpressed in CAC. This suggests that these proteins may become potential markers and targets in CAC.
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Absence of Pathognomonic or Inflammatory Patterns in Cardiac Biopsies From Patients With Brugada Syndrome. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2009; 2:16-23. [DOI: 10.1161/circep.107.737882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Cardiac tumour in a patient with Li-Fraumeni-Syndrom. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1191724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Intrathoracic Psammomatous Melanotic Schwannoma Associated With the Carney Complex. Ann Thorac Surg 2008; 86:657-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2007] [Revised: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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