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Keresteš V, Kubeš J, Applová L, Kollárová P, Lenčová-Popelová O, Melnikova I, Karabanovich G, Khazeem MM, Bavlovič-Piskáčková H, Štěrbová-Kovaříková P, Austin CA, Roh J, Štěrba M, Šimůnek T, Jirkovská A. Exploring the effects of topoisomerase II inhibitor XK469 on anthracycline cardiotoxicity and DNA damage. Toxicol Sci 2024; 198:288-302. [PMID: 38290791 PMCID: PMC10964739 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin (adriamycin), daunorubicin, or epirubicin, rank among the most effective agents in classical anticancer chemotherapy. However, cardiotoxicity remains the main limitation of their clinical use. Topoisomerase IIβ has recently been identified as a plausible target of anthracyclines in cardiomyocytes. We examined the putative topoisomerase IIβ selective agent XK469 as a potential cardioprotective and designed several new analogs. In our experiments, XK469 inhibited both topoisomerase isoforms (α and β) and did not induce topoisomerase II covalent complexes in isolated cardiomyocytes and HL-60, but induced proteasomal degradation of topoisomerase II in these cell types. The cardioprotective potential of XK469 was studied on rat neonatal cardiomyocytes, where dexrazoxane (ICRF-187), the only clinically approved cardioprotective, was effective. Initially, XK469 prevented daunorubicin-induced toxicity and p53 phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes. However, it only partially prevented the phosphorylation of H2AX and did not affect DNA damage measured by Comet Assay. It also did not compromise the daunorubicin antiproliferative effect in HL-60 leukemic cells. When administered to rabbits to evaluate its cardioprotective potential in vivo, XK469 failed to prevent the daunorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity in either acute or chronic settings. In the following in vitro analysis, we found that prolonged and continuous exposure of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes to XK469 led to significant toxicity. In conclusion, this study provides important evidence on the effects of XK469 and its combination with daunorubicin in clinically relevant doses in cardiomyocytes. Despite its promising characteristics, long-term treatments and in vivo experiments have not confirmed its cardioprotective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Keresteš
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubeš
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Applová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kollárová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Lenčová-Popelová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Iuliia Melnikova
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Galina Karabanovich
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Mushtaq M Khazeem
- National Center of Hematology, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Baghdad Governorate 79R2+RXM, Iraq
| | - Hana Bavlovič-Piskáčková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Štěrbová-Kovaříková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Caroline A Austin
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Štěrba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Jirkovská
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
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Incocciati A, Kubeš J, Piacentini R, Cappelletti C, Botta S, Bertuccini L, Šimůnek T, Boffi A, Macone A, Bonamore A. Hydrophobicity-enhanced ferritin nanoparticles for efficient encapsulation and targeted delivery of hydrophobic drugs to tumor cells. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4819. [PMID: 37883077 PMCID: PMC10661074 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin, a naturally occurring iron storage protein, has gained significant attention as a drug delivery platform due to its inherent biocompatibility and capacity to encapsulate therapeutic agents. In this study, we successfully genetically engineered human H ferritin by incorporating 4 or 6 tryptophan residues per subunit, strategically oriented towards the inner cavity of the nanoparticle. This modification aimed to enhance the encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs into the ferritin cage. Comprehensive characterization of the mutants revealed that only the variant carrying four tryptophan substitutions per subunit retained the ability to disassemble and reassemble properly. As a proof of concept, we evaluated the loading capacity of this mutant with ellipticine, a natural hydrophobic indole alkaloid with multimodal anticancer activity. Our data demonstrated that this specific mutant exhibited significantly higher efficiency in loading ellipticine compared to human H ferritin. Furthermore, to evaluate the versatility of this hydrophobicity-enhanced ferritin nanoparticle as a drug carrier, we conducted a comparative study by also encapsulating doxorubicin, a commonly used anticancer drug. Subsequently, we tested both ellipticine and doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles on a promyelocytic leukemia cell line, demonstrating efficient uptake by these cells and resulting in the expected cytotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Incocciati
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Jan Kubeš
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec KrálovéCharles UniversityHradec KrálovéCzech Republic
| | - Roberta Piacentini
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
- Center of Life Nano‐ and Neuro‐ScienceItalian Institute of TechnologyRomeItaly
| | - Chiara Cappelletti
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Sofia Botta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | | | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec KrálovéCharles UniversityHradec KrálovéCzech Republic
| | - Alberto Boffi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Alberto Macone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Alessandra Bonamore
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
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Hašková P, Applová L, Jansová H, Homola P, Franz KJ, Vávrová K, Roh J, Šimůnek T. Examination of diverse iron-chelating agents for the protection of differentiated PC12 cells against oxidative injury induced by 6-hydroxydopamine and dopamine. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9765. [PMID: 35697900 PMCID: PMC9192712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13554-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Labile redox-active iron ions have been implicated in various neurodegenerative disorders, including the Parkinson's disease (PD). Iron chelation has been successfully used in clinical practice to manage iron overload in diseases such as thalassemia major; however, the use of conventional iron chelators in pathological states without systemic iron overload remains at the preclinical investigative level and is complicated by the risk of adverse outcomes due to systemic iron depletion. In this study, we examined three clinically-used chelators, namely, desferrioxamine, deferiprone and deferasirox and compared them with experimental agent salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (SIH) and its boronate-masked prochelator BSIH for protection of differentiated PC12 cells against the toxicity of catecholamines 6-hydroxydopamine and dopamine and their oxidation products. All the assayed chelating agents were able to significantly reduce the catecholamine toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Whereas hydrophilic chelator desferrioxamine exerted protection only at high and clinically unachievable concentrations, deferiprone and deferasirox significantly reduced the catecholamine neurotoxicity at concentrations that are within their plasma levels following standard dosage. SIH was the most effective iron chelator to protect the cells with the lowest own toxicity of all the assayed conventional chelators. This favorable feature was even more pronounced in prochelator BSIH that does not chelate iron unless its protective group is cleaved in disease-specific oxidative stress conditions. Hence, this study demonstrated that while iron chelation may have general neuroprotective potential against catecholamine auto-oxidation and toxicity, SIH and BSIH represent promising lead molecules and warrant further studies in more complex animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Hašková
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Applová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Jansová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Homola
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | | | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Jirkovský E, Jirkovská A, Bavlovič-Piskáčková H, Skalická V, Pokorná Z, Karabanovich G, Kollárová-Brázdová P, Kubeš J, Lenčová-Popelová O, Mazurová Y, Adamcová M, Lyon AR, Roh J, Šimůnek T, Štěrbová-Kovaříková P, Štěrba M. Clinically Translatable Prevention of Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity by Dexrazoxane Is Mediated by Topoisomerase II Beta and Not Metal Chelation. Circ Heart Fail 2021; 14:e008209. [PMID: 34551586 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.120.008209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthracycline-induced heart failure has been traditionally attributed to direct iron-catalyzed oxidative damage. Dexrazoxane (DEX)-the only drug approved for its prevention-has been believed to protect the heart via its iron-chelating metabolite ADR-925. However, direct evidence is lacking, and recently proposed TOP2B (topoisomerase II beta) hypothesis challenged the original concept. METHODS Pharmacokinetically guided study of the cardioprotective effects of clinically used DEX and its chelating metabolite ADR-925 (administered exogenously) was performed together with mechanistic experiments. The cardiotoxicity was induced by daunorubicin in neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes in vitro and in a chronic rabbit model in vivo (n=50). RESULTS Intracellular concentrations of ADR-925 in neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes and rabbit hearts after treatment with exogenous ADR-925 were similar or exceeded those observed after treatment with the parent DEX. However, ADR-925 did not protect neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes against anthracycline toxicity, whereas DEX exhibited significant protective effects (10-100 µmol/L; P<0.001). Unlike DEX, ADR-925 also had no significant impact on daunorubicin-induced mortality, blood congestion, and biochemical and functional markers of cardiac dysfunction in vivo (eg, end point left ventricular fractional shortening was 32.3±14.7%, 33.5±4.8%, 42.7±1.0%, and 41.5±1.1% for the daunorubicin, ADR-925 [120 mg/kg]+daunorubicin, DEX [60 mg/kg]+daunorubicin, and control groups, respectively; P<0.05). DEX, but not ADR-925, inhibited and depleted TOP2B and prevented daunorubicin-induced genotoxic damage. TOP2B dependency of the cardioprotective effects was probed and supported by experiments with diastereomers of a new DEX derivative. CONCLUSIONS This study strongly supports a new mechanistic paradigm that attributes clinically effective cardioprotection against anthracycline cardiotoxicity to interactions with TOP2B but not metal chelation and protection against direct oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Jirkovský
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., Z.P., P.K.-B., O.L.-P., M.Š.), Charles University, Czech Republic.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové (E.J.), Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Jirkovská
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové (A.J., V.S., J.K., T.Š.), Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Bavlovič-Piskáčková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové (H.B.-P., P.Š.-K.), Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Skalická
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové (A.J., V.S., J.K., T.Š.), Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Pokorná
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., Z.P., P.K.-B., O.L.-P., M.Š.), Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Galina Karabanovich
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové (G.K., J.R.), Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kollárová-Brázdová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., Z.P., P.K.-B., O.L.-P., M.Š.), Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubeš
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové (A.J., V.S., J.K., T.Š.), Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Lenčová-Popelová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., Z.P., P.K.-B., O.L.-P., M.Š.), Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Yvona Mazurová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (Y.M.), Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Adamcová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (M.A.), Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander R Lyon
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (A.R.L.)
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové (G.K., J.R.), Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové (A.J., V.S., J.K., T.Š.), Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Štěrbová-Kovaříková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové (H.B.-P., P.Š.-K.), Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Štěrba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., Z.P., P.K.-B., O.L.-P., M.Š.), Charles University, Czech Republic
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Jirkovská A, Karabanovich G, Kubeš J, Skalická V, Melnikova I, Korábečný J, Kučera T, Jirkovský E, Nováková L, Bavlovič Piskáčková H, Škoda J, Štěrba M, Austin CA, Šimůnek T, Roh J. Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Dexrazoxane Analogues Reveals ICRF-193 as the Most Potent Bisdioxopiperazine against Anthracycline Toxicity to Cardiomyocytes Due to Its Strong Topoisomerase IIβ Interactions. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3997-4019. [PMID: 33750129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardioprotective activity of dexrazoxane (ICRF-187), the only clinically approved drug against anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, has traditionally been attributed to its iron-chelating metabolite. However, recent experimental evidence suggested that the inhibition and/or depletion of topoisomerase IIβ (TOP2B) by dexrazoxane could be cardioprotective. Hence, we evaluated a series of dexrazoxane analogues and found that their cardioprotective activity strongly correlated with their interaction with TOP2B in cardiomyocytes, but was independent of their iron chelation ability. Very tight structure-activity relationships were demonstrated on stereoisomeric forms of 4,4'-(butane-2,3-diyl)bis(piperazine-2,6-dione). In contrast to its rac-form 12, meso-derivative 11 (ICRF-193) showed a favorable binding mode to topoisomerase II in silico, inhibited and depleted TOP2B in cardiomyocytes more efficiently than dexrazoxane, and showed the highest cardioprotective efficiency. Importantly, the observed ICRF-193 cardioprotection did not interfere with the antiproliferative activity of anthracycline. Hence, this study identifies ICRF-193 as the new lead compound in the development of efficient cardioprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jirkovská
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Galina Karabanovich
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubeš
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Skalická
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Iuliia Melnikova
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korábečný
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Třebešská 1575, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kučera
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Třebešská 1575, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eduard Jirkovský
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Bavlovič Piskáčková
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Škoda
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Štěrba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Caroline A Austin
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Bavlovič Piskáčková H, Jansová H, Kubeš J, Karabanovich G, Váňová N, Kollárová-Brázdová P, Melnikova I, Jirkovská A, Lenčová-Popelová O, Chládek J, Roh J, Šimůnek T, Štěrba M, Štěrbová-Kovaříková P. Development of water-soluble prodrugs of the bisdioxopiperazine topoisomerase IIβ inhibitor ICRF-193 as potential cardioprotective agents against anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4456. [PMID: 33627707 PMCID: PMC7904827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The bisdioxopiperazine topoisomerase IIβ inhibitor ICRF-193 has been previously identified as a more potent analog of dexrazoxane (ICRF-187), a drug used in clinical practice against anthracycline cardiotoxicity. However, the poor aqueous solubility of ICRF-193 has precluded its further in vivo development as a cardioprotective agent. To overcome this issue, water-soluble prodrugs of ICRF-193 were prepared, their abilities to release ICRF-193 were investigated using a novel UHPLC-MS/MS assay, and their cytoprotective effects against anthracycline cardiotoxicity were tested in vitro in neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes (NVCMs). Based on the obtained results, the bis(2-aminoacetoxymethyl)-type prodrug GK-667 was selected for advanced investigations due to its straightforward synthesis, sufficient solubility, low cytotoxicity and favorable ICRF-193 release. Upon administration of GK-667 to NVCMs, the released ICRF-193 penetrated well into the cells, reached sufficient intracellular concentrations and provided effective cytoprotection against anthracycline toxicity. The pharmacokinetics of the prodrug, ICRF-193 and its rings-opened metabolite was estimated in vivo after administration of GK-667 to rabbits. The plasma concentrations of ICRF-193 reached were found to be adequate to achieve cardioprotective effects in vivo. Hence, GK-667 was demonstrated to be a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug of ICRF-193 and a promising drug candidate for further evaluation as a potential cardioprotectant against chronic anthracycline toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Bavlovič Piskáčková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Jansová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubeš
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Galina Karabanovich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Nela Váňová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kollárová-Brázdová
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Iuliia Melnikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Jirkovská
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Lenčová-Popelová
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Chládek
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Štěrba
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Štěrbová-Kovaříková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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7
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Kollárová-Brázdová P, Jirkovská A, Karabanovich G, Pokorná Z, Bavlovič Piskáčková H, Jirkovský E, Kubeš J, Lenčová-Popelová O, Mazurová Y, Adamcová M, Skalická V, Štěrbová-Kovaříková P, Roh J, Šimůnek T, Štěrba M. Investigation of Structure-Activity Relationships of Dexrazoxane Analogs Reveals Topoisomerase II β Interaction as a Prerequisite for Effective Protection against Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 373:402-415. [PMID: 32253261 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.264580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisdioxopiperazine agent dexrazoxane (ICRF-187) has been the only effective and approved drug for prevention of chronic anthracycline cardiotoxicity. However, the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of its cardioprotective effects remain obscure owing to limited investigation of its derivatives/analogs and uncertainties about its mechanism of action. To fill these knowledge gaps, we tested the hypothesis that dexrazoxane derivatives exert cardioprotection via metal chelation and/or modulation of topoisomerase IIβ (Top2B) activity in chronic anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Dexrazoxane was alkylated in positions that should not interfere with the metal-chelating mechanism of cardioprotective action; that is, on dioxopiperazine imides or directly on the dioxopiperazine ring. The protective effects of these agents were assessed in vitro in neonatal cardiomyocytes. All studied modifications of dexrazoxane molecule, including simple methylation, were found to abolish the cardioprotective effects. Because this challenged the prevailing mechanistic concept and previously reported data, the two closest derivatives [(±)-4,4'-(propane-1,2-diyl)bis(1-methylpiperazine-2,6-dione) and 4-(2-(3,5-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-3-methylpiperazine-2,6-dione] were thoroughly scrutinized in vivo using a rabbit model of chronic anthracycline cardiotoxicity. In contrast to dexrazoxane, both compounds failed to protect the heart, as demonstrated by mortality, cardiac dysfunction, and myocardial damage parameters, although the pharmacokinetics and metal-chelating properties of their metabolites were comparable to those of dexrazoxane. The loss of cardiac protection was shown to correlate with their abated potential to inhibit and deplete Top2B both in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest a very tight SAR between bisdioxopiperazine derivatives and their cardioprotective effects and support Top2B as a pivotal upstream druggable target for effective cardioprotection against anthracycline cardiotoxicity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study has revealed the previously unexpected tight structure-activity relationships of cardioprotective effects in derivatives of dexrazoxane, which is the only drug approved for the prevention of cardiomyopathy and heart failure induced by anthracycline anticancer drugs. The data presented in this study also strongly argue against the importance of metal-chelating mechanisms for the induction of this effect and support the viability of topoisomerase IIβ as an upstream druggable target for effective and clinically translatable cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kollárová-Brázdová
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.K.-B., Z.P., E.J., O.L.-P., M.Š.), Histology and Embryology (Y.M.), and Physiology (M.A.), Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (A.J., J.K., V.S., T.Š.), Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (H.B.P., P.Š.-K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.J.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Jirkovská
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.K.-B., Z.P., E.J., O.L.-P., M.Š.), Histology and Embryology (Y.M.), and Physiology (M.A.), Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (A.J., J.K., V.S., T.Š.), Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (H.B.P., P.Š.-K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.J.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Galina Karabanovich
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.K.-B., Z.P., E.J., O.L.-P., M.Š.), Histology and Embryology (Y.M.), and Physiology (M.A.), Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (A.J., J.K., V.S., T.Š.), Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (H.B.P., P.Š.-K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.J.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Pokorná
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.K.-B., Z.P., E.J., O.L.-P., M.Š.), Histology and Embryology (Y.M.), and Physiology (M.A.), Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (A.J., J.K., V.S., T.Š.), Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (H.B.P., P.Š.-K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.J.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Bavlovič Piskáčková
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.K.-B., Z.P., E.J., O.L.-P., M.Š.), Histology and Embryology (Y.M.), and Physiology (M.A.), Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (A.J., J.K., V.S., T.Š.), Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (H.B.P., P.Š.-K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.J.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eduard Jirkovský
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.K.-B., Z.P., E.J., O.L.-P., M.Š.), Histology and Embryology (Y.M.), and Physiology (M.A.), Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (A.J., J.K., V.S., T.Š.), Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (H.B.P., P.Š.-K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.J.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubeš
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.K.-B., Z.P., E.J., O.L.-P., M.Š.), Histology and Embryology (Y.M.), and Physiology (M.A.), Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (A.J., J.K., V.S., T.Š.), Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (H.B.P., P.Š.-K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.J.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Lenčová-Popelová
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.K.-B., Z.P., E.J., O.L.-P., M.Š.), Histology and Embryology (Y.M.), and Physiology (M.A.), Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (A.J., J.K., V.S., T.Š.), Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (H.B.P., P.Š.-K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.J.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Yvona Mazurová
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.K.-B., Z.P., E.J., O.L.-P., M.Š.), Histology and Embryology (Y.M.), and Physiology (M.A.), Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (A.J., J.K., V.S., T.Š.), Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (H.B.P., P.Š.-K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.J.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Adamcová
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.K.-B., Z.P., E.J., O.L.-P., M.Š.), Histology and Embryology (Y.M.), and Physiology (M.A.), Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (A.J., J.K., V.S., T.Š.), Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (H.B.P., P.Š.-K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.J.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Skalická
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.K.-B., Z.P., E.J., O.L.-P., M.Š.), Histology and Embryology (Y.M.), and Physiology (M.A.), Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (A.J., J.K., V.S., T.Š.), Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (H.B.P., P.Š.-K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.J.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Štěrbová-Kovaříková
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.K.-B., Z.P., E.J., O.L.-P., M.Š.), Histology and Embryology (Y.M.), and Physiology (M.A.), Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (A.J., J.K., V.S., T.Š.), Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (H.B.P., P.Š.-K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.J.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.K.-B., Z.P., E.J., O.L.-P., M.Š.), Histology and Embryology (Y.M.), and Physiology (M.A.), Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (A.J., J.K., V.S., T.Š.), Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (H.B.P., P.Š.-K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.J.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.K.-B., Z.P., E.J., O.L.-P., M.Š.), Histology and Embryology (Y.M.), and Physiology (M.A.), Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (A.J., J.K., V.S., T.Š.), Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (H.B.P., P.Š.-K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.J.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Štěrba
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.K.-B., Z.P., E.J., O.L.-P., M.Š.), Histology and Embryology (Y.M.), and Physiology (M.A.), Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (A.J., J.K., V.S., T.Š.), Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (H.B.P., P.Š.-K.), and Pharmacology and Toxicology (E.J.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Hrdina R, Geršl V, Klimtová I, Šimůnek T, Macháčková J, Adamcová M. Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Acta Med (Hradec Kralove, Czech Repub ) 2019. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2019.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Anthracycline antibiotics are among the most effective and widely used antineoplastic drugs. Their usefulness is limited by a cumulative dose-related cardiotoxicity, whose precise mechanisms are not clear as yet. The principal role is possibly exerted by free oxygen radicals generated by “redox-cycling“ of anthracycline molecule and/or by the formation of anthracycline-ferric ion complexes. The iron catalyzes the hydroxyl radical production via Haber-Weiss reaction. The selective toxicity of ANT against cardiomyocytes results from high accumulation of ANT in cardiac tissue, appreciable production of oxygen radicals by mitochondria and relatively poor antioxidant defense systems. Other additional mechanisms of the anthracycline cardiotoxicity have been proposed - calcium overload, histamine release and impairment in autonomic regulation of heart function. The currently used methods for an early identification of anthracycline cardiotoxicity comprise ECG measurement, biochemical markers, functional measurement and morphologic examination. Among a plenty of studied cardioprotective agents only dexrazoxane (ICRF-187) has been approved for clinical use. Its protective effect likely consists in intracellular chelating of iron. However, in high doses dexrazoxane itself may cause myelotoxicity. This fact encourages investigation of new cardioprotectants with lower toxicity. Orally active iron chelators and flavonoids attract more attention. Modification of dosage schedule and synthesis of new anthracycline analogues may represent alternative approaches to mitigate anthracycline cardiotoxicity while preserving antitumour activity.
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Adamcová M, Geršl V, Macháčková J, Hrdina R, Klimtová I, Šimůnek T, Vávrová J, Bukač J. Troponins in Experimental Studies. Acta Med (Hradec Kralove, Czech Repub ) 2019. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2019.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to compare the diagnostic performance of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in three groups of rabbits: 1) control (saline 1 ml/kg i.v.); 2) daunorubicin (3 mg/kg i.v.); 3) daunorubicin (3 mg/kg i.v.) + dexrazoxane (60 mg/kg i.p.). The drugs were given once a week, 10 administrations. The concentration of cTnT was measured using Elecsys Troponin T STAT Immunoassay (Roche). The concentration of cTnI was measured using AxSYM Troponin I (Abbott). The linear regression model was applied to see if there is a dependence between cTnT and cTnI. The coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.79) was acceptable only in the control group. In the remaining cases (i.e. in the daunorubicin group and in the daunorubicin + dexrazoxane treated group) R2 was too small (0.53, and 0.06). We may conclude that in rabbits after repeated administration of cardiotoxic or cardioprotective drugs meaningful dependence between cTnT and cTnI was not found. The choice of the most suitable cardiomarker in laboratory animals deserves further studies.
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Hrdina R, Geršl V, Klimtová I, Šimůnek T, Mazurová Y, Macháčková J, Adamcová M. Effect of Sodium 2,3-Dimercaptopropane-1-Sulphonate (DMPS) on Chronic Daunorubicin Toxicity in Rabbits: Comparison with Dexrazoxane. Acta Med (Hradec Kralove, Czech Repub ) 2019. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2019.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A possible protective action of DMPS (a dithiol chelating agent) against chronic daunorubicin toxicity in rabbits in comparison with dexrazoxane was investigated. The rabbits were divided into five groups: control (saline, 1 ml/kg i.v.), daunorubicin (3 mg/kg i.v.), DMPS (50 mg/kg i.v.); the remaining two groups were pre-treated either with dexrazoxane (60 mg/kg i.p.) or DMPS (50 mg/kg i.v.) 30 min before administration of daunorubicin (3 mg/kg i.v.). Drugs were given once a week for 10 weeks. Routine biochemical parameters were determined in weeks 1, 5 and 11. In the 11th week, invasive haemodynamic parameters were measured, then the rabbits underwent autopsy, cardiac tissue was examined by light microscopy and scored semiquantitatively. The contents of calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron and selenium were measured in the left heart ventricle. DMPS administered alone was well tolerated and did not cause any major signs of toxicity. It decreased the cardiac content of calcium, but did not affect the iron concentration. In contrast to dexrazoxane, DMPS pre-treatment did not prevent the decline in body weight in weeks 8–11 caused by daunorubicin, actually worsened mortality (26.7% vs 40.0%), did not ameliorate daunorubicin-induced nephrotic syndrome, and did not prevent the occurrence of the severe myocardial lesions. Unlike dexrazoxane, a lack of protective effect of DMPS against chronic daunorubicin toxicity in rabbits was demonstrated. The underlying cause may consist in the fact that DMPS does not efficiently chelate tissue iron and thus may not prevent the formation of oxygen free radicals.
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Adamcová M, Štěrba M, Klimtová I, Šimůnek T, Hrdina R, Geršl V, Poňka P. Cardiac Troponins Following Repeated Administration of an Iron Chelator – Salicylaldehyd Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone (SIH) – in Rabbits. Acta Med (Hradec Kralove, Czech Repub ) 2019. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2019.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Both cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) are considered to be reliable biomarkers with sufficient sensitivity and specificity for cardiac injury in the majority of laboratory animals. The aim of our study was to compare the diagnostic performance of cTnT and cTnI in three groups of rabbits: 1) control (saline 1 ml/kg i.v.); 2) Salicylaldehyd Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone – SIH (50 mg/kg, once weekly, i.p.; partially dissolved in 10 % Cremophor solution); 3) 10 % Cremophor solution in water (2 ml/kg i.v.). The drugs were given once a week, 10 administrations. The concentration of cTnT was measured using Elecsys Troponin T STAT Immunoassay (Roche). The concentration of cTnI was measured using AxSYM Troponin I (Abbott). The linear regression model was applied to see if there is a dependence between cTnT and cTnI. The coefficient of determination was not acceptable in all groups. The highest value of R2was found in the control group (R2= 0.424). We may conclude that in rabbits meaningful dependence between cTnT and cTnI was not found. According to our long-term experiences cTnT seems to be more suitable cardiomarker in rabbits in comparison with cTnI where the data are characterized by the large scatter.
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Klimtová I, Šimůnek T, Mazurová Y, Kaplanová J, Štěrba M, Hrdina R, Geršl V, Adamcová M, Poňka P. A Study of Potential Toxic Effects After Repeated 10-Week Administration of a New Iron Chelator – Salicylaldehyde Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone (SIH) to Rabbits. Acta Med (Hradec Kralove, Czech Repub ) 2019. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2019.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Salicylaldehyde Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone (SIH) – a Pyridoxal Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone (PIH) analogue – is an effective iron chelator with antioxidant and antimalarial effects, as documented in numerous in vitro studies. However, no toxicological data obtained from in vivo studies have been made available yet. In this study, the potential toxic effects of repeated administration of SIH (50 mg/kg, once weekly, 10 weeks, i.p.), partially dissolved in a 10 % Cremophor solution, on various biochemical, haematological, and cardiovascular parameters and on morphology of selected tissues were investigated in rabbits. The obtained values were compared with data from the control (saline, 1 ml/kg, i.v.) and the Cremophor (10 % Cremophor solution, 2 ml/kg, i.p.) groups. In this study, SIH did not induced marked signs of toxicity: No premature deaths occurred, the body weight increase was comparable with the control and Cremophor groups. Only few and mild changes in some biochemical and haematological parameters could be determined, most of them were noticed also in the control or Cremophor groups. The morphological changes in the kidney were mild and did not manifest in the biochemical examination. The cardiac function was also not affected markedly – the values of left ventricular ejection fraction and systolic time interval did not differ from the values of control group. Only an increased left ventricular contractility (dP/dtmax) was noticed in the SIH group at the end of the experiment as compared to the controls (13354±1191 vs. 9339±647 mmHg/s, resp.). These results seem to be promising from the standpoint of possible clinical use of SIH.
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Reimerová P, Jirkovská A, Piskáčková HB, Karabanovich G, Roh J, Šimůnek T, Štěrbová-Kovaříková P. UHPLC-MS/MS method for analysis of sobuzoxane, its active form ICRF-154 and metabolite EDTA-diamide and its application to bioactivation study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4524. [PMID: 30872754 PMCID: PMC6418109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sobuzoxane (MST-16) is an approved anticancer agent, a pro-drug of bisdioxopiperazine analog ICRF-154. Due to the structural similarity of ICRF-154 to dexrazoxane (ICRF-187), MST-16 deserves attention as a cardioprotective drug. This study presents for the first time UHPLC-MS/MS assay of MST-16, ICRF-154 and its metabolite (EDTA-diamide) in cell culture medium, buffer, plasma and cardiac cells and provides data on MST-16 bioactivation under conditions relevant to investigation of cardioprotection of this drug. The analysis of these compounds that differ considerably in their lipophilicity was achieved on the Zorbax SB-Aq column using a mixture of aqueous ammonium formate and methanol as a mobile phase. The biological samples were either diluted or precipitated with methanol, which was followed by acidification for the assay of MST-16. The method was validated for determination of all compounds in the biological materials. The application of the method for analysis of samples from in vitro experiments provided important findings, namely, that (1) MST-16 is quickly decomposed in biological environments, (2) the cardiac cells actively metabolize MST-16, and (3) MST-16 readily penetrates into the cardiac cells and is converted into ICRF-154 and EDTA-diamide. These data are useful for the in-depth examination of the cardioprotective potential of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Reimerová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Jirkovská
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Bavlovič Piskáčková
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Galina Karabanovich
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Štěrbová-Kovaříková
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Reimerová P, Stariat J, Bavlovič Piskáčková H, Jansová H, Roh J, Kalinowski DS, Macháček M, Šimůnek T, Richardson DR, Štěrbová-Kovaříková P. Novel SPME fibers based on a plastic support for determination of plasma protein binding of thiosemicarbazone metal chelators: a case example of DpC, an anti-cancer drug that entered clinical trials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:2383-2394. [PMID: 30820631 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01681-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is an alternative method to dialysis and ultrafiltration for the determination of plasma protein binding (PPB) of drugs. It is particularly advantageous for complicated analytes where standard methods are not applicable. Di-2-pyridylketone 4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (DpC) is a lead compound of novel thiosemicarbazone anti-cancer drugs, which entered clinical trials in 2016. However, this agent exhibited non-specific binding on filtration membranes and had intrinsic chelation activity, which precluded standard PPB methods. In this study, using a simple and fast procedure, we prepared novel SPME fibers for extraction of DpC based on a metal-free, silicon string support, covered with C18 sorbent. Reproducibility of the preparation process was demonstrated by the percent relative standard deviation (RSD) of ≤ 9.2% of the amount of DpC extracted from PBS by several independently prepared fibers. The SPME procedure was optimized by evaluating extraction and desorption time profiles. Suitability of the optimized protocol was verified by examining reproducibility, linearity, and recovery of DpC extracted from PBS or plasma. All samples extracted by SPME were analyzed using an optimized and validated UHPLC-MS/MS method. The developed procedure was applied to the in vitro determination of PPB of DpC at two clinically relevant concentrations (500 and 1000 ng/mL). These studies showed that DpC is highly bound to plasma proteins (PPB ≥ 88%) and this did not differ significantly between both concentrations tested. This investigation provides novel data in the applicability of SPME for the determination of PPB of chelators, as well as useful information for the clinical development of DpC. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Reimerová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Stariat
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Bavlovič Piskáčková
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Jansová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Danuta S Kalinowski
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Miloslav Macháček
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
| | - Petra Štěrbová-Kovaříková
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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15
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Macháček M, Carter KA, Kostelanský F, Miranda D, Seffouh A, Ortega J, Šimůnek T, Zimčík P, Lovell JF. Binding of an amphiphilic phthalocyanine to pre-formed liposomes confers light-triggered cargo release. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:7298-7305. [PMID: 30984399 PMCID: PMC6456075 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01602j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are able to load a range of cargos and have been used for drug delivery applications, including for stimuli-triggered drug release. Here, we describe an approach for imparting near infrared (NIR) light-triggered release to pre-formed liposomes, using a newly-synthesized cationic, amphiphilic phthalocyanine. When simply mixed in aqueous solution with cargo-loaded liposomes, the cationic amphiphilic phthalocyanine, but not a cationic hydrophilic azaphthalocyanine, spontaneously incorporates into the liposome bilayer. This enables subsequent release of loaded cargo (doxorubcin or basic orange) upon irradiation with NIR light. The rate of release could be altered by varying the amount of photosensitizer added to the liposomes. In the absence of NIR light exposure, stable cargo loading of the liposomes was maintained. Introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloslav Macháček
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kevin A Carter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Filip Kostelanský
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Dyego Miranda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Amal Seffouh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Joaquin Ortega
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Zimčík
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
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Jansová H, Kubeš J, Reimerová P, Štěrbová-Kovaříková P, Roh J, Šimůnek T. 2,6-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde Analogues of the Iron Chelator Salicylaldehyde Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone: Increased Hydrolytic Stability and Cytoprotective Activity against Oxidative Stress. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:1151-1163. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Jansová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubeš
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Reimerová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Štěrbová-Kovaříková
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Mladěnka P, Hrdina R, Hübl M, Šimůnek T. The Fate of Iron in The Organism and Its Regulatory Pathways. Acta Med (Hradec Kralove, Czech Repub ) 2018. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2018.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element involved in many life-necessary processes. Interestingly, in mammals there is no active excretion mechanism for iron. Therefore iron kinetics has to be meticulously regulated. The most important step for regulation of iron kinetics is absorption. The absorption takes place in small intestine and it is implicated that it requires several proteins. Iron is then released from enterocytes into the circulation and delivered to the cells. Iron movement inside the cell is only partially elucidated and its traffic to mitochondia is not known. Surprisingly, the regulation of various proteins related to iron kinetics and energy metabolism at the molecular level is better described. On contrary, the complex control of iron absorption cannot be fully explicated with present knowledge.
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18
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Hrušková K, Potůčková E, Opálka L, Hergeselová T, Hašková P, Kovaříková P, Šimůnek T, Vávrová K. Structure-Activity Relationships of Nitro-Substituted Aroylhydrazone Iron Chelators with Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:435-446. [PMID: 29766723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Aroylhydrazone iron chelators such as salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (SIH) protect various cells against oxidative injury and display antineoplastic activities. Previous studies have shown that a nitro-substituted hydrazone, namely, NHAPI, displayed markedly improved plasma stability, selective antitumor activity, and moderate antioxidant properties. In this study, we prepared four series of novel NHAPI derivatives and explored their iron chelation activities, anti- or pro-oxidant effects, protection against model oxidative injury in the H9c2 cell line derived from rat embryonic cardiac myoblasts, cytotoxicities to the corresponding noncancerous H9c2 cells, and antiproliferative activities against the MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma and HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell lines. Nitro substitution had both negative and positive effects on the examined properties, and we identified new structure-activity relationships. Naphthyl and biphenyl derivatives showed selective antiproliferative action, particularly in the breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cell line, where they exceeded the selectivity of the parent compound NHAPI. Of particular interest is a compound prepared from 2-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-nitroacetophenone and biphenyl-4-carbohydrazide, which protected cardiomyoblasts against oxidative injury at 1.8 ± 1.2 μM with 24-fold higher selectivity than SIH. These compounds will serve as leads for further structural optimization and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Hrušková
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové , Charles University , Akademika Heyrovského 1203 , 500 05 Hradec Králové , Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Potůčková
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové , Charles University , Akademika Heyrovského 1203 , 500 05 Hradec Králové , Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Opálka
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové , Charles University , Akademika Heyrovského 1203 , 500 05 Hradec Králové , Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Hergeselová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové , Charles University , Akademika Heyrovského 1203 , 500 05 Hradec Králové , Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Hašková
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové , Charles University , Akademika Heyrovského 1203 , 500 05 Hradec Králové , Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kovaříková
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové , Charles University , Akademika Heyrovského 1203 , 500 05 Hradec Králové , Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové , Charles University , Akademika Heyrovského 1203 , 500 05 Hradec Králové , Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové , Charles University , Akademika Heyrovského 1203 , 500 05 Hradec Králové , Czech Republic
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Jirkovský E, Jirkovská A, Bureš J, Chládek J, Lenčová O, Stariat J, Pokorná Z, Karabanovich G, Roh J, Brázdová P, Šimůnek T, Kovaříková P, Štěrba M. Pharmacokinetics of the Cardioprotective Drug Dexrazoxane and Its Active Metabolite ADR-925 with Focus on Cardiomyocytes and the Heart. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 364:433-446. [PMID: 29273587 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.244848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexrazoxane (DEX), the only cardioprotectant approved against anthracycline cardiotoxicity, has been traditionally deemed to be a prodrug of the iron-chelating metabolite ADR-925. However, pharmacokinetic profile of both agents, particularly with respect to the cells and tissues essential for its action (cardiomyocytes/myocardium), remains poorly understood. The aim of this study is to characterize the conversion and disposition of DEX to ADR-925 in vitro (primary cardiomyocytes) and in vivo (rabbits) under conditions where DEX is clearly cardioprotective against anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Our results show that DEX is hydrolyzed to ADR-925 in cell media independently of the presence of cardiomyocytes or their lysate. Furthermore, ADR-925 directly penetrates into the cells with contribution of active transport, and detectable concentrations occur earlier than after DEX incubation. In rabbits, ADR-925 was detected rapidly in plasma after DEX administration to form sustained concentrations thereafter. ADR-925 was not markedly retained in the myocardium, and its relative exposure was 5.7-fold lower than for DEX. Unlike liver tissue, myocardium homogenates did not accelerate the conversion of DEX to ADR-925 in vitro, suggesting that myocardial concentrations in vivo may originate from its distribution from the central compartment. The pharmacokinetic parameters for both DEX and ADR-925 were determined by both noncompartmental analyses and population pharmacokinetics (including joint parent-metabolite model). Importantly, all determined parameters were closer to human than to rodent data. The present results open venues for the direct assessment of the cardioprotective effects of ADR-925 in vitro and in vivo to establish whether DEX is a drug or prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Jirkovský
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., J.C., O.L., Z.P., P.B., M.Š.), and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (E.J., A.J., T.Š.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (J.B., J.S., P.K.), and Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Jirkovská
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., J.C., O.L., Z.P., P.B., M.Š.), and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (E.J., A.J., T.Š.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (J.B., J.S., P.K.), and Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bureš
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., J.C., O.L., Z.P., P.B., M.Š.), and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (E.J., A.J., T.Š.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (J.B., J.S., P.K.), and Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Chládek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., J.C., O.L., Z.P., P.B., M.Š.), and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (E.J., A.J., T.Š.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (J.B., J.S., P.K.), and Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Lenčová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., J.C., O.L., Z.P., P.B., M.Š.), and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (E.J., A.J., T.Š.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (J.B., J.S., P.K.), and Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Stariat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., J.C., O.L., Z.P., P.B., M.Š.), and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (E.J., A.J., T.Š.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (J.B., J.S., P.K.), and Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Pokorná
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., J.C., O.L., Z.P., P.B., M.Š.), and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (E.J., A.J., T.Š.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (J.B., J.S., P.K.), and Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Galina Karabanovich
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., J.C., O.L., Z.P., P.B., M.Š.), and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (E.J., A.J., T.Š.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (J.B., J.S., P.K.), and Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., J.C., O.L., Z.P., P.B., M.Š.), and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (E.J., A.J., T.Š.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (J.B., J.S., P.K.), and Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Brázdová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., J.C., O.L., Z.P., P.B., M.Š.), and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (E.J., A.J., T.Š.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (J.B., J.S., P.K.), and Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., J.C., O.L., Z.P., P.B., M.Š.), and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (E.J., A.J., T.Š.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (J.B., J.S., P.K.), and Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kovaříková
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., J.C., O.L., Z.P., P.B., M.Š.), and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (E.J., A.J., T.Š.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (J.B., J.S., P.K.), and Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Štěrba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., J.C., O.L., Z.P., P.B., M.Š.), and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (E.J., A.J., T.Š.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (J.B., J.S., P.K.), and Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Hašková P, Jansová H, Bureš J, Macháček M, Jirkovská A, Franz KJ, Kovaříková P, Šimůnek T. Cardioprotective effects of iron chelator HAPI and ROS-activated boronate prochelator BHAPI against catecholamine-induced oxidative cellular injury. Toxicology 2016; 371:17-28. [PMID: 27744045 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Catecholamines may undergo iron-promoted oxidation resulting in formation of reactive intermediates (aminochromes) capable of redox cycling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Both of them induce oxidative stress resulting in cellular damage and death. Iron chelation has been recently shown as a suitable tool of cardioprotection with considerable potential to protect cardiac cells against catecholamine-induced cardiotoxicity. However, prolonged exposure of cells to classical chelators may interfere with physiological iron homeostasis. Prochelators represent a more advanced approach to decrease oxidative injury by forming a chelating agent only under the disease-specific conditions associated with oxidative stress. Novel prochelator (lacking any iron chelating properties) BHAPI [(E)-Ń-(1-(2-((4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,2,3-dioxoborolan-2-yl)benzyl)oxy)phenyl)ethylidene) isonicotinohydrazide] is converted by ROS to active chelator HAPI with strong iron binding capacity that efficiently inhibits iron-catalyzed hydroxyl radical generation. Our results confirmed redox activity of oxidation products of catecholamines isoprenaline and epinephrine, that were able to activate BHAPI to HAPI that chelates iron ions inside H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Both HAPI and BHAPI were able to efficiently protect the cells against intracellular ROS formation, depletion of reduced glutathione and toxicity induced by catecholamines and their oxidation products. Hence, both HAPI and BHAPI have shown considerable potential to protect cardiac cells by both inhibition of deleterious catecholamine oxidation to reactive intermediates and prevention of ROS-mediated cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlína Hašková
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Hana Jansová
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Jan Bureš
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Miloslav Macháček
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Anna Jirkovská
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Katherine J Franz
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, 124 Science Dr., Durham, NC, 22708, USA
| | - Petra Kovaříková
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czechia.
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Roh J, Karabanovich G, Novakova V, Šimůnek T, Vávrová K. Large-Scale Synthesis of Piperazine-2,6-dione and Its Use in the Synthesis of Dexrazoxane Analogues. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1562618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jansová H, Bureš J, Macháček M, Hašková P, Jirkovská A, Roh J, Wang Q, Franz KJ, Kovaříková P, Šimůnek T. Characterization of cytoprotective and toxic properties of iron chelator SIH, prochelator BSIH and their degradation products. Toxicology 2016; 350-352:15-24. [PMID: 27046792 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Free cellular iron catalyzes the formation of toxic hydroxyl radicals and therefore chelation of iron could be a promising therapeutic approach in pathological states associated with oxidative stress. Salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (SIH) is a strong intracellular iron chelator with well documented potential to protect against oxidative damage both in vitro and in vivo. Due to the short biological half-life of SIH and risk of toxicity due to iron depletion, boronate prochelator BSIH has been designed. BSIH cannot bind iron until it is activated by certain reactive oxygen species to active chelator SIH. The aim of this study was to examine the toxicity and cytoprotective potential of BSIH, SIH, and their decomposition products against hydrogen peroxide-induced injury of H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. Using HPLC, we observed that salicylaldehyde was the main decomposition products of SIH and BSIH, although a small amount of salicylic acid was also detected. In the case of BSIH, the concentration of formed salicylaldehyde consistently exceeded that of SIH. Isoniazid and salicylic acid were not toxic nor did they provide any antioxidant protective effect in H9c2 cells. In contrast, salicylaldehyde was able to chelate intracellular iron and significantly preserve cellular viability and mitochondrial inner membrane potential induced by hydrogen peroxide. However it was consistently less effective than SIH. The inherent toxicities of salicylaldehyde and SIH were similar. Hence, although SIH - the active chelating agent formed following the BSIH activation - undergoes rapid hydrolysis, its principal decomposition product salicylaldehyde accounts markedly for both cytoprotective and toxic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Jansová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bureš
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Macháček
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Hašková
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Jirkovská
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 22708, USA
| | | | - Petra Kovaříková
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Filipský T, Říha M, Hašková P, Pilařová V, Nováková L, Semecký V, Vávrová J, Holečková M, Palicka V, Šimůnek T, Hrdina R, Mladěnka P. Intravenous rutin in rat exacerbates isoprenaline-induced cardiotoxicity likely due to intracellular oxidative stress. Redox Rep 2016; 22:78-90. [PMID: 27077454 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2016.1159817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rutin, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, a natural flavonol glycoside, has shown various in vitro benefits with potential use treating human diseases, especially cardiovascular system disorders. Antioxidant properties are assumed to underlie the majority of these benefits. Yet rutin pro-oxidant properties have been reported as well. Our research group has recently shown aggravating effects on isoprenaline (ISO)-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar:Han rats after 24 hours. METHODS This study was designed to examine in more detail the reasons for the negative effects of rutin (11.5 and 46 mg/kg, i.v.) after administration of ISO (100 mg/kg, s.c.) in rats within 2 hours of continuous experiment and in the H9c2 cardiomyoblast-derived cell line. RESULTS Like our previous findings, rutin did not (11.5 or 46 mg/kg, i.v.) reduce the ISO-induced mortality within 2 hours although the lower dose significantly reduced cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and partly improved the histological findings. In contrast, the higher dose increased the mortality in comparison with solvent (1.26% w/v sodium bicarbonate). This was not caused by any specific haemodynamic disturbances. It appears to be associated with oxidative stress as rutin enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species formation in vitro and had the tendency to increase it in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Rutin, likely due to its pro-oxidative effects, can exacerbate catecholamine cardiotoxicity depending on the dose used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Filipský
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové , Charles University in Prague , Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Czech Republic
| | - Michal Říha
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové , Charles University in Prague , Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Hašková
- b Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové , Charles University in Prague , Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Pilařová
- c Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové , Charles University in Prague , Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nováková
- c Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové , Charles University in Prague , Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Semecký
- d Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové , Charles University in Prague , Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Vávrová
- e Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové , Charles University in Prague , Šimkova 870, 500 38 Czech Republic.,f University Hospital Hradec Králové , Sokolská 581, 500 05 Czech Republic
| | - Magdaléna Holečková
- e Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové , Charles University in Prague , Šimkova 870, 500 38 Czech Republic.,f University Hospital Hradec Králové , Sokolská 581, 500 05 Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Palicka
- e Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové , Charles University in Prague , Šimkova 870, 500 38 Czech Republic.,f University Hospital Hradec Králové , Sokolská 581, 500 05 Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- b Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové , Charles University in Prague , Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Czech Republic
| | - Radomír Hrdina
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové , Charles University in Prague , Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové , Charles University in Prague , Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Czech Republic
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Lenčo J, Lenčová-Popelová O, Link M, Jirkovská A, Tambor V, Potůčková E, Stulík J, Šimůnek T, Štěrba M. Proteomic investigation of embryonic rat heart-derived H9c2 cell line sheds new light on the molecular phenotype of the popular cell model. Exp Cell Res 2015; 339:174-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Potůčková E, Roh J, Macháček M, Sahni S, Stariat J, Šesták V, Jansová H, Hašková P, Jirkovská A, Vávrová K, Kovaříková P, Kalinowski DS, Richardson DR, Šimůnek T. In Vitro Characterization of the Pharmacological Properties of the Anti-Cancer Chelator, Bp4eT, and Its Phase I Metabolites. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139929. [PMID: 26460540 PMCID: PMC4604124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have a high iron requirement and many experimental studies, as well as clinical trials, have demonstrated that iron chelators are potential anti-cancer agents. The ligand, 2-benzoylpyridine 4-ethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Bp4eT), demonstrates both potent anti-neoplastic and anti-retroviral properties. In this study, Bp4eT and its recently identified amidrazone and semicarbazone metabolites were examined and compared with respect to their anti-proliferative activity towards cancer cells (HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia, MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma, HCT116 human colon carcinoma and A549 human lung adenocarcinoma), non-cancerous cells (H9c2 neonatal rat-derived cardiomyoblasts and 3T3 mouse embryo fibroblasts) and their interaction with intracellular iron pools. Bp4eT was demonstrated to be a highly potent and selective anti-neoplastic agent that induces S phase cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Both semicarbazone and amidrazone metabolites showed at least a 300-fold decrease in cytotoxic activity than Bp4eT towards both cancer and normal cell lines. The metabolites also lost the ability to: (1) promote the redox cycling of iron; (2) bind and mobilize iron from labile intracellular pools; and (3) prevent 59Fe uptake from 59Fe-labeled transferrin by MCF-7 cells. Hence, this study demonstrates that the highly active ligand, Bp4eT, is metabolized to non-toxic and pharmacologically inactive analogs, which most likely contribute to its favorable pharmacological profile. These findings are important for the further development of this drug candidate and contribute to the understanding of the structure-activity relationships of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Potůčková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Macháček
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Sumit Sahni
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Bosch Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ján Stariat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Šesták
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Jansová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Hašková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Jirkovská
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kovaříková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Danuta S. Kalinowski
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Bosch Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Des R. Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Bosch Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail: (TS); (DRR)
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (TS); (DRR)
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Jirkovská-Vávrová A, Roh J, Lenčová-Popelová O, Jirkovský E, Hrušková K, Potůčková-Macková E, Jansová H, Hašková P, Martinková P, Eisner T, Kratochvíl M, Šůs J, Macháček M, Vostatková-Tichotová L, Geršl V, Kalinowski DS, Muller MT, Richardson DR, Vávrová K, Štěrba M, Šimůnek T. Synthesis and analysis of novel analogues of dexrazoxane and its open-ring hydrolysis product for protection against anthracycline cardiotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00048c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerase II beta, rather than (or along with) iron chelation, may be a promising target for cardioprotection.
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Bureš J, Jansová H, Stariat J, Filipský T, Mladěnka P, Šimůnek T, Kučera R, Klimeš J, Wang Q, Franz KJ, Kovaříková P. LC-UV/MS methods for the analysis of prochelator-boronyl salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (BSIH) and its active chelator salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (SIH). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 105:55-63. [PMID: 25527982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (SIH) is an intracellular iron chelator with well documented potential to protect against oxidative injury both in vitro and in vivo. However, it suffers from short biological half-life caused by fast hydrolysis of the hydrazone bond. Recently, a concept of boronate prochelators has been introduced as a strategy that might overcome these limitations. This study presents two complementary analytical methods for detecting the prochelator-boronyl salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone-BSIH along with its active metal-binding chelator SIH in different solution matrices and concentration ranges. An LC-UV method for determination of BSIH and SIH in buffer and cell culture medium was validated over concentrations of 7-115 and 4-115 μM, respectively, and applied to BSIH activation experiments in vitro. An LC-MS assay was validated for quantification of BSIH and SIH in plasma over the concentration range of 0.06-23 and 0.24-23 μM, respectively, and applied to stability studies in plasma in vitro as well as analysis of plasma taken after i.v. administration of BSIH to rats. A Zorbax-RP bonus column and mobile phases containing either phosphate buffer with EDTA or ammonium formate and methanol/acetonitrile mixture provided suitable conditions for the LC-UV and LC-MS analysis, respectively. Samples were diluted or precipitated with methanol prior to analysis. These separative analytical techniques establish the first validated protocols to investigate BSIH activation by hydrogen peroxide in multiple matrices, directly compare the stabilities of the prochelator and its chelator in plasma, and provide the first basic pharmacokinetic data of this prochelator. Experiments reveal that BSIH is stable in all media tested and is partially converted to SIH by H2O2. The observed integrity of BSIH in plasma samples from the in vivo study suggests that the concept of prochelation might be a promising strategy for further development of aroylhydrazone cytoprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bureš
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Jansová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Stariat
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Filipský
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kučera
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Klimeš
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Qin Wang
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, Durham, NC 22708, USA
| | | | - Petra Kovaříková
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Serda M, Kalinowski DS, Rasko N, Potůčková E, Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz A, Musiol R, Małecki JG, Sajewicz M, Ratuszna A, Muchowicz A, Gołąb J, Šimůnek T, Richardson DR, Polanski J. Exploring the anti-cancer activity of novel thiosemicarbazones generated through the combination of retro-fragments: dissection of critical structure-activity relationships. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110291. [PMID: 25329549 PMCID: PMC4199632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) are an interesting class of ligands that show a diverse range of biological activity, including anti-fungal, anti-viral and anti-cancer effects. Our previous studies have demonstrated the potent in vivo anti-tumor activity of novel TSCs and their ability to overcome resistance to clinically used chemotherapeutics. In the current study, 35 novel TSCs of 6 different classes were designed using a combination of retro-fragments that appear in other TSCs. Additionally, di-substitution at the terminal N4 atom, which was previously identified to be critical for potent anti-cancer activity, was preserved through the incorporation of an N4-based piperazine or morpholine ring. The anti-proliferative activity of the novel TSCs were examined in a variety of cancer and normal cell-types. In particular, compounds 1d and 3c demonstrated the greatest promise as anti-cancer agents with potent and selective anti-proliferative activity. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that the chelators that utilized “soft” donor atoms, such as nitrogen and sulfur, resulted in potent anti-cancer activity. Indeed, the N,N,S donor atom set was crucial for the formation of redox active iron complexes that were able to mediate the oxidation of ascorbate. This further highlights the important role of reactive oxygen species generation in mediating potent anti-cancer activity. Significantly, this study identified the potent and selective anti-cancer activity of 1d and 3c that warrants further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Serda
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Silesia, Poland
| | - Danuta S. Kalinowski
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathalie Rasko
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eliška Potůčková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Silesia, Poland
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics and Silesian Interdisciplinary Centre for Education and Research, University of Silesia, Katowice, Silesia, Poland
| | - Robert Musiol
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Silesia, Poland
| | - Jan G. Małecki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Silesia, Poland
| | | | - Alicja Ratuszna
- A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics and Silesian Interdisciplinary Centre for Education and Research, University of Silesia, Katowice, Silesia, Poland
| | - Angelika Muchowicz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Mazovia, Poland
| | - Jakub Gołąb
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Mazovia, Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Mazovia, Poland
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Des R. Richardson
- Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail: (JP); (DRR)
| | - Jaroslaw Polanski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Katowice, Silesia, Poland
- * E-mail: (JP); (DRR)
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Stariat J, Suprunová V, Roh J, Šesták V, Eisner T, Filipský T, Mladěnka P, Nobilis M, Šimůnek T, Klimeš J, Kalinowski DS, Richardson DR, Kovaříková P. Simultaneous determination of the novel thiosemicarbazone anti-cancer agent, Bp4eT, and its main phase I metabolites in plasma: application to a pilot pharmacokinetic study in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:621-9. [PMID: 24254882 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Novel thiosemicarbazone metal chelators are extensively studied anti-cancer agents with marked and selective activity against a wide variety of cancer cells, as well as human tumor xenografts in mice. This study describes the first validated LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of 2-benzoylpyridine 4-ethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Bp4eT) and its main metabolites (E/Z isomers of the semicarbazone structure, M1-E and M1-Z, and the amidrazone metabolite, M2) in plasma. Separation was achieved using a C18 column with ammonium formate/acetonitrile mixture as the mobile phase. Plasma samples were treated using solid-phase extraction on 96-well plates. This method was validated over the concentration range of 0.18-2.80 μM for Bp4eT, 0.02-0.37 μM for both M1-E and M1-Z, and 0.10-1.60 μM for M2. This methodology was applied to the analysis of samples from in vivo experiments, allowing for the concentration-time profile to be simultaneously assessed for the parent drug and its metabolites. The current study addresses the lack of knowledge regarding the quantitative analysis of thiosemicarbazone anti-cancer drugs and their metabolites in plasma and provides the first pharmacokinetic data on a lead compound of this class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Stariat
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Jirkovský E, Lenčová-Popelová O, Hroch M, Adamcová M, Mazurová Y, Vávrová J, Mičuda S, Šimůnek T, Geršl V, Štěrba M. Early and delayed cardioprotective intervention with dexrazoxane each show different potential for prevention of chronic anthracycline cardiotoxicity in rabbits. Toxicology 2013; 311:191-204. [PMID: 23831762 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite incomplete understanding to its mechanism of action, dexrazoxane (DEX) is still the only clearly effective cardioprotectant against chronic anthracycline (ANT) cardiotoxicity. However, its clinical use is currently restricted to patients exceeding significant ANT cumulative dose (300mg/m(2)), although each ANT cycle may induce certain potentially irreversible myocardial damage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare early and delayed DEX intervention against chronic ANT cardiotoxicity and study the molecular events involved. The cardiotoxicity was induced in rabbits with daunorubicin (DAU; 3mg/kg/week for 10 weeks); DEX (60mg/kg) was administered either before the 1st or 7th DAU dose (i.e. after ≈300mg/m(2) cumulative dose). While both DEX administration schedules prevented DAU-induced premature deaths and severe congestive heart failure, only the early intervention completely prevented the left ventricular dysfunction, myocardial morphological changes and mitochondrial damage. Further molecular analyses did not support the assumption that DEX cardioprotection is based and directly proportional to protection from DAU-induced oxidative damage and/or deletions in mtDNA. Nevertheless, DAU induced significant up-regulation of heme oxygenase 1 pathway while heme synthesis was inversely regulated and both changes were schedule-of-administration preventable by DEX. Early and delayed DEX interventions also differed in ability to prevent DAU-induced down-regulation of expression of mitochondrial proteins encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial genome. Hence, the present functional, morphological as well as the molecular data highlights the enormous cardioprotective effects of DEX and provides novel insights into the molecular events involved. Furthermore, the data suggests that currently recommended delayed intervention may not be able to take advantage of the full cardioprotective potential of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Jirkovský
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Šimkova 870, Hradec Králové 500 38, Czech Republic
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31
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Štěrba M, Popelová O, Vávrová A, Jirkovský E, Kovaříková P, Geršl V, Šimůnek T. Oxidative stress, redox signaling, and metal chelation in anthracycline cardiotoxicity and pharmacological cardioprotection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:899-929. [PMID: 22794198 PMCID: PMC3557437 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin, or epirubicin) rank among the most effective anticancer drugs, but their clinical usefulness is hampered by the risk of cardiotoxicity. The most feared are the chronic forms of cardiotoxicity, characterized by irreversible cardiac damage and congestive heart failure. Although the pathogenesis of anthracycline cardiotoxicity seems to be complex, the pivotal role has been traditionally attributed to the iron-mediated formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In clinics, the bisdioxopiperazine agent dexrazoxane (ICRF-187) reduces the risk of anthracycline cardiotoxicity without a significant effect on response to chemotherapy. The prevailing concept describes dexrazoxane as a prodrug undergoing bioactivation to an iron-chelating agent ADR-925, which may inhibit anthracycline-induced ROS formation and oxidative damage to cardiomyocytes. RECENT ADVANCES A considerable body of evidence points to mitochondria as the key targets for anthracycline cardiotoxicity, and therefore it could be also crucial for effective cardioprotection. Numerous antioxidants and several iron chelators have been tested in vitro and in vivo with variable outcomes. None of these compounds have matched or even surpassed the effectiveness of dexrazoxane in chronic anthracycline cardiotoxicity settings, despite being stronger chelators and/or antioxidants. CRITICAL ISSUES The interpretation of many findings is complicated by the heterogeneity of experimental models and frequent employment of acute high-dose treatments with limited translatability to clinical practice. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Dexrazoxane may be the key to the enigma of anthracycline cardiotoxicity, and therefore it warrants further investigation, including the search for alternative/complementary modes of cardioprotective action beyond simple iron chelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Štěrba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Popelová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Vávrová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eduard Jirkovský
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kovaříková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Geršl
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Macková E, Hrušková K, Bendová P, Vávrová A, Jansová H, Hašková P, Kovaříková P, Vávrová K, Šimůnek T. Methyl and ethyl ketone analogs of salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone: Novel iron chelators with selective antiproliferative action. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 197:69-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Vávrová A, Šimůnek T. DNA topoisomerase IIβ: a player in regulation of gene expression and cell differentiation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:834-7. [PMID: 22465709 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerases II regulate conformational changes in DNA topology. They act on double-stranded DNA, catalyzing its relaxation, decatenation and unknotting. Vertebrate cells express two isoforms of topoisomerase II, which are similar in structure, but different in function and regulation. Whereas the alpha isoform is indispensable for proper cell replication, the functions of the beta isoform as well as reasons for its evolution in vertebrates were long unclear. Unlike topoisomerase II alpha, the beta isoform is predominantly expressed in quiescent cells and has been implicated mainly in the process of gene transcription. Recently, new discoveries point on the role of the topoisomerase II beta in regulation of cellular differentiation and tissue development. Furthermore, contemporary discoveries are raising possibilities for novel therapeutic approaches involving selective targeting of either topoisomerase II isoform in potentiating antitumor and/or reducing adverse effects of topoisomerase II poisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vávrová
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Štěrba M, Popelová O, Lenčo J, Fučíková A, Brčáková E, Mazurová Y, Jirkovský E, Šimůnek T, Adamcová M, Mičuda S, Stulík J, Geršl V. Proteomic insights into chronic anthracycline cardiotoxicity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 50:849-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mladĕnka P, Kalinowski DS, Hašková P, Bobrovová Z, Hrdina R, Šimůnek T, Nachtigal P, Semecký V, Vávrová J, Holečková M, Palicka V, Mazurová Y, Jansson PJ, Richardson DR. The Novel Iron Chelator, 2-Pyridylcarboxaldehyde 2-Thiophenecarboxyl Hydrazone, Reduces Catecholamine-Mediated Myocardial Toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 22:208-17. [DOI: 10.1021/tx800331j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pr̆emysl Mladĕnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic, and Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Bosch
| | - Danuta S. Kalinowski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic, and Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Bosch
| | - Pavlína Hašková
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic, and Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Bosch
| | - Zuzana Bobrovová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic, and Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Bosch
| | - Radomír Hrdina
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic, and Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Bosch
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic, and Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Bosch
| | - Petr Nachtigal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic, and Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Bosch
| | - Vladimír Semecký
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic, and Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Bosch
| | - Jaroslava Vávrová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic, and Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Bosch
| | - Magdaléna Holečková
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic, and Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Bosch
| | - Vladimir Palicka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic, and Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Bosch
| | - Yvona Mazurová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic, and Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Bosch
| | - Patric J. Jansson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic, and Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Bosch
| | - Des R. Richardson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Biological and Medical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic, and Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Bosch
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Adamcová M, Šimůnek T, Kaiserová H, Popelová O, Štěrba M, Potáčová A, Vávrová J, Maláková J, Geršl V. In vitro and in vivo examination of cardiac troponins as biochemical markers of drug-induced cardiotoxicity. Toxicology 2007; 237:218-228. [PMID: 17587482 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Revised: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and troponin I (cTnI) are becoming acknowledged as useful biochemical markers of drug-induced cardiotoxicity. In this study we examined the release kinetics of cTnT and cTnI using an in vitro model of isolated rat neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes (NVCM, 72h treatment with 0.1-3microM of daunorubicin) and compared it with data from a rabbit model of chronic anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy in vivo (3mg/kg of daunorubicin weekly, 10 weeks). In cell-culture media, the cTnI and cTnT concentrations were concentration- and time-dependently increasing in response to daunorubicin exposure and were negatively exponentially related to cardiomyocyte viability. With 3microM daunorubicin, the relative increase of AUC of cTnT and cTnI was 2.4- and 5.3-fold higher than the increase of LDH activity, respectively. In rabbits, the daunorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy was associated with progressive increase of both cTnT and cTnI. Although the correlation between cTnT and cTnI cumulative release (AUCs) was found (R=0.81; P<0.01) and both cardiac troponins corresponded well with the echocardiographically-assessed systolic dysfunction (R=0.83 and 0.81 for cTnT and cTnI, respectively; P<0.001), the first significant increase in cTnI levels was observed earlier (at a cumulative daunorubicin dose of 200mg/m(2)) than with cTnT (350mg/m(2)). In conclusion, our study has confirmed cTnT and cTnI as very sensitive and specific markers of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. The troponins can become not only the bridge between the clinical and experimental studies of drug-induced cardiotoxicity but also the linkage between the preclinical experiments in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Adamcová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Šimkova 870, 500 38 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Helena Kaiserová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Popelová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Šimkova 870, 500 38 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Štěrba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Šimkova 870, 500 38 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Potáčová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Šimkova 870, 500 38 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Vávrová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Maláková
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Geršl
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Šimkova 870, 500 38 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Potáčová A, Adamcová M, Čajnáková H, Hrbatová L, Sterba M, Popelová O, Šimůnek T, Ponka P, Gersl V. Evaluation of ECG time intervals in a rabbit model of anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy: a useful tool for assessment of cardioprotective agents. Physiol Res 2007; 56:251-254. [PMID: 17504005 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.931113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the ECG time intervals in the course of the development of chronic anthracycline cardiomyopathy in rabbits. Furthermore, this approach was employed to study the effects of a model cardioprotective drug (dexrazoxane) and two novel iron chelating compounds--salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (SIH) and pyridoxal 2-chlorobenzoyl hydrazone (o-108). Repeated daunorubicin administration induced a significant and progressive prolongation of the QRS complex commencing with the eighth week of administration. At the end of the study, we identified a significant correlation between QRS duration and the contractility index dP/dt(max) (r = -0.81; P<0.001) as well as with the plasma concentrations of cardiac troponin T (r = 0.78; P<0.001). In contrast, no alterations in ECG time intervals were revealed in the groups co-treated with either dexrazoxane or both novel cardioprotective drugs (SIH, o-108). Hence, in this study, the QRS duration is for the first time shown as a parameter suitable for the non-invasive evaluation of the anthracycline cardiotoxicity and cardioprotective effects of both well established and investigated drugs. Moreover, our results strongly suggest that novel iron chelators (SIH and o-108) merit further study as promising cardioprotective drugs against anthracycline cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Potáčová
- Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Adamcová M, Geršl V, Macháčková J, Hrdina R, Klimtová I, Šimůnek T. Troponins for predicting cardiotoxic or cardioprotective effects of new drugs. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2828(02)90738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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