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Janusz N, Dewidar O, Dowling S, Wang H, Buchbinder R, Conde M, Ghogomu ET, Maxwell L, Tugwell P, Howe T, Welch V. How Is Health Equity Assessed in Cochrane Musculoskeletal Reviews? J Rheumatol 2022; 49:1379-1384. [PMID: 35970529 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.220169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the extent to which Cochrane Musculoskeletal systematic reviews assess and analyze health equity considerations. METHODS We included Cochrane Musculoskeletal systematic reviews that included trials with participants aged ≥ 50 years and that were published from 2015 to 2020. We assessed the extent to which reviews considered health equity in the description of the population in the PICO (Patient/Population - Intervention - Comparison/Comparator - Outcome) framework, data analysis (planned and conducted), description of participant characteristics, summary of findings, and applicability of results using the PROGRESS-Plus framework. The PROGRESS acronym stands for place of residence (rural or urban), race/ethnicity/culture/language, occupation, gender/sex, religion, education, socioeconomic status, and social capital, and Plus represents age, disability, relationship features, time-dependent relationships, comorbidities, and health literacy. RESULTS In total, 52 systematic reviews met our inclusion criteria. At least 1 element of PROGRESS-Plus was considered in 90% (47/52) of the reviews regarding the description of participants and in 85% (44/52) of reviews regarding question formulation. For participant description, the most reported factors were age (47/52, 90%) and sex (45/52, 87%). In total, 8 (15%) reviews planned to analyze outcomes by sex, age, and comorbidities. Only 1 had sufficient data to carry this out. In total, 19 (37%) reviews discussed the applicability of the results to 1 or more PROGRESS-Plus factor, most frequently across sex (12/52, 23%) and age (9/52, 17%). CONCLUSION Sex and age were the most reported PROGRESS-Plus factors in any sections of the Cochrane Musculoskeletal reviews. We suggest a template for reporting participant characteristics that authors of reviews believe may influence outcomes. This could help patients and practitioners make judgments about applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Janusz
- N. Janusz, BSc, P. Tugwell, MD, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Omar Dewidar
- O. Dewidar, MSc, S. Dowling, BSc, E.T. Ghogomu, MSc, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sierra Dowling
- O. Dewidar, MSc, S. Dowling, BSc, E.T. Ghogomu, MSc, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harry Wang
- H. Wang, BSc, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachelle Buchbinder
- R. Buchbinder, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and Monash Department of Musculoskeletal Health and Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monserrat Conde
- M. Conde, PhD, Cochrane Campbell Global Ageing Partnership, London, and Centre for Evidence Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth Tanjong Ghogomu
- O. Dewidar, MSc, S. Dowling, BSc, E.T. Ghogomu, MSc, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lara Maxwell
- L. Maxwell, PhD, Cochrane Musculoskeletal, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Tugwell
- N. Janusz, BSc, P. Tugwell, MD, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tracey Howe
- T. Howe, PhD, Cochrane Campbell Global Ageing Partnership, London, UK
| | - Vivian Welch
- V. Welch, PhD, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Arienti C, Kiekens C, Bettinsoli R, Engkasan JP, Frischknecht R, Gimigliano F, Grubisic F, Howe T, Iannicelli V, Ilieva E, Lazzarini SG, Levack WM, Meyer T, Oral A, Patrini M, Pollini E, Rathore FA, Negrini S. Cochrane Rehabilitation: 2020 annual report. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2021; 57:303-308. [PMID: 33971699 DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.21.06877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
During its fourth year of existence, Cochrane Rehabilitation went on to promote evidence-informed health decision-making in rehabilitation. In 2020, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has made it necessary to alter priorities. In these challenging times, Cochrane Rehabilitation has firstly changed its internal organisation and established a new relevant project in line with pandemic needs: the REH-COVER (Rehabilitation - COVID-19 evidence-based response) action. The aim was to focus on the timely collection, review and dissemination of summarised and synthesised evidence relating to COVID-19 and rehabilitation. Cochrane Rehabilitation REH-COVER action has included in 2020 five main initiatives: 1) rapid living systematic reviews on rehabilitation and COVID-19; 2) interactive living evidence map on rehabilitation and COVID-19; 3) definition of the research topics on "rehabilitation and COVID-19" in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) rehabilitation programme; 4) Cochrane Library special collection on Coronavirus (COVID-19) rehabilitation; and 5) collaboration with COVID-END for the topics "rehabilitation" and "disability." Furthermore, we are still carrying on five different special projects: Be4rehab; RCTRACK; definition of rehabilitation for research purposes; ebook project; and a prioritization exercise for Cochrane Reviews production. The Review Working Area continued to identify and "tag" the rehabilitation-relevant reviews published in the Cochrane library; the Publication Working Area went on to publish Cochrane Corners, working more closely with the Cochrane Review Groups (CRGs) and Cochrane Networks, particularly with Cochrane Musculoskeletal, Oral, Skin and Sensory Network; the Education Working Area, the most damaged in 2020, tried to continue performing educational activities such as workshops in different online meetings; the Methodology Working Area organized the third and fourth Cochrane Rehabilitation Methodological (CRM) meetings respectively in Milan and Orlando; the Communication Working Area spread rehabilitation evidences through different channels and translated the contents in different languages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlotte Kiekens
- Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute SpA, Imola, Bologna, Italy.,University Hospitals Leuven - KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Julia P Engkasan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rolf Frischknecht
- Honorary Consultant in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Center of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Gimigliano
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Frane Grubisic
- Department of Rheumatology, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Center "Sestre Milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Elena Ilieva
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Thorsten Meyer
- School of Public Health, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Aydan Oral
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Farooq A Rathore
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, PNS Shifa Hospital, DHA II, Karachi, Pakistan.,Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan.,Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Stefano Negrini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan "La Statale", Milan, Italy
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Janusz N, Dowling S, Dewidar O, Conde M, Tanjong Ghogomu E, Maxwell L, Tugwell P, Howe T, Welch V. Are we measuring the right function outcomes for older adults in reviews by the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group? Semin Arthritis Rheum 2021; 51:523-529. [PMID: 33878561 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal conditions are the leading cause of years lived with disability for older adults. Limitations in functional ability affect healthy aging for aging populations worldwide. Thus, it is important to assess effects of interventions on the multiple dimensions of function for older adults. OBJECTIVES To assess: (1) which domains of function are assessed in reviews published by the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group inclusive of older adults, and (2) the extent to which these reviews evaluate effects and/or applicability of findings for older adults. METHODS We included all reviews published by the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Review Group after 2015 including participants over the age of 50 (n = 52). We extracted data on how the activities and participation domains of the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) were measured. We assessed the extent to which reviews included methods to evaluate effects across age, according to the framework in the Cochrane Handbook chapter on equity and specific populations. RESULTS The median age of participants across reviews was 54 years (range 16-94). ICF domains assessed in reviews, in descending order of frequency, were: domestic life (90%), mobility (89%), self-care (87%), interpersonal interactions and relationships (65%), community, social, and civic life (64%), major life areas (31%), communication (2%), general tasks and demands (0%) and learning and applying knowledge (0%). In evaluating effects across age, the age of participants was described by 73% of reviews and 54% mentioned age in the description of the condition, 21% planned subgroup analysis by age and none were able to conduct this analysis. Only 17% described applicability of results to older people. CONCLUSIONS Reviews published by the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group inclusive of older adults assess most domains of functional ability with the exception of communication, general tasks and knowledge domains. None of these reviews were able to conduct a subgroup analysis across age, indicating a need to improve the consideration of age in both Cochrane reviews as well as in primary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Janusz
- Bruyere Research Institute, 43 Bruyère Street, Ottawa K1N 5C8, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Sierra Dowling
- Bruyere Research Institute, 43 Bruyère Street, Ottawa K1N 5C8, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Omar Dewidar
- Bruyere Research Institute, 43 Bruyère Street, Ottawa K1N 5C8, Ontario, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Monserrat Conde
- Cochrane Campbell Global Ageing Partnership, United Kingdom; CIDEF, ISHIP, ISMAT - Instituto Superior Manuel Teixeira Gomes, Portimão, Portugal.
| | - Elizabeth Tanjong Ghogomu
- Bruyere Research Institute, 43 Bruyère Street, Ottawa K1N 5C8, Ontario, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Lara Maxwell
- Cochrane Musculoskeletal, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Peter Tugwell
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Tracey Howe
- Cochrane Campbell Global Ageing Partnership, United Kingdom.
| | - Vivian Welch
- Bruyere Research Institute, 43 Bruyère Street, Ottawa K1N 5C8, Ontario, Canada.
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Hoogeboom TJ, Kousemaker MC, van Meeteren NL, Howe T, Bo K, Tugwell P, Ferreira M, de Bie RA, van den Ende CH, Stevens-Lapsley JE. i-CONTENT tool for assessing therapeutic quality of exercise programs employed in randomised clinical trials. Br J Sports Med 2020; 55:1153-1160. [PMID: 33144350 PMCID: PMC8479742 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE When appraising the quality of randomised clinical trial (RCTs) on the merits of exercise therapy, we typically limit our assessment to the quality of the methods. However, heterogeneity across studies can also be caused by differences in the quality of the exercise interventions (ie, 'the potential effectiveness of a specific intervention given the potential target group of patients')-a challenging concept to assess. We propose an internationally developed, consensus-based tool that aims to assess the quality of exercise therapy programmes studied in RCTs: the international Consensus on Therapeutic Exercise aNd Training (i-CONTENT) tool. METHODS Forty-nine experts (from 12 different countries) in the field of physical and exercise therapy participated in a four-stage Delphi approach to develop the i-CONTENT tool: (1) item generation (Delphi round 1), (2) item selection (Delphi rounds 2 and 3), (3) item specification (focus group discussion) and (4) tool development and refinement (working group discussion and piloting). RESULTS Out of the 61 items generated in the first Delphi round, consensus was reached on 17 items, resulting in seven final items that form the i-CONTENT tool: (1) patient selection; (2) qualified supervisor; (3) type and timing of outcome assessment; (4) dosage parameters (frequency, intensity, time); (5) type of exercise; (6) safety of the exercise programme and (7) adherence to the exercise programme. CONCLUSION The i-CONTENT-tool is a step towards transparent assessment of the quality of exercise therapy programmes studied in RCTs, and ultimately, towards the development of future, higher quality, exercise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Hoogeboom
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, IQ healthcare, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nico Lu van Meeteren
- Executive Director, Top Sector Life Sciences & Health (Health~Holland), The Hague; Professor, Dept Anesthesiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam; CEO, Topcare, The Netherlands
| | - Tracey Howe
- Global Aging, Cochrane Collaboration, London, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Kari Bo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Akershus, Norway.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akershus University Hospital, Lorenskog, Norway
| | - Peter Tugwell
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manuela Ferreira
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, The Kolling Institute, University of Sydney Sydney Medical School, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rob A de Bie
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jennifer E Stevens-Lapsley
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Eastern Colorado VA Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Aurora, Colorado, USA
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5
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Lloyd TD, Neal‐Smith G, Fennelly J, Claireaux H, Bretherton C, Carr AJ, Murphy M, Kendrick BJ, Palmer AJR, Wong J, Sharma P, Osei‐Bonsu PK, Ashcroft G, Baigent T, Shirland E, Espey R, Stokes M, Liew I, Dhawal A, Watchorn D, Lum J, Qureshi M, Khaled AS, Kauser S, Hodhody G, Rogers S, Haywood‐Alexander B, Sheikh G, Mahapatra P, Twaij H, Chicco M, Arnaout F, Atherton T, Mutimer J, Sinha P, Oliver E, Stedman T, Gadd R, Kutuzov V, Sattar M, Robiati L, Plastow R, Howe T, Hassan A, Lau B, Collins J, Doshi A, Tan G, Baskaran D, Hari Sunil Kumar K, Agarwal R, Horner M, Gwyn R, Masud S, Beaumont O, Pilarski A, Lebe M, Dawson‐Bowling S, Nolan D, Tsitskaris K, Beamish RE, Jordan C, Alsop S, Hibbert E, Deshpande G, Gould A, Briant‐Evans T, Kilbane L, Crowther I, Ingoe H, Naisbitt A, Gourbault L, Muscat J, Goh EL, Gill J, Elbashir M, Modi N, Archer J, Ismael S, Petrie M, O'Brien H, McCormick M, Koh NP, Lloyd T, King A, Ikram A, Peake J, Yoong A, Rye DS, Newman M, Naraen A, Myatt D, Kapur R, Sgardelis P, Kohli S, Culverhouse‐Mathews M, Haynes S, Boden H, Purmah A, Shenoy R, Raja S, Koh NP, Donovan R, Yeomans D, Ritchie D, Larkin R, Aladwan R, Hughes K, Unsworth R, Cooke R, Samra I, Barrow J, Michael K, Byrne F, Anwar R, Karatzia L, Drysdale H, Wilson H, Jones R, Dass D, Liaw F, Aujla R, Kheiran A, Bell K, Ramavath AL, Telfer R, Nachev K, Lawrence H, Garg V, Shenoy P, Lacey A, Byrom I, Simons M, Manning C, Cheyne N, Williams J. Peri‐operative administration of tranexamic acid in lower limb arthroplasty: a multicentre, prospective cohort study. Anaesthesia 2020; 75:1050-1058. [DOI: 10.1111/anae.15056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. D. Lloyd
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Oxford Surgical Collaborative for Audit and Research Oxford UK
| | - G. Neal‐Smith
- Oxford Surgical Collaborative for Audit and Research Oxford UK
| | - J. Fennelly
- Oxford Surgical Collaborative for Audit and Research Oxford UK
| | - H. Claireaux
- Oxford Surgical Collaborative for Audit and Research Oxford UK
| | - C. Bretherton
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Oxford Surgical Collaborative for Audit and Research Oxford UK
| | - A. J. Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - M. Murphy
- University of Oxford UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant Oxford UK
| | - B. J. Kendrick
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - A. J. R. Palmer
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK
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Arienti C, Kiekens C, Bettinsoli R, Engkasan JP, Gimigliano F, Grubisic F, Howe T, Ilieva E, Lazzarini SG, Levack WM, Malmivaara A, Meyer T, Oral A, Patrini M, Pollet J, Rathore FA, Negrini S. Cochrane Rehabilitation: 2019 annual report. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2020; 56:120-125. [DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.20.06188-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Negrini S, Arienti C, Engkasan JP, Gimigliano F, Grubisic F, Howe T, Ilieva E, Lazzarini SG, Levack WM, Malmivaara A, Meyer T, Oral A, Patrini M, Pollet J, Rathore FA, Kiekens C. Cochrane Rehabilitation: 2018 annual report. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2019; 55:314-318. [DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.19.05785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bakulev AL, Fitileva TV, Novodezerkina EА, Gilloteau I, Tian Н, Howe T, Pietri G. Psoriasis: clinical and epidemiological features and therapy issues. Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii 2018. [DOI: 10.25208/0042-4609-2018-94-3-67-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim. This study sets out to establish the demographic and clinical features of psoriasis and its co-morbidities; to describe approaches to treating patients in Russia, to whom the systemic therapy of drugs has been recommended; to assess the effects of this dermatosis on the patients' quality of life and work productivity; to assess the degree of consistency between dermatologists' and patients' estimates concerning the severity of the disease, complaints/objective manifestations and treatment satisfaction.Methods. Data from the GfK Disease Atlas was used. This ATLAS was filed within a global programme Growth from Knowledge that collected reliable data in the context of everyday clinical practice in 9 countries. The paper presents the results solely for the Russian sample. The study involved patients with moderate or severe psoriasis who were receiving systemic therapy for this disease. Using specially developed forms, ATLAS specialists registered data about patients, their disease and received treatment. The patients affected by psoriasis, who participated in the study, were questioned about their disease. Dermatologists assessed the severity of psoriasis, the patients' complaints, co-morbidities and received treatment. The patients completed questionnaires aimed at assessing the quality of their life [Dermatology Life Quality Index, DLQI] and their work productivity [Work Productivity and Activity Impairment, WPAI]. The concordance between the patients' and the dermatologists' estimates was assessed using Cohen's kappa coefficient.Results. Overall, 3,821 patients participated in the ATLAS programme, out of whom 300 patients were Russians. The average time since psoriasis diagnosis amounted to 9.9 years. 51 % of the patients complained about itching in the lesion areas. Psoriatic arthritis was registered in 19 % of the cases. Among co-morbidities, anxiety or depression was most often recorded (11 %, respectively). The proportion of patients with pruritus and related comorbid conditions increased with psoriasis severity. The disease negatively affected the quality of patients’ life (the average value of DLQI was 7.1) and their work productivity (a decrease in the work productivity reached 33.2 %), with these indicators deteriorating with psoriasis severity. Despite the dominance of moderate and severe psoriasis forms among the participants, 60 % of the patients received therapy only with topical medications. The concordance rate between the patients and the dermatologists concerning the estimation of psoriasis severity and treatment satisfaction was low.Conclusion. Despite the therapy with systemic drugs, the patients' quality of life affected by severe or moderate psoriasis forms remained low. The consistency between the views on the treatment success between the patients and the dermatologists was low.
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Griffiths C, Augustin M, Naldi L, Romiti R, Guevara-Sangines E, Howe T, Pietri G, Gilloteau I, Richardson C, Tian H, Jo S. Patient-dermatologist agreement in psoriasis severity, symptoms and satisfaction: results from a real-world multinational survey. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C.E.M. Griffiths
- Dermatology Centre; Salford Royal Hospital; NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - M. Augustin
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP); University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE); Hamburg Germany
| | - L. Naldi
- Department of Dermatology; AULSS 8, Ospedale san Bortolo; Vicenza Italy
| | - R. Romiti
- Department of Dermatology; Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo (USP); São Paulo Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - H. Tian
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; East Hanover NJ USA
| | - S.J. Jo
- Department of Dermatology; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Korea
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Negrini S, Arienti C, William L, Grubišic F, Ilieva E, Gimigliano F, Meyer T, Engkasan J, Rathore F, Malmivaara A, Oral A, Pollet J, Howe T, Kiekens C. Organization and functioning of Cochrane rehabilitation field. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2018.05.1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Griffiths C, Jo SJ, Naldi L, Romiti R, Guevara-Sangines E, Howe T, Pietri G, Gilloteau I, Richardson C, Tian H, Augustin M. A multidimensional overview of the burden of psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Griffiths C, Jo SJ, Naldi L, Romiti R, Guevara-Sangines E, Howe T, Pietri G, Gilloteau I, Richardson C, Tian H, Augustin M. 银屑病负担的多维概述. Br J Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Negrini S, Arienti C, Pollet J, Engkasan JP, Gimigliano F, Grubisic F, Howe T, Ilieva E, Levack W, Malmivaara A, Meyer T, Oral A, Rathore F, Kiekens C. Cochrane Rehabilitation: report of the first year of work. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2018; 54:463-465. [DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.18.05317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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MacLachlan M, Banes D, Bell D, Borg J, Donnelly B, Fembek M, Ghosh R, Gowran RJ, Hannay E, Hiscock D, Hoogerwerf EJ, Howe T, Kohler F, Layton N, Long S, Mannan H, Mji G, Odera Ongolo T, Perry K, Pettersson C, Power J, Delgado Ramos V, Slepičková L, Smith EM, Tay-Teo K, Geiser P, Hooks H. Assistive technology policy: a position paper from the first global research, innovation, and education on assistive technology (GREAT) summit. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2018; 13:454-466. [PMID: 29790393 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2018.1468496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Increased awareness, interest and use of assistive technology (AT) presents substantial opportunities for many citizens to become, or continue being, meaningful participants in society. However, there is a significant shortfall between the need for and provision of AT, and this is patterned by a range of social, demographic and structural factors. To seize the opportunity that assistive technology offers, regional, national and sub-national assistive technology policies are urgently required. This paper was developed for and through discussion at the Global Research, Innovation and Education on Assistive Technology (GREAT) Summit; organized under the auspices of the World Health Organization's Global Collaboration on Assistive Technology (GATE) program. It outlines some of the key principles that AT polices should address and recognizes that AT policy should be tailored to the realities of the contexts and resources available. AT policy should be developed as a part of the evolution of related policy across a number of different sectors and should have clear and direct links to AT as mediators and moderators for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The consultation process, development and implementation of policy should be fully inclusive of AT users, and their representative organizations, be across the lifespan, and imbued with a strong systems-thinking ethos. Six barriers are identified which funnel and diminish access to AT and are addressed systematically within this paper. We illustrate an example of good practice through a case study of AT services in Norway, and we note the challenges experienced in less well-resourced settings. A number of economic factors relating to AT and economic arguments for promoting AT use are also discussed. To address policy-development the importance of active citizenship and advocacy, the need to find mechanisms to scale up good community practices to a higher level, and the importance of political engagement for the policy process, are highlighted. Policy should be evidence-informed and allowed for evidence-making; however, it is important to account for other factors within the given context in order for policy to be practical, authentic and actionable. Implications for Rehabilitation The development of policy in the area of asssitive technology is important to provide an overarching vision and outline resourcing priorities. This paper identifies some of the key themes that should be addressed when developing or revising assistive technology policy. Each country should establish a National Assistive Technology policy and develop a theory of change for its implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm MacLachlan
- a Assisting Living & Learning (ALL) Institute, Maynooth University , Maynooth , Ireland.,b Centre for Rehabilitation Studies , Stellenbosch University , Tygerburg , South Africa.,c Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc , Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | | | - Diane Bell
- e Centre for Rehabilitation Studies, Stellenbosch University , Cape Town , South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - Rosemary Joan Gowran
- j Department of Clinical Therapies, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences , University of Limerick , Limerick , Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Tracey Howe
- n Glasgow Caledonian University , Glasgow , UK
| | - Friedbert Kohler
- o Hammond Care Braeside Hospital, University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Natasha Layton
- p Department of Health Professions, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn , Australia
| | - Siobhán Long
- q Assistive Technology and SeatTech Services , Enable Ireland , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Hasheem Mannan
- r Health Systems Research Group , University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Gubela Mji
- b Centre for Rehabilitation Studies , Stellenbosch University , Tygerburg , South Africa
| | | | - Katherine Perry
- t Independent Consultant & Policy Advocate , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Cecilia Pettersson
- u Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Goteborg , Sweden
| | - Jessica Power
- v Centre for Global Health , Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | | | - Lenka Slepičková
- x Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc , Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Emma M Smith
- y Graduate School, University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Kiu Tay-Teo
- z Melbourne School of Population and Global Health , Melbourne University , Melbourne , Australia
| | | | - Hilary Hooks
- a Assisting Living & Learning (ALL) Institute, Maynooth University , Maynooth , Ireland
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Smith EM, Gowran RJ, Mannan H, Donnelly B, Alvarez L, Bell D, Contepomi S, Ennion Wegner L, Hoogerwerf EJ, Howe T, Jan YK, Kagwiza J, Layton N, Ledgerd R, MacLachlan M, Oggero G, Pettersson C, Pousada T, Scheffler E, Wu S. Enabling appropriate personnel skill-mix for progressive realization of equitable access to assistive technology. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2018; 13:445-453. [PMID: 29772939 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2018.1470683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS This paper reviews the current capacity of personnel in enabling access to assistive technology (AT) as well as the systems and processes within which they work, and was reviewed, discussed, and refined during and following the Global Research, Innovation, and Education in Assistive Technology (GREAT) Summit. FINDINGS Key concepts addressed include a person-centred team approach; sustainability indicators to monitor, measure, and respond to needs for service design and delivery; education, research, and training for competent practice, using the six rehab-workforce challenges framework; and credentialing frameworks. We propose development of a competence framework and associated education and training programs, and development and implementation of a certification framework for AT personnel. CONCLUSIONS There is a resolve to address the challenges faced by People globally to access assistive technology. Context specific needs assessment is required to understand the AT Personnel landscape, to shape and strengthen credentialing frameworks through competencies and certification, acknowledging both general and specific skill mix requirements. Implications for Rehabilitation Personnel in assistive technology (AT) provision should be trained using a person-centred team approach, which emphasizes appropriate skill-mix to address multiple needs within the community. Sustainability indicators should be used which allow personnel to monitor, measure and respond to needs for service design and delivery. A competence framework with associated education and training program, coupled with the development and implementation of a certification framework for AT personnel needs, will promote quality in AT personnel training globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Smith
- a Rehabilitation Sciences, GF Strong Rehabilitation Research Program, University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | - Rosemary Joan Gowran
- b School of Allied Health, University of Limerick , Limerick , Ireland.,c University of Sunshine Coast , Sunshine Coast , Australia
| | - Hasheem Mannan
- d School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health Systems Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | | | - Liliana Alvarez
- f School of Occupational Therapy, Western University , London , Canada
| | - Diane Bell
- g World Health Organization , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Silvana Contepomi
- h Argentine Assistive Technology Association , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Liezel Ennion Wegner
- i Department of Physiotherapy, University of Western Cape , Cape Town , South Africa
| | | | | | - Yih-Kuen Jan
- l The Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Champaign , IL , USA
| | - Jeanne Kagwiza
- m College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda , Kigali , Rwanda
| | - Natasha Layton
- n Department of Health Professions, Swinburne University , Hawthorn , Australia
| | | | - Malcolm MacLachlan
- p Assisting Living & Learning (ALL) Institute, Maynooth University , Maynooth , Ireland
| | | | - Cecilia Pettersson
- q Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology , Goteborg , Sweden
| | - Thais Pousada
- r Faculty of Health Sciences, of A Coruña , A Coruña , Spain
| | - Elsje Scheffler
- s Centre for Rehabilitation Studies, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Sam Wu
- t Geisinger Health System , Danville , CA , USA
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Griffiths CEM, Jo SJ, Naldi L, Romiti R, Guevara-Sangines E, Howe T, Pietri G, Gilloteau I, Richardson C, Tian H, Augustin M. A multidimensional assessment of the burden of psoriasis: results from a multinational dermatologist and patient survey. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:173-181. [PMID: 29328510 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated disease, characterized by symptoms that include itching and skin pain and is often associated with comorbidities. Patients have a substantial detriment to quality of life (QoL) and work productivity with associated cost burden. OBJECTIVES To investigate the incremental burden of comorbidities, itch and affected body areas among systemic eligible patients with psoriasis, using a multinational survey of dermatologists and their patients with psoriasis. METHODS Multinational data from the Growth from Knowledge (GfK) Disease Atlas Global Real-World Evidence program were used. Eligible patients were identified as those who were currently having or had ever had moderate-to-severe psoriasis, and must have been receiving prescription treatments at the time of the survey. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to assess the incremental burden among psoriasis patients with physical and psychological comorbidities, itch and affected visible and sensitive body areas vs. psoriasis patients without these conditions, respectively. RESULTS The study enrolled 3821 patients with psoriasis, from nine countries, with an average Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score of 6·4. The presence of comorbidities was associated with a significant increase in the likelihood of skin pain, lower QoL, greater work impairment and increased usage of medical resources (except in psoriasis patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes). Psoriasis patients suffering from itch and those with visible and sensitive affected body areas also had impaired QoL vs. those without these conditions. CONCLUSIONS Psoriasis patients with physical and psychological comorbidities, itch and affected visible and sensitive body areas had lower QoL and greater work impairment compared to those without these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E M Griffiths
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal Hospital, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | - S-J Jo
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - L Naldi
- Department of Dermatology, AULSS 8, Ospedale san Bortolo, Vicenza, Italy
| | - R Romiti
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | - E Guevara-Sangines
- Hospital Regional "Lic. Adolfo López Mateos" ISSSTE, México City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - H Tian
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, U.S.A
| | - M Augustin
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
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Green E, Howe T, Preston J, Dawson L, Davidson P. Evaluation of outcome measures for use in clinical practice for adults with musculoskeletal shoulder problems: a systematic review. Physiotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2017.11.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Green J, Howe T, Preston J, Dawson L. Clinician adherence to protocol and reporting is low in determining caseload characteristics of adults with shoulder pain. Physiotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2017.11.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Donaldson E, Howe T, Holdsworth L, Webster V. The National Elf Service: online engagement or a brief encounter? Physiotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Sibley KM, Howe T, Lamb SE, Lord SR, Maki BE, Rose DJ, Scott V, Stathokostas L, Straus SE, Jaglal SB. Recommendations for a core outcome set for measuring standing balance in adult populations: a consensus-based approach. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120568. [PMID: 25768435 PMCID: PMC4358983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standing balance is imperative for mobility and avoiding falls. Use of an excessive number of standing balance measures has limited the synthesis of balance intervention data and hampered consistent clinical practice. OBJECTIVE To develop recommendations for a core outcome set (COS) of standing balance measures for research and practice among adults. METHODOLOGY A combination of scoping reviews, literature appraisal, anonymous voting and face-to-face meetings with fourteen invited experts from a range of disciplines with international recognition in balance measurement and falls prevention. Consensus was sought over three rounds using pre-established criteria. DATA SOURCES The scoping review identified 56 existing standing balance measures validated in adult populations with evidence of use in the past five years, and these were considered for inclusion in the COS. RESULTS Fifteen measures were excluded after the first round of scoring and a further 36 after round two. Five measures were considered in round three. Two measures reached consensus for recommendation, and the expert panel recommended that at a minimum, either the Berg Balance Scale or Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test be used when measuring standing balance in adult populations. LIMITATIONS Inclusion of two measures in the COS may increase the feasibility of potential uptake, but poses challenges for data synthesis. Adoption of the standing balance COS does not constitute a comprehensive balance assessment for any population, and users should include additional validated measures as appropriate. CONCLUSIONS The absence of a gold standard for measuring standing balance has contributed to the proliferation of outcome measures. These recommendations represent an important first step towards greater standardization in the assessment and measurement of this critical skill and will inform clinical research and practice internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Sibley
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute- University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tracey Howe
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Lamb
- Centre for Rehabilitation Research, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R. Lord
- Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brian E. Maki
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute- University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Debra J. Rose
- California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, United States of America
| | - Vicky Scott
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit and Ministry of Health, Victoria, Canada
| | - Liza Stathokostas
- Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, Western University, London, Canada
| | | | - Susan B. Jaglal
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute- University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Elliott J, Sim I, Thomas J, Owens N, Dooley G, Riis J, Wallace B, Thomas J, Noel-Storr A, Rada G, Struthers C, Howe T, MacLehose H, Brandt L, Kunnamo I, Mavergames C. #CochraneTech: technology and the future of systematic reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014:ED000091. [PMID: 25288182 PMCID: PMC10845870 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.ed000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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22
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Gray H, Howe T. Physiotherapists’ assessment and management of psychosocial factors (Yellow and Blue Flags) in individuals with back pain. Physical Therapy Reviews 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/1743288x13y.0000000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Stott
- Academic Section of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 4th Floor Walton Building, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G4 0SF, UK
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McMillan L, Booth J, Currie K, Howe T. ‘Balancing risk’ after fall-induced hip fracture: the older person's need for information. Int J Older People Nurs 2013; 9:249-57. [DOI: 10.1111/opn.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura McMillan
- School of Health, Nursing and Midwifery; University of the West of Scotland; Paisley UK
| | - Joanne Booth
- School of Health & Life Sciences; Glasgow Caledonian University; Glasgow UK
| | - Kay Currie
- School of Health & Life Sciences; Glasgow Caledonian University; Glasgow UK
| | - Tracey Howe
- School of Health & Life Sciences; Glasgow Caledonian University; Glasgow UK
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Potrata B, Cavet J, Blair S, Howe T, Molassiotis A. 'Like a sieve': an exploratory study on cognitive impairments in patients with multiple myeloma. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2011; 19:721-8. [PMID: 20088921 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2354.2009.01145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to obtain a more in-depth understanding of cognitive impairments and concerns as described by patients with multiple myeloma and the strategies used to cope with them. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were undertaken with 15 multiple myeloma patients of differing age ranges and at various stages of their disease. Various cognitive impairments, such as problems with short-term memory, poor recall and lack of concentration were observed and/or expressed in at least 10 out of 15 patients, all of them long(er)-term survivors. In some patients cognitive impairments significantly interfered with their personal and professional lives, and for some patients these were described as permanent. The patients used various coping strategies, from denial, taking notes, writing diaries, reading simpler texts, using talking books and videos, to using systems for counting medication to cope with the results of their cognitive impairment. Our findings differ from much of the contemporary literature which states that if cognitive impairments in cancer patients occur, they are mostly mild and transient. More proactive supportive care is needed to help patients with multiple myeloma to cope with poorer cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Potrata
- School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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27
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McMillan L, Booth J, Currie K, Howe T. Taking control after fall-induced hip fracture – A grounded theory. Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijotn.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Howe T, Lester J, Brewster A, Hanna C, Button M. 30 day mortality in lung cancer patients treated with chemotherapy in SE Wales: A review in light of the NCEPOD report. Lung Cancer 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(10)70023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Booth J, Skelton D, Howe T, Ballinger C, MacInnes C. The effects of lifestyle and behavioural interventions for urinary incontinence on mobility, physical activity and falls in older people: A comprehensive systematic review. JBI Libr Syst Rev 2009; 7:1-25. [PMID: 27819983 DOI: 10.11124/01938924-200907161-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jo Booth
- 1. Glasgow Caledonian University, 2. Glasgow Caledonian University, 3. Glasgow Caledonian University, 4. Glasgow Caledonian University, 5. Glasgow Caledonian University,
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Glynn S, Boersma B, Martin D, Howe T, Ridnour L, Wink D, Yi M, Stephens R, Yfantis H, Ambs S. B5. iNOS expression is associated with basal-like breast cancer phenotype and predicts poor survival in ERneg breast cancer. Nitric Oxide 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2007.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hanchard N, Shanahan D, Howe T, Thompson J, Goodchild L. Accuracy and dispersal of subacromial and glenohumeral injections in cadavers. J Rheumatol 2006; 33:1143-6. [PMID: 16755663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE "Blind" shoulder injections are often inaccurate and infiltrate untargeted structures. We tested a hypothesis that optimizing certain anatomical and positional factors would improve accuracy and reduce dispersal. METHODS We evaluated one subacromial and one glenohumeral injection technique on cadavers. RESULTS Mean accuracy was 91% for subacromial-targeted and 74 and 91% (worst- and best-case scenarios) for joint-targeted injections. Mean dispersal was 19% for subacromial-targeted and 16% for joint-targeted injections. All results bettered those reported previously. CONCLUSION These "optimized" techniques might improve accuracy and limit dispersal of blind shoulder injections in clinical situations, benefiting efficacy and safety. However, evaluation is required in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Hanchard
- Teesside Centre for Rehabilitation Sciences, The James Cook University Hospital, University of Teesside, Middlesbrough, TS4 3BW, UK.
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Smith BJ, Weekley JS, Pilotto L, Howe T, Beven R. Cost comparison of at-home treatment of deep venous thrombosis with low molecular weight heparin to inpatient treatment with unfractionated heparin. Intern Med J 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1445-5994.2002.00146.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Smith BJ, Weekley JS, Pilotto L, Howe T, Beven R. Cost comparison of at-home treatment of deep venous thrombosis with low molecular weight heparin to inpatient treatment with unfractionated heparin. Intern Med J 2002; 32:29-34. [PMID: 11783670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) permit safe and effective treatment of uncomplicated deep venous thrombosis (DVT) at home. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost minimization, cost shifting and patient satisfaction associated with at-home DVT treatment using the LMWH enoxaparin, compared to standard inpatient care in an Australian health-care setting. METHODS Subjects presenting with a principal diagnosis of uncomplicated DVT to the Emergency Department at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, were recruited over 1997-1999. Costs to the hospital, to Federal funding (Medicare) and to patients were tracked prospectively, and satisfaction was also measured. Subjects were matched to historical controls (1994-1997) for age, gender and level of comorbidity (same or lower) by two medical officers who were blinded to costs. Control costs were obtained using the clinical costing system Trendstar, and adjusted for consumer price index. RESULTS Twenty-eight subjects participated in the at-home programme. Of these, 26 were discharged without any inpatient admission (including one who agreed to self-injection) and two were admitted briefly. Audit demonstrated that only 29% of eligible subjects were managed at home. Mean (SEM) total treatment cost was $756 (76) per patient for at-home, and $2,208 (146) for controls. Minimal cost shifts to patients and to Medicare occurred, and satisfaction was high. CONCLUSIONS At-home treatment of uncomplicated DVT using enoxaparin in an Australian metropolitan setting provides effective cost minimization, with little cost-shifting. Our cost minimisation estimates are conservative as most at-home subjects received enoxaparin twice daily (now used once per day) and controls had at least as high comorbidity. However, uptake of the at-home programme was limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Smith BJ, Weekley JS, Pilotto L, Howe T, Beven R. Cost comparison of at-home treatment of deep venous thrombosis with low molecular weight heparin to inpatient treatment with unfractionated heparin. Intern Med J 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1445-5994.2002.d01-5.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Plantar heel pain (PHP) is a foot pathology commonly reported in both athletic and non-athletic populations. The etiology of PHP is complex and identification of risk factors associated with PHP is required to predict who is at increased risk of injury. Excessive plantar heel force and pressures are intrinsic risk factors that may play a contributing role in the development of PHP. Limited research, however, has been undertaken in terms of ground reaction forces associated with PHP. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that there were significant differences in the vertical ground reaction forces and loading rates at rearfoot contact between symptomatic and contra-lateral asymptomatic feet in 23 subjects diagnosed with unilateral PHP. The equipment consisted of a portable force plate using a 10-m modular walkway sampled at 200 Hz by an independent observer. Paired t-tests demonstrated no significant difference (P0.05) in the vertical ground reaction forces and loading rates between the symptomatic and contra-lateral asymptomatic feet. The results suggest that single risk factors such as vertical ground reaction force and loading rates do not contribute to PHP. The authors conclude that a model that incorporates a multi-factorial approach to risk factors may lead to a better understanding into the etiology and management of those individuals who suffer from heel pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Liddle
- Rehabilitation Research Unit, University of Teesside, Physiotherapy, Middlesbrough, UK
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Jowitt SN, Chang J, Morgenstern GR, Howe T, Ryder WD, Testa NG, Scarffe JH. Factors which affect the CFU-GM content of the peripheral blood haemopoietic progenitor cell harvests in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 1998; 100:688-94. [PMID: 9531335 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00614.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autologous peripheral blood haemopoietic stem cells (PBSC) were harvested from 30 patients with de novo acute leukaemia, 29 of whom had entered remission following standard chemotherapy. Correlation of CD34+ cells/kg to CFU-GM/kg in the harvests was good (correlation coefficient = 0.72, P < 0.001). We demonstrated significant associations between the CFU-GM content of the harvest and the following: time to platelets >50 x 10(9)/l post final induction course (P < 0.001), days to harvest from day 1 of intensification/mobilization (correlation coefficient = -0.73, P < 0.001), platelets >20 x 10(9)/l at time of harvest (P = 0.02), time to WBC >1.0 x 10(9)/l post intensification/mobilization (correlation coefficient = -0.70, P < 0.001), and WBC on day of harvest (correlation coefficient = 0.60, P < 0.001). In contrast, we found no relationship between the CFU-GM content of the harvest and patient age up to 65 years, presence of absence of coexistent features of trilineage myelodysplasia at diagnosis, number of induction courses to remission or total number of courses of chemotherapy prior to intensification/mobilization. Haemopoietic recovery after reinfusion of PBSC was highly correlated to the number of CFU-GM infused (neutrophils >0.5 x 10(9)/l rs = -0.72, P = 0.001; platelets >20 x 10(9)/l unsupported rs = -0.71, P = 0.001). Our results show that the number of induction courses received, and thus exposure to cytotoxic agents received, made no significant difference to subsequent CFU-GM harvest content. We collected superior harvests from those patients with faster platelet recovery following mobilization therapy. We also found that faster platelet recovery following the final induction therapy was a better predictor of the CFU-GM harvest following mobilization than was the neutrophil recovery following final induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Jowitt
- Department of Haematological Oncology, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester
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Monn JA, Valli MJ, Massey SM, Wright RA, Salhoff CR, Johnson BG, Howe T, Alt CA, Rhodes GA, Robey RL, Griffey KR, Tizzano JP, Kallman MJ, Helton DR, Schoepp DD. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological characterization of (+)-2-aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (LY354740): a potent, selective, and orally active group 2 metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist possessing anticonvulsant and anxiolytic properties. J Med Chem 1997; 40:528-37. [PMID: 9046344 DOI: 10.1021/jm9606756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
2-Aminobicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (9) was designed as a conformationally constrained analog of glutamic acid. For 9, the key torsion angles (tau 1 and tau 2) which determine the relative positions of the alpha-amino acid and distal carboxyl functionalities are constrained where tau 1 = 166.9 degrees or 202 degrees and tau 2 = 156 degrees, respectively. We hypothesized that 9 would closely approximate the proposed bioactive conformation of glutamate when acting at group 2 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). The racemic target molecule (+/-)-9, its C2-diastereomer (+/-)-16, and its enantiomers (+)-9 (LY354740) and (-)-9 (LY366563) were prepared by an efficient, stereocontrolled, and high-yielding synthesis from 2-cyclopentenone. Our hypothesis that 9 could interact with high affinity and specificity at group 2 mGluRs has been supported by the observation that (+/-)-9 (EC50 = 0.086 +/- 0.025 microM) and its enantiomer (+)-9 (EC50 = 0.055 +/- 0.017 microM) are highly potent agonists for group 2 mGluRs in the rat cerebral cortical slice preparation (suppression of forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation) possessing no activity at other glutamate receptor sites (iGluR or group 1 mGluR) at concentrations up to 100 microM. Importantly, the mGluR agonist effects of (+)-9 are evident following oral administration in mice in both the elevated plus maze model of anxiety (ED50 = 0.5 mg/kg) and in the ACPD-induced limbic seizure model (ED50 = 45.6 mg/kg). Thus, (+)-9 is the first orally active group 2 mGluR agonist described thus far and is an important tool for studying the effects of compounds of this class in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Monn
- Central Nervous System Division, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA.
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Monn JA, Valli MJ, Johnson BG, Salhoff CR, Wright RA, Howe T, Bond A, Lodge D, Spangle LA, Paschal JW, Campbell JB, Griffey K, Tizzano JP, Schoepp DD. Synthesis of the four isomers of 4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate: identification of a potent, highly selective, and systemically-active agonist for metabotropic glutamate receptors negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase. J Med Chem 1996; 39:2990-3000. [PMID: 8709133 DOI: 10.1021/jm9601765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The four isomers of 4-aminopyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (APDC) were prepared and evaluated for their effects at glutamate receptors in vitro. (2R,4R)-APDC (2a), an aza analog of the nonselective mGluR agonist (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylate (1S,3R)-ACPD, 1), was found to possess relatively high affinity for metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) (ACPD-sensitive [3H]glutamate binding IC50 = 6.49 +/- 1.21 microM) with no effects on radioligand binding to NMDA, AMPA, or kainate receptors up to 100 microM. None of the other APDC isomers showed significant mGluR binding affinity, indicating that this interaction is highly stereospecific. Both 1 and 2a were effective in decreasing forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation in the adult rat cerebral cortex (EC50 = 8.17 +/- 2.21 microM for 1; EC50 = 14.51 +/- 5.54 microM for 2a); however, while 1 was also effective in stimulating basal tritiated inositol monophosphate production in the neonatal rat cerebral cortex (EC50 = 27.7 +/- 5.2 microM), 2a (up to 100 microM) was ineffective in stimulating phosphoinositide hydrolysis in this tissue preparation, further supporting our previous observations that 2a is a highly selective agonist for mGluRs negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase. Microelectrophoretic application of either 1 or 2a to intact rat spinal neurons produced an augmentation of AMPA-induced excitation (95 +/- 10% increase for 1, 52 +/- 6% increase for 2a). Intracerebral injection of 1 (400 nmol) produced characteristic limbic seizures in mice which are not mimicked by 2a (200-1600 nmol, ic). However, the limbic seizures induced by 1 were blocked by systemically administered 2a in a dose-dependent manner (EC50 = 271 mg/kg, ip). It is concluded that (2R,4R)-APDC (2a) is a highly selective, systemically-active agonist of mGluRs negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase and that selective activation of these receptors in vivo can result in anticonvulsant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Monn
- Core Technology Division, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA.
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Abstract
Abnormal or altered muscle tone in the neurologically damaged patient presents major problems for restoring motor function. Many nursing interventions, such as passive limb exercises and correct limb positioning, attempt to normalise muscle tone. The effect of abnormal tone on movement can be clearly seen, therefore it may be more appropriate to measure the 'quality' of movement. This article describes various methods of measuring muscle tone, such as video analysis, and examines the reliability of these techniques.
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the variability of performance of timed walking and sit-to-stand tests in elderly osteoarthritic subjects. Thirteen elderly subjects were asked to walk, as quickly as possible, along a flat corridor a distance of ten metres. The time and number of strides taken were recorded. Fourteen subjects were asked to perform a series of five sit-to-stand movements as quickly as possible from a plinth 48 cm high. Subjects performed three repeats of each test procedure with a two-minute rest period between each. This was undertaken on three separate occasions within a one-week period. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed for the time taken to complete the ten metres over the nine tests, but no significant difference was observed in the number of strides taken. The mean coefficient of variation for time taken was 7.3 per cent, which compares favourably with normal biological systems (1). No significant difference was observed for the time taken during the sit-to-stand test over the nine tests. These simple tests of functional ability may be confidently applied as sequential measures in the clinical setting.
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Bernard T, Kelsey SM, Macey MG, Cahill MR, Howe T, Newland AC. Protein-A-column plasma immunoadsorption in refractory autoimmune neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Lancet 1993; 341:1657-8. [PMID: 8100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Howe
- University of Manchester, Department of Geriatric Medicine
| | - T. Petterson
- University of Manchester, Department of Geriatric Medicine
| | - G. Smith
- University of Manchester, Department of Geriatric Medicine
| | - R. Tallis
- University of Manchester, Department of Geriatric Medicine
| | - J. Oldham
- University of Liverpool, Department of Nursing
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Pfaller MA, Cabezudo I, Buschelman B, Bale M, Howe T, Vitug M, Linton HJ, Densel M. Value of the Hybritech ICON Candida Assay in the diagnosis of invasive candidiasis in high-risk patients. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1993; 16:53-60. [PMID: 8425378 DOI: 10.1016/0732-8893(93)90130-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A total of 314 sera from 114 patients at risk for invasive candidiasis were analyzed for the presence of antigenemia using the Hybritech enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for detection of Candida mannan in serum (ICON Candida Assay, Hybritech Inc., San Diego, CA). Fourteen patients (12%) had invasive candidiasis documented by positive blood cultures, deep biopsy culture, and histopathology or autopsy, and five patients had probable invasive candidiasis based on a single positive blood culture and no additional signs of candidiasis. Nine patients had candiduria, 43 patients had mucous membrane colonization, 25 patients were not colonized but received empiric amphotericin B, and 18 patients were not colonized and not treated with amphotericin B. All sera were enzymatically extracted, heat treated, and reacted in a solid-phase sandwich EIA. Test results were read visually and with the ICON reader. The sensitivity and specificity of the mannan EIA in detection of documented invasive candidiasis was 86% and 92%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 60% and the negative predictive value was 98%. Among all patients with invasive candidiasis (documented plus probable), the sensitivity was 68%, the positive predictive value 62%, and the negative predictive value 94%. Specimens were positive within 3 days of the first positive culture in 11 (79%) of 14 patients with documented invasive candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Pfaller
- Iowa City Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Iowa
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Oldham J, Tallis R, Howe T, Smith G, Petterson T. Rehabilitation of muscle function. Part 2. Nurs Stand 1992; 6:37-9. [PMID: 1390083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the utilisation of a physiologically based research technique developed to facilitate the nursing care of patients with skeletal muscle wasting. The technique, which involved electrotherapeutic stimulation to the first dorsal interosseous muscle of a group of arthritic patients, demonstrates that patterned neuromuscular stimulation of skeletal muscle can have enormously beneficial effects in preserving and regenerating skeletal muscle. The reasons for the muscle wasting, and the subsequent vicious spiral of immobility, were reviewed in Part 1 (1), and both articles build on the concepts described in a previous paper published in Nursing Standard (2).
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Oldham J, Tallis R, Howe T, Smith G, Petterson T. Rehabilitation of muscle function. Part 1. Nurs Stand 1992; 6:37-9. [PMID: 1390069 DOI: 10.7748/ns.6.46.37.s45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This article, which develops the concepts introduced in the authors' paper in last week's edition (1), is the first of two which review and summarise recent studies describing techniques to test the hypothesis that uniform frequency stimulation of skeletal muscle deprives the muscle of the type of signals that are necessary for rapid, appropriate and effective adaptation. Next week, clinical trials which have tested this hypothesis will be described, and the implications of the results for nurses involved in rehabilitation work discussed; Part 1 sets out the methodology of extracting the firing patterns of single motor units from a fatiguing muscle.
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Oldham J, Tallis R, Howe T, Petterson T. Rehabilitation: objective assessment of muscle function. Nurs Stand 1992; 6:37-9. [PMID: 1525027 DOI: 10.7748/ns.6.45.37.s46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The lack of an appropriate and objective measuring scale or tool has ensured that rehabilitation nurses' assessments of patients' muscle function have tended to be subjective and, arguably, inconsistent. Such inexact methods are no longer acceptable to the increasingly audit-conscious health service and research-oriented nursing profession. The authors introduce a means of completing an objective assessment of patients' muscle function which, they claim, will enable nurses to evaluate the efficacy of current and potential treatment options. In follow-up articles appearing in the next two editions of Nursing Standard, they discuss electrotherapeutic rehabilitation of skeletal muscle function.
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Serviss E, Howe T, Lapa E, Tracz S. Occupational health nurses work for everyone. RNABC News 1983; 15:15. [PMID: 6552031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Howe T, Winterburn PJ. Synthesis and secretion of glycoproteins by isolated rat small intestinal epithelial cells. Adv Exp Med Biol 1982; 144:175-7. [PMID: 7080911 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9254-9_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Howe T, Voisey JR, Winterburn PJ. On the stability of nucleotide and nucleoside diphosphate sugar concentrations in isolated hepatocytes [proceedings]. Biochem Soc Trans 1980; 8:189-90. [PMID: 7371963 DOI: 10.1042/bst0080189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Howe T, Voisey JR, Winterburn PJ. Inhibition by tunicamycin of glycoprotein synthesis and secretion in isolated rat hepatocytes [proceedings]. Biochem Soc Trans 1980; 8:190-1. [PMID: 7371964 DOI: 10.1042/bst0080190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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