1
|
Hall-Quinlan DL, He H, Ren X, Canty TP, Salawitch RJ, Stratton P, Dickerson RR. Inferred vehicular emissions at a near-road site: Impacts of COVID-19 restrictions, traffic patterns, and ambient air temperature. Atmos Environ (1994) 2023; 299:119649. [PMID: 36816430 PMCID: PMC9918323 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vehicles are a major source of anthropogenic emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and black carbon (BC). CO and NOx are known to be harmful to human health and contribute to ozone formation, while BC absorbs solar radiation that contributes to global warming and also has negative impacts on human health and visibility. Travel restrictions implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic provide researchers the opportunity to study the impact of large, on-road traffic reductions on local air quality. Traffic counts collected along Interstate-95, a major eight-lane highway in Maryland (US), reveal a 60% decrease in passenger car totals and an 8.6% (combination-unit) and 21% (single-unit) decrease in truck traffic counts in April 2020 relative to prior Aprils. The decrease in total on-road vehicles led to the near-elimination in stop-and-go traffic and a 14% increase in the mean vehicle speed during April 2020. Ambient near-road (NR) BC, CO, NOx, and carbon dioxide (CO2) measurements were used to determine vehicular emission ratios (ΔBC/ΔCO, ΔBC/ΔCO2, ΔNOx/ΔCO, ΔNOx/ΔCO2, and ΔCO/ΔCO2), with each ratio defined as the slope value of a linear regression performed on the concentrations of two pollutants within an hour. A decrease of up to a factor of two in ΔBC/ΔCO, ΔBC/ΔCO2, ΔNOx/ΔCO2, and in the fraction of on-road diesel vehicles from weekdays to weekends shows diesel vehicles to be the dominant source of BC and NOx emissions at this NR site. We estimate up to a 70% reduction in BC emissions in April 2020 compared to earlier years, and attribute much of this to lower diesel BC emissions resulting from improvements in traffic flow and fewer instances of acceleration and braking. Future efforts to reduce vehicular BC emissions should focus on improving traffic flow or turbocharger lag within diesel engines. Inferred BC emissions from the NR site also depend on ambient temperature, with an increase of 54% in ΔBC/ΔCO from -5 to 20 °C during the cold season, similar to previous studies that reported increasing BC emissions with rising temperature. The default setting of MOVES3, the current version of the mobile emission model used by the US EPA, does not adjust hot-running BC emissions for ambient temperature. Future work will focus on improving the accuracy of mobile emissions in air quality modeling by incorporating the effects of temperature and traffic flow in the system used to generate mobile emissions input for commonly used air quality models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dolly L Hall-Quinlan
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Hao He
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xinrong Ren
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Air Resources Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Timothy P Canty
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Marine Estuarine Environmental Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ross J Salawitch
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Phillip Stratton
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Russell R Dickerson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Anderson DC, Nicely JM, Wolfe GM, Hanisco TF, Salawitch RJ, Canty TP, Dickerson RR, Apel EC, Baidar S, Bannan TJ, Blake NJ, Chen D, Dix B, Fernandez RP, Hall SR, Hornbrook RS, Huey LG, Josse B, Jöckel P, Kinnison DE, Koenig TK, LeBreton M, Marécal V, Morgenstern O, Oman LD, Pan LL, Percival C, Plummer D, Revell LE, Rozanov E, Saiz-Lopez A, Stenke A, Sudo K, Tilmes S, Ullmann K, Volkamer R, Weinheimer AJ, Zeng G. Formaldehyde in the Tropical Western Pacific: Chemical sources and sinks, convective transport, and representation in CAM-Chem and the CCMI models. J Geophys Res Atmos 2017. [PMID: 29527424 DOI: 10.1002/2017ja024474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) directly affects the atmospheric oxidative capacity through its effects on HOx. In remote marine environments, such as the Tropical Western Pacific (TWP), it is particularly important to understand the processes controlling the abundance of HCHO because model output from these regions is used to correct satellite retrievals of HCHO. Here, we have used observations from the CONTRAST field campaign, conducted during January and February 2014, to evaluate our understanding of the processes controlling the distribution of HCHO in the TWP as well as its representation in chemical transport/climate models. Observed HCHO mixing ratios varied from ~500 pptv near the surface to ~75 pptv in the upper troposphere. Recent convective transport of near surface HCHO and its precursors, acetaldehyde and possibly methyl hydroperoxide, increased upper tropospheric HCHO mixing ratios by ~33% (22 pptv); this air contained roughly 60% less NO than more aged air. Output from the CAM-Chem chemistry transport model (2014 meteorology) as well as nine chemistry climate models from the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (free-running meteorology) are found to uniformly underestimate HCHO columns derived from in situ observations by between 4 and 50%. This underestimate of HCHO likely results from a near factor of two underestimate of NO in most models, which strongly suggests errors in NOx emissions inventories and/or in the model chemical mechanisms. Likewise, the lack of oceanic acetaldehyde emissions and potential errors in the model acetaldehyde chemistry lead to additional underestimates in modeled HCHO of up to 75 pptv (~15%) in the lower troposphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Anderson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie M Nicely
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, Maryland, USA
| | - Glenn M Wolfe
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas F Hanisco
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Ross J Salawitch
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy P Canty
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell R Dickerson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric C Apel
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Sunil Baidar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Nicola J Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Dexian Chen
- School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Barbara Dix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Rafael P Fernandez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Natural Science, National Research Council (CONICET), FCEN-UNCuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Samuel R Hall
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - L Gregory Huey
- School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Beatrice Josse
- Centre National de Recherche Météorologique, UMR3589, Méteo-France-CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Jöckel
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | | | - Theodore K Koenig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael LeBreton
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Virginie Marécal
- Centre National de Recherche Météorologique, UMR3589, Méteo-France-CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Olaf Morgenstern
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Luke D Oman
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura L Pan
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Carl Percival
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, UK
| | - David Plummer
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis, Environment Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura E Revell
- Bodeker Scientific, Alexandra, New Zealand
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eugene Rozanov
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zürich, Switzerland
- Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos World Radiation Centre, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Stenke
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kengo Sudo
- Nagoya University, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya, Japan
- Japan Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Simone Tilmes
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Kirk Ullmann
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Guang Zeng
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Anderson DC, Nicely JM, Wolfe GM, Hanisco TF, Salawitch RJ, Canty TP, Dickerson RR, Apel EC, Baidar S, Bannan TJ, Blake NJ, Chen D, Dix B, Fernandez RP, Hall SR, Hornbrook RS, Huey LG, Josse B, Jöckel P, Kinnison DE, Koenig TK, LeBreton M, Marécal V, Morgenstern O, Oman LD, Pan LL, Percival C, Plummer D, Revell LE, Rozanov E, Saiz-Lopez A, Stenke A, Sudo K, Tilmes S, Ullmann K, Volkamer R, Weinheimer AJ, Zeng G. Formaldehyde in the Tropical Western Pacific: Chemical sources and sinks, convective transport, and representation in CAM-Chem and the CCMI models. J Geophys Res Atmos 2017; 122:11201-11226. [PMID: 29527424 PMCID: PMC5839129 DOI: 10.1002/2016jd026121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde (HCHO) directly affects the atmospheric oxidative capacity through its effects on HOx. In remote marine environments, such as the Tropical Western Pacific (TWP), it is particularly important to understand the processes controlling the abundance of HCHO because model output from these regions is used to correct satellite retrievals of HCHO. Here, we have used observations from the CONTRAST field campaign, conducted during January and February 2014, to evaluate our understanding of the processes controlling the distribution of HCHO in the TWP as well as its representation in chemical transport/climate models. Observed HCHO mixing ratios varied from ~500 pptv near the surface to ~75 pptv in the upper troposphere. Recent convective transport of near surface HCHO and its precursors, acetaldehyde and possibly methyl hydroperoxide, increased upper tropospheric HCHO mixing ratios by ~33% (22 pptv); this air contained roughly 60% less NO than more aged air. Output from the CAM-Chem chemistry transport model (2014 meteorology) as well as nine chemistry climate models from the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (free-running meteorology) are found to uniformly underestimate HCHO columns derived from in situ observations by between 4 and 50%. This underestimate of HCHO likely results from a near factor of two underestimate of NO in most models, which strongly suggests errors in NOx emissions inventories and/or in the model chemical mechanisms. Likewise, the lack of oceanic acetaldehyde emissions and potential errors in the model acetaldehyde chemistry lead to additional underestimates in modeled HCHO of up to 75 pptv (~15%) in the lower troposphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Anderson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie M Nicely
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, Maryland, USA
| | - Glenn M Wolfe
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas F Hanisco
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Ross J Salawitch
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy P Canty
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell R Dickerson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric C Apel
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Sunil Baidar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Nicola J Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Dexian Chen
- School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Barbara Dix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Rafael P Fernandez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Natural Science, National Research Council (CONICET), FCEN-UNCuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Samuel R Hall
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - L Gregory Huey
- School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Beatrice Josse
- Centre National de Recherche Météorologique, UMR3589, Méteo-France-CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Jöckel
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | | | - Theodore K Koenig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael LeBreton
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Virginie Marécal
- Centre National de Recherche Météorologique, UMR3589, Méteo-France-CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Olaf Morgenstern
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Luke D Oman
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura L Pan
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Carl Percival
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, UK
| | - David Plummer
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis, Environment Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura E Revell
- Bodeker Scientific, Alexandra, New Zealand
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eugene Rozanov
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zürich, Switzerland
- Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos World Radiation Centre, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Stenke
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kengo Sudo
- Nagoya University, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya, Japan
- Japan Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Simone Tilmes
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Kirk Ullmann
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Guang Zeng
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Oman LD, Douglass AR, Salawitch RJ, Canty TP, Ziemke JR, Manyin M. The Effect of Representing Bromine from VSLS on the Simulation and Evolution of Antarctic Ozone. Geophys Res Lett 2016; 43:9869-9876. [PMID: 29551840 PMCID: PMC5854488 DOI: 10.1002/2016gl070471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We use the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry-Climate Model (GEOSCCM), a contributor to both the 2010 and 2014 WMO Ozone Assessment Reports, to show that inclusion of 5 parts per trillion (ppt) of stratospheric bromine (Bry) from very short-lived substances (VSLS) is responsible for about a decade delay in ozone hole recovery. These results partially explain the significantly later recovery of Antarctic ozone noted in the 2014 report, as bromine from VSLS was not included in the 2010 Assessment. We show multiple lines of evidence that simulations that account for VSLS Bry are in better agreement with both total column BrO and the seasonal evolution of Antarctic ozone reported by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA's Aura satellite. In addition, the near zero ozone levels observed in the deep Antarctic lower stratospheric polar vortex are only reproduced in a simulation that includes this Bry source from VSLS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke D. Oman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jerald R. Ziemke
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Manyin
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Goldberg DL, Vinciguerra TP, Anderson DC, Hembeck L, Canty TP, Ehrman SH, Martins DK, Stauffer RM, Thompson AM, Salawitch RJ, Dickerson RR. CAMx Ozone Source Attribution in the Eastern United States using Guidance from Observations during DISCOVER-AQ Maryland. Geophys Res Lett 2016; 43:2249-2258. [PMID: 29618849 PMCID: PMC5880053 DOI: 10.1002/2015gl067332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A Comprehensive Air-Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx) version 6.10 simulation was assessed through comparison with data acquired during NASA's 2011 DISCOVER-AQ Maryland field campaign. Comparisons for the baseline simulation (CB05 chemistry, EPA 2011 National Emissions Inventory) show a model overestimate of NOy by +86.2% and an underestimate of HCHO by -28.3%. We present a new model framework (CB6r2 chemistry, MEGAN v2.1 biogenic emissions, 50% reduction in mobile NOx, enhanced representation of isoprene nitrates) that better matches observations. The new model framework attributes 31.4% more surface ozone in Maryland to electric generating units (EGUs) and 34.6% less ozone to on-road mobile sources. Surface ozone becomes more NOx-limited throughout the eastern United States compared to the baseline simulation. The baseline model therefore likely underestimates the effectiveness of anthropogenic NOx reductions as well as the current contribution of EGUs to surface ozone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Goldberg
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 860 424 6851. (D. L. Goldberg)
| | - Timothy P. Vinciguerra
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Daniel C. Anderson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Linda Hembeck
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Timothy P. Canty
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Sheryl H. Ehrman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Douglas K. Martins
- Department of Meteorology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ryan M. Stauffer
- Department of Meteorology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Anne M. Thompson
- Department of Meteorology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 614, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Ross J. Salawitch
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Russell R. Dickerson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Anderson DC, Nicely JM, Salawitch RJ, Canty TP, Dickerson RR, Hanisco TF, Wolfe GM, Apel EC, Atlas E, Bannan T, Bauguitte S, Blake NJ, Bresch JF, Campos TL, Carpenter LJ, Cohen MD, Evans M, Fernandez RP, Kahn BH, Kinnison DE, Hall SR, Harris NRP, Hornbrook RS, Lamarque JF, Le Breton M, Lee JD, Percival C, Pfister L, Pierce RB, Riemer DD, Saiz-Lopez A, Stunder BJB, Thompson AM, Ullmann K, Vaughan A, Weinheimer AJ. A pervasive role for biomass burning in tropical high ozone/low water structures. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10267. [PMID: 26758808 PMCID: PMC4735513 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Air parcels with mixing ratios of high O3 and low H2O (HOLW) are common features in the tropical western Pacific (TWP) mid-troposphere (300-700 hPa). Here, using data collected during aircraft sampling of the TWP in winter 2014, we find strong, positive correlations of O3 with multiple biomass burning tracers in these HOLW structures. Ozone levels in these structures are about a factor of three larger than background. Models, satellite data and aircraft observations are used to show fires in tropical Africa and Southeast Asia are the dominant source of high O3 and that low H2O results from large-scale descent within the tropical troposphere. Previous explanations that attribute HOLW structures to transport from the stratosphere or mid-latitude troposphere are inconsistent with our observations. This study suggest a larger role for biomass burning in the radiative forcing of climate in the remote TWP than is commonly appreciated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Anderson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Julie M Nicely
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Ross J Salawitch
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.,Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Timothy P Canty
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Russell R Dickerson
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Thomas F Hanisco
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - Glenn M Wolfe
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.,Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - Eric C Apel
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Elliot Atlas
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, USA
| | - Thomas Bannan
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric, and Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Nicola J Blake
- Deparment of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - James F Bresch
- Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Teresa L Campos
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Lucy J Carpenter
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Mark D Cohen
- NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
| | - Mathew Evans
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.,National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Rafael P Fernandez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain.,Department of Natural Science, National Research Council (CONICET), FCEN-UNCuyo, Mendoza 5501, Argentina
| | - Brian H Kahn
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - Douglas E Kinnison
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Samuel R Hall
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Neil R P Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Rebecca S Hornbrook
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Lamarque
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA.,Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Michael Le Breton
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric, and Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - James D Lee
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Carl Percival
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Earth, Atmospheric, and Environmental Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Leonhard Pfister
- Earth Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA
| | - R Bradley Pierce
- NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Daniel D Riemer
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, USA
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | | | - Anne M Thompson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - Kirk Ullmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Adam Vaughan
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Andrew J Weinheimer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| |
Collapse
|