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Li A, der Beek TA, Zhang J, Schmid C, Schüth C. Characterizing spatiotemporal variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Taihu Lake, China. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:713. [PMID: 36042104 PMCID: PMC9427900 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the concentration distributions of 20 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 41 water samples which were collected from the northern part of Taihu Lake during 4 field campaigns (201511, 201606, 201702 and 201709). The concentrations were determined with GC-MS, and their spatial and seasonal distribution characteristics were interpreted. The results show that 2-ring PAHs present considerably higher concentrations in warm seasons than cold seasons, but the concentrations of the other higher-ring PAHs are rather stable in warm and cold seasons. The distribution patterns of these PAHs might be mainly attributed to ambient temperature effects on the PAH solubility in the water body. Meanwhile, the spatial distributions of the PAH concentrations in cold seasons were rather various in the sampling area, while the distributions in the warm seasons were homogeneous. The different distributions could result from the water recharge from the Yangtze River during cold seasons, which diluted PAH concentrations in the northeastern part of the lake. Furthermore, via literature review on PAH concentrations in water body, PAHs are in a wide range of levels and their patterns are different among the studies, which should be more effected by local factors instead of general PAH properties. The results from this study also present special characteristics of PAHs in Taihu Lake, which exhibit more insight on PAHs existence in water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Li
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
- China Coal Aerial Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Group Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 710199, China.
| | - Tim Aus der Beek
- IWW Water Centre, Moritzstrasse 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jin Zhang
- Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Cora Schmid
- IWW Water Centre, Moritzstrasse 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christoph Schüth
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- IWW Water Centre, Moritzstrasse 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Jia Y, Schmid C, Shuliakevich A, Hammers-Wirtz M, Gottschlich A, der Beek TA, Yin D, Qin B, Zou H, Dopp E, Hollert H. Toxicological and ecotoxicological evaluation of the water quality in a large and eutrophic freshwater lake of China. Sci Total Environ 2019; 667:809-820. [PMID: 30851614 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Effect-based methods (EBMs) are recommended as holistic approach for diagnosis and monitoring of water quality; however, the application of EBMs is still scare in China. In the present study, water quality of the freshwater lake Taihu (China) was investigated by EBMs. Different types of water samples were collected from three bays of the lake during 2015, 2016 and 2017. A battery of seven effect-based bioassays, including both specific and non-specific toxicity assays, was used. The bioassay battery was recently suggested based on joint activities of the EU project SOLUTIONS and the NORMAN network on emerging pollutants and is also under discussion for being implemented into monitoring activities in the context of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Adverse effects were observed towards the primary producer, primary consumer and fish, indicating the potential ecotoxicity of water in Taihu Lake. Mutagenic and estrogenic effects were found in the Ames fluctuation assay and ERα CALUX (Chemically Activated Luciferase Gene-eXpression) assay, respectively, highlighting the potential risks on human health. Algal growth inhibition and mutagenic effects can be observed during each of the three years. Acute toxicity towards Daphnia magna and estrogen receptor agonistic effects were found in at least one of the samples collected in 2016 and 2017, but not in 2015. The endpoints for fish toxicity in the Danio rerio fish embryo test included both lethal and additionally several sublethal effects (only for samples from 2017) and were not compared between years. Algal growth inhibition, fish embryo toxicity, mutagenic effect and estrogenicity were observed in each of the three bays, while Daphnia acute toxicity was only found in Zhushan Bay. Taking together, this study provides a big picture on the water quality of Taihu Lake. The battery of effect-based tools is promising to be a routine for water quality monitoring in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlu Jia
- RWTH Aachen University, ABBt- Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Cora Schmid
- IWW Water Centre, Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany; University Duisburg-Essen, Zentrum für Wasser- und Umweltforschung (ZWU), Germany
| | - Aliaksandra Shuliakevich
- RWTH Aachen University, ABBt- Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany
| | - Monika Hammers-Wirtz
- Research Institute for Ecosystem Analysis and Assessment - gaiac, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | - Daqiang Yin
- Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai, China
| | - Boqiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Hua Zou
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Elke Dopp
- IWW Water Centre, Mülheim a.d. Ruhr, Germany; University Duisburg-Essen, Zentrum für Wasser- und Umweltforschung (ZWU), Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, ABBt- Aachen Biology and Biotechnology, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Aachen, Germany; Research Institute for Ecosystem Analysis and Assessment - gaiac, Aachen, Germany; Tongji University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai, China; Nanjing University, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing, China.
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Li A, Beek TAD, Schubert M, Yu Z, Schiedek T, Schüth C. Sedimentary archive of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and perylene sources in the northern part of Taihu Lake, China. Environ Pollut 2019; 246:198-206. [PMID: 30551038 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we analyzed the concentration patterns of 20 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 25 surface sediments and 11 sediment cores from the northern part of Taihu Lake, China. Three of the cores were dated based on 137Cs activity for the deposition age of the sediment. The spatial distributions of the PAH concentrations show that the inflow rivers into Zhushan Bay and Meiliang Bay were the main pathway for PAHs and sediment input to the northern part of the lake. This results in substantially higher PAH concentrations (up to 5000 ng/g) and sedimentation rates (higher than the average of 3-4 mm/a) in the area close to the river outlets. In addition, results also show that PAH concentrations in the sediments considerably increased from the early 1960s, but the decreasing concentrations in the upper layers of the sediment could be attributed to the introduction of measures on environmental improvement from ca. 2000. There were both anthropogenic and biogenic origins of perylene in the lake sediments, which were distinguished based on spatial distribution patterns and also the concentration proportions of perylene to the sum of the 20 PAHs. In the cores collected close to river outlets, the concentration proportions of perylene typically range from 0.02 to 0.18 and there are significant positive linear correlations between the concentration of perylene and three anthropogenic PAHs (Benzo[a]pyrene, Benzo[e]pyrene, Pyrene), suggesting that perylene was dominated by anthropogenic input. However, the cores collected further away from the river outlets show the concentration proportions between 0.13 and 0.96, and present significant negative correlations or no correlations between perylene and the three PAHs, suggesting that perylene was mainly formed by biogenic activities. Furthermore, the different perylene sources accompanied with the location distributions imply that anthropogenic activities could inhibit its biogenic formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili Li
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 9, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Tim Aus der Beek
- IWW Water Centre, Moritzstrasse 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Michael Schubert
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Zhenyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Thomas Schiedek
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 9, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Christoph Schüth
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstrasse 9, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany; IWW Water Centre, Moritzstrasse 26, 45476, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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