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Yamamoto E, Usuku H, Sueta D, Suzuki S, Nakamura T, Matsui K, Matsushita K, Iwasaki T, Sakaino N, Sakanashi T, Hirayama K, Kurokawa H, Kikuta K, Yamamoto N, Sato K, Tokitsu T, Taguchi T, Shiosakai K, Sugimoto K, Tsujita K. Efficacy and Safety of Esaxerenone in Hypertensive Patients with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (ESES-LVH) Study: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Prospective, Interventional Study. Adv Ther 2024; 41:1284-1303. [PMID: 38310194 PMCID: PMC10879332 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-024-02780-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In contrast to the antihypertensive effect of esaxerenone, there is little evidence of its cardioprotective effect. We investigated the efficacy and safety of esaxerenone in patients with uncontrolled hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy taking a renin-angiotensin system inhibitor (RASi) or calcium-channel blocker (CCB). METHODS This was a multicenter, open-label, exploratory study with a 24-week treatment period. Esaxerenone was orally administered at an initial dose of 2.5 mg/day (maximum dose: 5 mg/day). The primary endpoints were the change in morning home systolic blood pressure (BP)/diastolic BP and change and percentage change in left ventricular mass index (LVMI) from baseline to end of treatment (EOT). Key secondary endpoints included change from baseline in bedtime home and office BP, achievement rate of target BP, and safety. RESULTS In total, 60 patients were enrolled. Morning home systolic/diastolic BP was significantly decreased from baseline to EOT in the total population (- 11.5/ - 4.7 mmHg, p < 0.001) and in both the RASi and CCB subcohorts (all p < 0.01). Significant reductions in bedtime home and office BP were shown in the total population and both subcohorts. LVMI was also significantly decreased from baseline to EOT in the total population (- 9.9 g/m2, - 8.5%, both p < 0.001) and both subcohorts (all p < 0.05). The incidences of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and drug-related TEAEs were 35.0% and 3.3%, respectively; most were mild or moderate. No new safety concerns were identified. CONCLUSION Esaxerenone showed favorable antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects and safety in hypertensive patients with cardiac hypertrophy. TRIAL REGISTRATION Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs071190043).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichiro Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Usuku
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sueta
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Taishi Nakamura
- Department of Medical Information Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Matsui
- Department of General Medicine and Primary Care, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kenichi Matsushita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Hirofumi Kurokawa
- Division of Cardiology, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Hitoyoshi Medical Center, Hitoyoshi, Japan
| | - Koichi Kikuta
- Division of Cardiology, Shinbeppu Hospital, Beppu, Japan
| | - Nobuyasu Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Nobeoka Hospital, Nobeoka, Japan
| | - Koji Sato
- Department of Cardiology, Kumamoto City Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takanori Tokitsu
- Division of Cardiology, Kumamoto Kenhoku Hospital, Tamana, Japan
| | - Takashi Taguchi
- Primary Medical Science Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kotaro Sugimoto
- Primary Medical Science Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tsujita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Sueta D, Yamamoto E, Hirata Y, Tokitsu T, Sakamoto K, Tsujita K, Kaikita K, Hokimoto S, Sakanashi T, Ogawa H. Novel vascular indices evaluated non-invasively in end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrsc.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kamogawa H, Hiraba H, Manabe K, Sakanashi T, Sekiguchi T, Inage T. Morphological analysis of cat masseteric motoneurons after intracellular staining with horseradish peroxidase. Brain Res 1998; 785:18-23. [PMID: 9526034 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(97)01372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into 58 masseteric motoneurons identified by antidromic activation was performed in cats under pentobarbital anesthesia. Monosynaptic EPSPs were evoked by masseteric nerve stimuli in 52 cells, and were absent in the remaining six cells. The antidromic nature of the evoked spikes was confirmed by IS-SD separation observed at high frequency (50 Hz) stimulation. Motoneurons with monosynaptic excitation from masseter afferents showed IPSPs following stimulation of lingual and inferior alveolar nerves. Motoneurons which did not show monosynaptic excitation from masseter afferents showed no IPSPs from the above nerves. There were no differences in cell size or the number of stem dendrites between motoneurons with and without monosynaptic EPSPs. No recurrent collaterals were observed in any motor axons. Motoneurons with monosynaptic EPSPs were located at all rostrocaudal levels throughout the trigeminal motor nucleus, whereas motoneurons without such EPSPs were encountered only at the middle level. Dendrites of motoneurons with monosynaptic EPSPs did not extend into the medial portion of the nucleus where motoneurons innervating the anterior belly of the digastric muscle were located. In contrast, motoneurons without monosynaptic EPSPs had dendrite branches extending well into the medial part. The results show that there are two subpopulations of masseteric motoneurons that differ in peripheral inputs as well as dendritic morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kamogawa
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Kanda-surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
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Sasaki T, Yamada H, Matsui H, Dohi Y, Hirakawa Y, Sakanashi T, Yonemasu K. Effects of transfer of hybridomas producing various isotypes of immunoglobulins on the C1q metabolism in mice. J Biochem 1996; 120:306-12. [PMID: 8889815 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a021414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to elucidate possible effects of immunoglobulin on C1q metabolism at the anabolic steps, serum C1q levels and C1q mRNA of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) and spleen cells were measured in female BALB/c mice implanted intraperitoneally with complement-(C)-fixing IgG2b- or non-C-fixing class IgG3-producing hybridomas and/or with immunoglobulin-non-productive myeloma cells (p3x63-Ag.8.653)(myeloma 653)(2 x 10(6)/0.2 ml) or without any treatment as controls. In the IgG2b-hybridoma-treated mice, the serum C1q levels and C1q mRNA in PEC increased conspicuously as compared with those in the controls, but C1q mRNA in spleen cells was almost equal to that in the control mice. On the other hand, in the IgG3-hybridoma-treated mice, the serum C1q levels decreased significantly, but the extent of such decrease and the level of C1q mRNA in their PEC were almost equivalent to those in the myeloma 653-implanted mice. The serum C1q levels and C1q mRNA in PEC fluctuated similarly in mice injected intraperitoneally with highly purified IgG2b and/or IgG3 preparations. These results suggest some anabolic interaction, as well as catabolic interaction, between the C-fixing class of immunoglobulin and C1q.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sasaki
- Department of Bacteriology, Nara Medical University
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Adachi K, Fujiura Y, Mayumi F, Nozuhara A, Sugiu Y, Sakanashi T, Hidaka T, Toshima H. A deletion of mitochondrial DNA in murine doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993; 195:945-51. [PMID: 8373427 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1993.2135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A deletion of about 4 kb has been determined in the mutated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in cardiomyocytes with chronic doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity in mouse. The incidence of the mtDNA deletion increased with the dosage and with the duration of the DOX administration. Coenzyme Q10 administration prevented the mtDNA deletion and decreased the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance content in the heart mitochondria, suggesting some free radical involvement in this mtDNA deletion. This mtDNA deletion may be involved in cardiomyopathy, which is known to be dosage-dependently induced by DOX administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Adachi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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Sakanashi T, Nozuhara A, Sako S, Adachi K, Koga Y, Toshima H. [Free radical production has an important role in disturbance in myocardial functions in cardiomyopathy hamsters--vitamin E improves myocardial damage and survival]. Jpn Circ J 1993; 56 Suppl 5:1285-7. [PMID: 1291709 DOI: 10.1253/jcj.56.supplementv_1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Sakanashi
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University, School of Medicine
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Sakanashi T, Sako S, Nozuhara A, Adachi K, Okamoto T, Koga Y, Toshima H. Vitamin E deficiency has a pathological role in myocytolysis in cardiomyopathic Syrian hamster (BIO14.6). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991; 181:145-50. [PMID: 1958182 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(05)81393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study revealed the occurrence of vitamin E deficiency in the myocardium of 60-day-old Syrian cardiomyopathic hamsters (BIO14.6), and that this deficiency might be related to the increase in lipid peroxide. Vitamin E administration for ten days effectively restored creatininekinase activity and decreased the lipid peroxide content in the myocardium, returning these to normal control levels (F1b). These results indicate that vitamin E deficiency, possibly combined with oxidative stress in the early cardiomyopathic stage plays an important role in initiating the pathogenesis of myocardial lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sakanashi
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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Yamamoto K, Adachi K, Sakanashi T, Nozuhara A, Mayumi F, Sako S, Fujiura Y, Okamoto T, Tanaka H, Toshima H. [Quantitative analysis of myocardial fibrosis in myocardial biopsies--a comparison between computer analysis and point counting method]. Kokyu To Junkan 1991; 39:691-6. [PMID: 1896663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To select an appropriate method to analyze quantitatively myocardial fibrosis in myocardial biopsies, two methods, the computer analysis and the point-counting method observed at magnifications of x200 and x400, were compared. Our targeted points of examination were the accuracy and reproducibility of these methods. Twenty patients (10 with dilated cardiomyopathy and 10 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) were randomly selected, and the percent area of myocardial fibrosis in myocardial biopsies obtained from the right ventricular septum was measured by both the computer analysis and the point-counting method. Two observers measured the same area twice on the different days, independently. In the area of analysis, the endocardium was excluded to avoid the observer's bias. By comparing the data obtained from two observers, it was shown that the point-counting method tended to give a larger mean value and standard deviation than the computer analysis method, but that the latter indicated better reproducibility than the former. Our result showed that the degree of myocardial fibrosis varied according to methods of analysis and observer's experiences. It is recommended that the comparison of myocardial fibrosis should be made only when the methods of analysis of fibrosis are identical.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamamoto
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kurume University School of Medicine
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Suematsu T, Hidaka T, Sakanashi T, Sugiyama M, Ogura R. Effect of UV-B irradiation on release of arachidonic acid from B-16 melanoma cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1989; 35:153-6. [PMID: 2710798 DOI: 10.1016/0952-3278(89)90117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
B-16 melanoma cells in culture were prelabeled with (3H)-arachidonate, and exposed to UV radiation. Immediately after irradiation the cells released labeled materials. This UV-stimulated release was inhibited by mepacrine (20 microM) and calmodulin inhibitor W7 (0.5 microM). To determine the influence of extracellular Ca2+ on the UV-stimulated release, experiments were made with media containing various concentrations of Ca2+. The release decreased significantly at lower Ca2+ concentrations. These results suggest that Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent phospholipase A2 was involved in UV-stimulated release of radiolabeled materials, possibly arachidonic acid and its metabolites, from the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Suematsu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
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Ogura R, Sugiyama M, Sakanashi T, Suematsu T, Hidaka T, Morikawa F, Kon Y. Membrane responses of B-16 melanoma cells to single exposure to ultraviolet light. Arch Dermatol Res 1989; 280:481-6. [PMID: 2537609 DOI: 10.1007/bf00427661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Electron spin resonance spectroscopy using the spin probe (5-, 12- and 16-deoxylstearic acid) was employed to analyze the changes in membrane fluidity in B-16 melanoma cells following UV-B exposure. The UV exposure resulted in the immediate accumulation of lipid peroxide, being accompanied by a change in membrane fluidity. The 12-DSA is the most sensitive to the changes in membrane organization caused by UV light. Na+,K+-ATPase activity was regulated by a change in membrane fluidity. Following UV exposure, the release of the prelabeled arachidonic acid from the cells was observed immediately. Ca2+-dependent calmodulin-dependent phospholipase A2-like activity was involved in the UV-stimulated arachidonic acid release from phospholipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ogura
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
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Ogura R, Sugiyama M, Sakanashi T, Ninomiya T. ESR spin-labeling method of determining membrane fluidity in biological materials--tissue culture cells, cardiac mitochondria, erythrocytes and epidermal cells. Kurume Med J 1988; 35:171-82. [PMID: 2855087 DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.35.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Sakanashi T, Sugiyama M, Suematsu T, Nakagawa T, Hidaka T, Ogura R. UV exposure alters the membrane lipid composition and cell membrane fluidity of intact cultured B-16 melanoma cells. Kurume Med J 1988; 35:159-69. [PMID: 2855086 DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.35.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Ogura R, Sakanashi T, Nagata O, Sugiyama M, Kajiyama K, Nakagawa T, Shin G, Hidaka T. Assay for lipid peroxide content in mitochondria by the thiobarbituric acid reaction. Kurume Med J 1987; 34:53-8. [PMID: 3669587 DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.34.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
Cow snout epidermal cells digested by 0.25% trypsin were separated into three regions of keratinocytes by Percoll density gradient centrifugation. The membrane fluidity of keratinocytes in each region was measured by electron spin resonance using 5-doxyl stearic acid (5-DSA) as a labeling agent. The order parameter(s) showed higher values as the depth of the epidermis decreased: lower region of epidermis, 0.632; upper region, 0.645; and horny cells, 0.680. These data indicated that membrane fluidity of epidermal cells decreased as cells approached the surface.
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Sugiyama M, Sakanashi T, Okamoto K, Chinami M, Hidaka T, Ogura R. Membrane fluidity in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells treated with adriamycin. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 1986; 8:217-21. [PMID: 3741633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The incubation of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells with adriamycin resulted in an increase in lipid peroxide content and a decrease in membrane fluidity as measured by electron spin resonance using the paramagnetic probe 5-doxylstearic acid. Coincidently, the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into tumor cells was progressively inhibited as the concentration of adriamycin was increased. The results indicate that adriamycin induces changes in the plasma membrane of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells after exposure to a low, but cytotoxic, level of this agent.
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Sakanashi T, Sugiyama M, Suematsu T, Hidaka T, Ogura R. Delayed alteration of membrane fluidity in intact cultured B-16 melanoma cells affected by ultraviolet irradiation. Biochem Int 1986; 12:341-6. [PMID: 3008753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation in the plasma membrane has been reported to decrease membrane fluidity. We examined membrane fluidity in relation to lipid peroxidation processes after UV-B exposure of cultured B-16 melanoma cells. UV exposure promptly increased TBA-positive material(s), but alteration of membrane fluidity was delayed. Plasma membrane fluidity increased significantly 6 hours after exposure when the TBA-value(s) had become under the control level. To examine the direct effect of lipid peroxides on the fluidity, tert-butyl hydroperoxide was added to B-16 melanoma cells. Similar results were obtained with respect to membrane fluidity. These results suggest that lipid peroxidation at UV doses maintaining cell viability does not directly induce a significant alteration of membrane fluidity, but may influence the fluidity either during metabolizing processes of UV-induced lipid peroxides or during repair processes following oxidative cell membrane damage.
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Sakanashi T, Sugiyama M, Suematsu T, Ogura R, Morikawa F. Effects of ultraviolet irradiation on cultured B-16 melanoma cells--membrane fluidity, lipid composition and phospholipase activity. Kurume Med J 1986; 33:61-8. [PMID: 3821049 DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.33.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Chinami M, Sakanashi T, Ogura R, Kakisako S, Shingu M. Change of membrane fluidity in HeLa cells at an early stage of a poliovirus infection. Kurume Med J 1985; 32:157-61. [PMID: 3012193 DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.32.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Teraoka A, Egashira T, Sakanashi T, Utimura K, Harada M. [Glue-sniffing in adolescents (author's transl)]. Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi 1974; 76:593-640. [PMID: 4479992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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