1
|
Metzkes-Ng J, Brack FE, Kroll F, Bernert C, Bock S, Bodenstein E, Brand M, Cowan TE, Gebhardt R, Hans S, Helbig U, Horst F, Jansen J, Kraft SD, Krause M, Leßmann E, Löck S, Pawelke J, Püschel T, Reimold M, Rehwald M, Richter C, Schlenvoigt HP, Schramm U, Schürer M, Seco J, Szabó ER, Umlandt MEP, Zeil K, Ziegler T, Beyreuther E. The DRESDEN PLATFORM is a research hub for ultra-high dose rate radiobiology. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20611. [PMID: 37996453 PMCID: PMC10667545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The recently observed FLASH effect describes the observation of normal tissue protection by ultra-high dose rates (UHDR), or dose delivery in a fraction of a second, at similar tumor-killing efficacy of conventional dose delivery and promises great benefits for radiotherapy patients. Dedicated studies are now necessary to define a robust set of dose application parameters for FLASH radiotherapy and to identify underlying mechanisms. These studies require particle accelerators with variable temporal dose application characteristics for numerous radiation qualities, equipped for preclinical radiobiological research. Here we present the DRESDEN PLATFORM, a research hub for ultra-high dose rate radiobiology. By uniting clinical and research accelerators with radiobiology infrastructure and know-how, the DRESDEN PLATFORM offers a unique environment for studying the FLASH effect. We introduce its experimental capabilities and demonstrate the platform's suitability for systematic investigation of FLASH by presenting results from a concerted in vivo radiobiology study with zebrafish embryos. The comparative pre-clinical study was conducted across one electron and two proton accelerator facilities, including an advanced laser-driven proton source applied for FLASH-relevant in vivo irradiations for the first time. The data show a protective effect of UHDR irradiation up to [Formula: see text] and suggests consistency of the protective effect even at escalated dose rates of [Formula: see text]. With the first clinical FLASH studies underway, research facilities like the DRESDEN PLATFORM, addressing the open questions surrounding FLASH, are essential to accelerate FLASH's translation into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Florian Kroll
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Constantin Bernert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Bock
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Bodenstein
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Brand
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence - Physics of Life, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas E Cowan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - René Gebhardt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Hans
- Center for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence - Physics of Life, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Helbig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Horst
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jeannette Jansen
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Mechthild Krause
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Medizinische Fakultät and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Löck
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Pawelke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Christian Richter
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Schürer
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Medizinische Fakultät and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joao Seco
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emília Rita Szabó
- ELI ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Oncotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marvin E P Umlandt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tim Ziegler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elke Beyreuther
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Reimold M, Assenbaum S, Bernert C, Beyreuther E, Brack FE, Karsch L, Kraft SD, Kroll F, Nossula A, Pawelke J, Rehwald M, Schlenvoigt HP, Schramm U, Umlandt MEP, Zeil K, Ziegler T, Metzkes-Ng J. Dosimetry for radiobiological in vivoexperiments at laser plasma-based proton accelerators. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:185009. [PMID: 37579761 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/acf025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Laser plasma-based accelerators (LPAs) of protons can contribute to research of ultra-high dose rate radiobiology as they provide pulse dose rates unprecedented at medical proton sources. Yet, LPAs pose challenges regarding precise and accurate dosimetry due to the high pulse dose rates, but also due to the sources' lower spectral stability and pulsed operation mode. Forin vivomodels, further challenges arise from the necessary small field dosimetry for volumetric dose distributions. For these novel source parameters and intended applications, a dosimetric standard needs to be established.Approach.In this work, we present a dosimetry and beam monitoring framework forin vivoirradiations of small target volumes with LPA protons, solving aforementioned challenges. The volumetric dose distribution in a sample (mean dose value and lateral/depth dose inhomogeneity) is provided by combining two independent dose measurements using radiochromic films (dose rate-independent) and ionization chambers (dose rate-dependent), respectively. The unique feature of the dosimetric setup is beam monitoring with a transmission time-of-flight spectrometer to quantify spectral fluctuations of the irradiating proton pulses. The resulting changes in the depth dose profile during irradiation of anin vivosample are hence accessible and enable pulse-resolved depth dose correction for each dose measurement.Main results.A first successful small animal pilot study using an LPA proton source serves as a testcase for the presented dosimetry approach and proves its performance in a realistic setting.Significance.With several facilities worldwide either setting up or already using LPA infrastructure for radiobiological studies with protons, the importance of LPA-adapted dosimetric frameworks as presented in this work is clearly underlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Reimold
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Assenbaum
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Constantin Bernert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Elke Beyreuther
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, D-01309 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Leonhard Karsch
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, D-01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan D Kraft
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Kroll
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexej Nossula
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Jörg Pawelke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, D-01309 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Rehwald
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marvin E P Umlandt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tim Ziegler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rehwald M, Assenbaum S, Bernert C, Brack FE, Bussmann M, Cowan TE, Curry CB, Fiuza F, Garten M, Gaus L, Gauthier M, Göde S, Göthel I, Glenzer SH, Huang L, Huebl A, Kim JB, Kluge T, Kraft S, Kroll F, Metzkes-Ng J, Miethlinger T, Loeser M, Obst-Huebl L, Reimold M, Schlenvoigt HP, Schoenwaelder C, Schramm U, Siebold M, Treffert F, Yang L, Ziegler T, Zeil K. Ultra-short pulse laser acceleration of protons to 80 MeV from cryogenic hydrogen jets tailored to near-critical density. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4009. [PMID: 37419912 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39739-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Laser plasma-based particle accelerators attract great interest in fields where conventional accelerators reach limits based on size, cost or beam parameters. Despite the fact that particle in cell simulations have predicted several advantageous ion acceleration schemes, laser accelerators have not yet reached their full potential in producing simultaneous high-radiation doses at high particle energies. The most stringent limitation is the lack of a suitable high-repetition rate target that also provides a high degree of control of the plasma conditions required to access these advanced regimes. Here, we demonstrate that the interaction of petawatt-class laser pulses with a pre-formed micrometer-sized cryogenic hydrogen jet plasma overcomes these limitations enabling tailored density scans from the solid to the underdense regime. Our proof-of-concept experiment demonstrates that the near-critical plasma density profile produces proton energies of up to 80 MeV. Based on hydrodynamic and three-dimensional particle in cell simulations, transition between different acceleration schemes are shown, suggesting enhanced proton acceleration at the relativistic transparency front for the optimal case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rehwald
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Stefan Assenbaum
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Constantin Bernert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian-Emanuel Brack
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bussmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), 02826, Görlitz, Germany
| | - Thomas E Cowan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chandra B Curry
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Frederico Fiuza
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Marco Garten
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lennart Gaus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maxence Gauthier
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Sebastian Göde
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Ilja Göthel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Siegfried H Glenzer
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Lingen Huang
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Huebl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jongjin B Kim
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Thomas Kluge
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Kraft
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Kroll
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Josefine Metzkes-Ng
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Miethlinger
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Loeser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lieselotte Obst-Huebl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Marvin Reimold
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christopher Schoenwaelder
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Siebold
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Treffert
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Long Yang
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tim Ziegler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dover NP, Ziegler T, Assenbaum S, Bernert C, Bock S, Brack FE, Cowan TE, Ditter EJ, Garten M, Gaus L, Goethel I, Hicks GS, Kiriyama H, Kluge T, Koga JK, Kon A, Kondo K, Kraft S, Kroll F, Lowe HF, Metzkes-Ng J, Miyatake T, Najmudin Z, Püschel T, Rehwald M, Reimold M, Sakaki H, Schlenvoigt HP, Shiokawa K, Umlandt MEP, Schramm U, Zeil K, Nishiuchi M. Enhanced ion acceleration from transparency-driven foils demonstrated at two ultraintense laser facilities. Light Sci Appl 2023; 12:71. [PMID: 36914618 PMCID: PMC10011581 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Laser-driven ion sources are a rapidly developing technology producing high energy, high peak current beams. Their suitability for applications, such as compact medical accelerators, motivates development of robust acceleration schemes using widely available repetitive ultraintense femtosecond lasers. These applications not only require high beam energy, but also place demanding requirements on the source stability and controllability. This can be seriously affected by the laser temporal contrast, precluding the replication of ion acceleration performance on independent laser systems with otherwise similar parameters. Here, we present the experimental generation of >60 MeV protons and >30 MeV u-1 carbon ions from sub-micrometre thickness Formvar foils irradiated with laser intensities >1021 Wcm2. Ions are accelerated by an extreme localised space charge field ≳30 TVm-1, over a million times higher than used in conventional accelerators. The field is formed by a rapid expulsion of electrons from the target bulk due to relativistically induced transparency, in which relativistic corrections to the refractive index enables laser transmission through normally opaque plasma. We replicate the mechanism on two different laser facilities and show that the optimum target thickness decreases with improved laser contrast due to reduced pre-expansion. Our demonstration that energetic ions can be accelerated by this mechanism at different contrast levels relaxes laser requirements and indicates interaction parameters for realising application-specific beam delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Dover
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Ziegler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Assenbaum
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Constantin Bernert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Bock
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian-Emanuel Brack
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas E Cowan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Emma J Ditter
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Garten
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lennart Gaus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ilja Goethel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - George S Hicks
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Hiromitsu Kiriyama
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Thomas Kluge
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - James K Koga
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Akira Kon
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kondo
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Stephan Kraft
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Kroll
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hazel F Lowe
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuhiko Miyatake
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Zulfikar Najmudin
- The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Püschel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Rehwald
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marvin Reimold
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hironao Sakaki
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | | | - Keiichiro Shiokawa
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Marvin E P Umlandt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Mamiko Nishiuchi
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bock S, Oksenhendler T, Püschel T, Gebhardt R, Helbig U, Pausch R, Ziegler T, Bernert C, Zeil K, Irman A, Toncian T, Kiriyama H, Nishiuchi M, Kon A, Schramm U. Spectral-temporal measurement capabilities of third-order correlators. Opt Express 2023; 31:9923-9934. [PMID: 37157556 DOI: 10.1364/oe.475575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a method extending scanning third-order correlator temporal pulse evolution measurement capabilities of high power short pulse lasers to spectral sensitivity within the spectral range exploited by typical chirped pulse amplification systems. Modelling of the spectral response achieved by angle tuning of the third harmonic generating crystal is applied and experimentally validated. Exemplary measurements of spectrally resolved pulse contrast of a Petawatt laser frontend illustrate the importance of full bandwidth coverage for the interpretation of relativistic laser target interaction in particular for the case of solid targets.
Collapse
|
6
|
Reimold M, Assenbaum S, Bernert C, Beyreuther E, Brack FE, Karsch L, Kraft SD, Kroll F, Loeser M, Nossula A, Pawelke J, Püschel T, Schlenvoigt HP, Schramm U, Umlandt MEP, Zeil K, Ziegler T, Metzkes-Ng J. Time-of-flight spectroscopy for laser-driven proton beam monitoring. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21488. [PMID: 36509788 PMCID: PMC9744900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Application experiments with laser plasma-based accelerators (LPA) for protons have to cope with the inherent fluctuations of the proton source. This creates a demand for non-destructive and online spectral characterization of the proton pulses, which are for application experiments mostly spectrally filtered and transported by a beamline. Here, we present a scintillator-based time-of-flight (ToF) beam monitoring system (BMS) for the recording of single-pulse proton energy spectra. The setup's capabilities are showcased by characterizing the spectral stability for the transport of LPA protons for two beamline application cases. For the two beamline settings monitored, data of 122 and 144 proton pulses collected over multiple days were evaluated, respectively. A relative energy uncertainty of 5.5% (1[Formula: see text]) is reached for the ToF BMS, allowing for a Monte-Carlo based prediction of depth dose distributions, also used for the calibration of the device. Finally, online spectral monitoring combined with the prediction of the corresponding depth dose distribution in the irradiated samples is demonstrated to enhance applicability of plasma sources in dose-critical scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Reimold
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Stefan Assenbaum
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Constantin Bernert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elke Beyreuther
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian-Emanuel Brack
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Leonhard Karsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan D Kraft
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Kroll
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Loeser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexej Nossula
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Jörg Pawelke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, 01309, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Püschel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marvin E P Umlandt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tim Ziegler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden, Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bernert C, Assenbaum S, Brack FE, Cowan TE, Curry CB, Garten M, Gaus L, Gauthier M, Göde S, Goethel I, Glenzer SH, Kluge T, Kraft S, Kroll F, Kuntzsch M, Metzkes-Ng J, Loeser M, Obst-Huebl L, Rehwald M, Schlenvoigt HP, Schoenwaelder C, Schramm U, Siebold M, Treffert F, Ziegler T, Zeil K. Off-harmonic optical probing of high intensity laser plasma expansion dynamics in solid density hydrogen jets. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7287. [PMID: 35508489 PMCID: PMC9068928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the non-linear nature of relativistic laser induced plasma processes, the development of laser-plasma accelerators requires precise numerical modeling. Especially high intensity laser-solid interactions are sensitive to the temporal laser rising edge and the predictive capability of simulations suffers from incomplete information on the plasma state at the onset of the relativistic interaction. Experimental diagnostics utilizing ultra-fast optical backlighters can help to ease this challenge by providing temporally resolved inside into the plasma density evolution. We present the successful implementation of an off-harmonic optical probe laser setup to investigate the interaction of a high-intensity laser at [Formula: see text] peak intensity with a solid-density cylindrical cryogenic hydrogen jet target of [Formula: see text] diameter as a target test bed. The temporal synchronization of pump and probe laser, spectral filtering and spectrally resolved data of the parasitic plasma self-emission are discussed. The probing technique mitigates detector saturation by self-emission and allowed to record a temporal scan of shadowgraphy data revealing details of the target ionization and expansion dynamics that were so far not accessible for the given laser intensity. Plasma expansion speeds of up to [Formula: see text] followed by full target transparency at [Formula: see text] after the high intensity laser peak are observed. A three dimensional particle-in-cell simulation initiated with the diagnosed target pre-expansion at [Formula: see text] and post processed by ray tracing simulations supports the experimental observations and demonstrates the capability of time resolved optical diagnostics to provide quantitative input and feedback to the numerical treatment within the time frame of the relativistic laser-plasma interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Bernert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Stefan Assenbaum
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian-Emanuel Brack
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas E Cowan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chandra B Curry
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Marco Garten
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lennart Gaus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maxence Gauthier
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | - Ilja Goethel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Kluge
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Kraft
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Kroll
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Markus Loeser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lieselotte Obst-Huebl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Martin Rehwald
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Christopher Schoenwaelder
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Siebold
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Treffert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tim Ziegler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Beyreuther E, Pawelke J, Brand M, Hans S, Hideghéty K, Jansen J, Karsch L, Lessmann E, Löck S, Schürer M, Seco J, Szabo E, Schramm U. OC-0094 Beam pulse structure affects the magnitude of Flash effect in zebrafish embryo. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)02470-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
9
|
Laso Garcia A, Hannasch A, Molodtsova M, Ferrari A, Couperus Cadabağ JP, Downer MC, Irman A, Kraft SD, Metzkes-Ng J, Naumann L, Prencipe I, Schramm U, Zeil K, Zgadzaj R, Ziegler T, Cowan TE. Calorimeter with Bayesian unfolding of spectra of high-flux broadband x rays. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:043102. [PMID: 35489906 DOI: 10.1063/5.0078443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a multipurpose differential x-ray calorimeter with a broad energy bandwidth. The absorber architecture is combined with a Bayesian unfolding algorithm to unfold high energy x-ray spectra generated in high-intensity laser-matter interactions. Particularly, we show how to extract absolute energy spectra and how our unfolding algorithm can reconstruct features not included in the initial guess. The performance of the calorimeter is evaluated via Monte Carlo generated data. The method accuracy to reconstruct electron temperatures from bremsstrahlung is shown to be 5% for electron temperatures from 1 to 50 MeV. We study bremsstrahlung generated in solid target interaction showing an electron temperature of 0.56 ± 0.04 MeV for a 700 μm Ti titanium target and 0.53 ± 0.03 MeV for a 50 μm target. We investigate bremsstrahlung from a target irradiated by laser-wakefield accelerated electrons showing an endpoint energy of 551 ± 5 MeV, inverse Compton generated x rays with a peak energy of 1.1 MeV, and calibrated radioactive sources. The total energy range covered by all these sources ranges from 10 keV to 551 MeV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Laso Garcia
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - A Hannasch
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1081, USA
| | - M Molodtsova
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - A Ferrari
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - J P Couperus Cadabağ
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - M C Downer
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1081, USA
| | - A Irman
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - S D Kraft
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - J Metzkes-Ng
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - L Naumann
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - I Prencipe
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - U Schramm
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - K Zeil
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - R Zgadzaj
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1081, USA
| | - T Ziegler
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - T E Cowan
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Beyreuther E, Brack FE, Brüchner K, Hans S, Jansen J, Karsch L, Kroll F, Lessmann E, Löck S, Metzkes-Ng J, Pawelke J, Reimold M, Schramm U, Szabó R, Zeil K. FLASH Modalities Track (Oral Presentations) ULTRA-HIGH DOSE RATE PROTON RADIOBIOLOGY AT THE “DRESDEN PLATFORM FOR HIGH DOSE-RATE RADIOBIOLOGY”. Phys Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)01476-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
11
|
Gerlach S, Balling F, Anna-Katharina S, Brack FE, Kirsch L, Kroll F, Schramm U, Zeil K, Assmann W, Parodi K, Schreiber J. PARTICLE DOSIMETRY FOR PULSED ULTRA-HIGH PEAK DOSE RATES: THE I-BEAT DETECTOR. Phys Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)01580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
12
|
Zastrau U, Appel K, Baehtz C, Baehr O, Batchelor L, Berghäuser A, Banjafar M, Brambrink E, Cerantola V, Cowan TE, Damker H, Dietrich S, Di Dio Cafiso S, Dreyer J, Engel HO, Feldmann T, Findeisen S, Foese M, Fulla-Marsa D, Göde S, Hassan M, Hauser J, Herrmannsdörfer T, Höppner H, Kaa J, Kaever P, Knöfel K, Konôpková Z, Laso García A, Liermann HP, Mainberger J, Makita M, Martens EC, McBride EE, Möller D, Nakatsutsumi M, Pelka A, Plueckthun C, Prescher C, Preston TR, Röper M, Schmidt A, Seidel W, Schwinkendorf JP, Schoelmerich MO, Schramm U, Schropp A, Strohm C, Sukharnikov K, Talkovski P, Thorpe I, Toncian M, Toncian T, Wollenweber L, Yamamoto S, Tschentscher T. The High Energy Density Scientific Instrument at the European XFEL. J Synchrotron Radiat 2021; 28:1393-1416. [PMID: 34475288 PMCID: PMC8415338 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521007335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The European XFEL delivers up to 27000 intense (>1012 photons) pulses per second, of ultrashort (≤50 fs) and transversely coherent X-ray radiation, at a maximum repetition rate of 4.5 MHz. Its unique X-ray beam parameters enable groundbreaking experiments in matter at extreme conditions at the High Energy Density (HED) scientific instrument. The performance of the HED instrument during its first two years of operation, its scientific remit, as well as ongoing installations towards full operation are presented. Scientific goals of HED include the investigation of extreme states of matter created by intense laser pulses, diamond anvil cells, or pulsed magnets, and ultrafast X-ray methods that allow their diagnosis using self-amplified spontaneous emission between 5 and 25 keV, coupled with X-ray monochromators and optional seeded beam operation. The HED instrument provides two target chambers, X-ray spectrometers for emission and scattering, X-ray detectors, and a timing tool to correct for residual timing jitter between laser and X-ray pulses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Zastrau
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Karen Appel
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Carsten Baehtz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf eV, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Baehr
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf eV, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Mohammadreza Banjafar
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf eV, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas E. Cowan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf eV, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Horst Damker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Jörn Dreyer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf eV, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Olaf Engel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf eV, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Manon Foese
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Mohammed Hassan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf eV, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Hauser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf eV, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Hauke Höppner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf eV, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Kaa
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Peter Kaever
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf eV, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Klaus Knöfel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf eV, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Jona Mainberger
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mikako Makita
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Emma E. McBride
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Dominik Möller
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf eV, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Pelka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf eV, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Michael Röper
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Seidel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf eV, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Ulrich Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf eV, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Schropp
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter Talkovski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ian Thorpe
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Monika Toncian
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf eV, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Toma Toncian
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf eV, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Shingo Yamamoto
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf eV, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hannasch A, Laso Garcia A, LaBerge M, Zgadzaj R, Köhler A, Couperus Cabadağ JP, Zarini O, Kurz T, Ferrari A, Molodtsova M, Naumann L, Cowan TE, Schramm U, Irman A, Downer MC. Compact spectroscopy of keV to MeV X-rays from a laser wakefield accelerator. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14368. [PMID: 34257331 PMCID: PMC8277848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We reconstruct spectra of secondary X-rays from a tunable 250–350 MeV laser wakefield electron accelerator from single-shot X-ray depth-energy measurements in a compact (7.5 × 7.5 × 15 cm), modular X-ray calorimeter made of alternating layers of absorbing materials and imaging plates. X-rays range from few-keV betatron to few-MeV inverse Compton to > 100 MeV bremsstrahlung emission, and are characterized both individually and in mixtures. Geant4 simulations of energy deposition of single-energy X-rays in the stack generate an energy-vs-depth response matrix for a given stack configuration. An iterative reconstruction algorithm based on analytic models of betatron, inverse Compton and bremsstrahlung photon energy distributions then unfolds X-ray spectra, typically within a minute. We discuss uncertainties, limitations and extensions of both measurement and reconstruction methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Hannasch
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1081, USA
| | - A Laso Garcia
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - M LaBerge
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1081, USA.,The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - R Zgadzaj
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1081, USA
| | - A Köhler
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - J P Couperus Cabadağ
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - O Zarini
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - T Kurz
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Ferrari
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Molodtsova
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - L Naumann
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - T E Cowan
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - U Schramm
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Irman
- The Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Radiation Physics, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - M C Downer
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712-1081, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Millar NL, Mcinnes I, Mindeholm L, Seroutou A, Praestgaard J, Schramm U, Levitch R, Weber E, Laurent D, Rosen J, Schett G, Roubenoff R, Schieker M. POS0020 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF SECUKINUMAB IN PATIENTS WITH ROTATOR CUFF TENDINOPATHY: A 24-WEEK, RANDOMISED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED, PHASE II PROOF-OF-CONCEPT TRIAL. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:Rotator cuff tendinopathy (RC TP) is a multifactorial condition and one of the most common causes of musculoskeletal burden. Current standard of care (SoC) is limited to pain relief with NSAIDs and physiotherapy. Recent evidence indicates that IL-17A-expressing tendon-resident immune cells are present in human overuse tendinopathy, and IL-17A levels are increased in early human tendinopathic tissue samples [1, 2]. Secukinumab (SEC) is a fully human, monoclonal antibody that binds to and neutralises IL-17A.Objectives:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of SEC in patients with active overuse RC TP refractory to oral NSAIDs/acetaminophen, physiotherapy or corticosteroid injections.Methods:96 patients with symptomatic RC TP with no or <50% rupture were randomly assigned to receive seven subcutaneous injections of SEC 300 mg or placebo (PBO) at baseline and Weeks 1, 2 and 3, followed by every 4 weeks starting at Week 4. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) index score at Week 14 for SEC vs PBO (two-sided p<0.1). Secondary endpoints included, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (QuickDASH) score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Evaluation Form (ASES), EQ-5D-5L score and patient global assessment (PGA) score. All endpoints were assessed through 24 weeks.Results:Clinically relevant improvement in both SEC and PBO groups on top of SoC treatment was observed, with no statistically significant difference demonstrated in the full study population on physical symptoms and function (Table 1). Similar results were observed in the secondary endpoints with marked improvement in both groups over time. Exploratory post-hoc analyses in a subpopulation of 39% of the study subjects with non-acute, moderate to severe disease, SEC provided significant and clinically relevant improvements vs PBO through Week 24 in total WORC score (overall treatment difference: 19.2, p <0.01) and pain (VAS, overall treatment difference: 15, p = 0.02) with early effect observed after two weeks (Figure 1). A favourable treatment effect in the more severe subgroup was demonstrated in other patient-reported outcomes. No serious adverse events were reported.Conclusion:Although SEC did not demonstrate a significant benefit vs PBO in the overall patient population with active overuse RC TP, SEC did provide benefit in the subpopulation with non-acute, moderate to severe disease. Larger clinical trials of SEC in this area are warranted.References:[1]Millar NL, et al. Sci Rep. 2016;6:27149.[2]Millar NL, et al. Nat Rev Rheumatol.2017;13:110-122.Table 1.Change from baseline in the SEC versus PBO groups in WORC index and pain (VAS)VisitSEC 300 mgPBOp-valueTotal treated population N=96WORC Index percentage score (0 worst -100 best)aDay 2922.3519.490.45Day 9937.0037.770.87Day 16943.4140.970.64Pain (VAS, 0 best - 100 worst)bDay 29−26.04−23.130.57Day 99−46.11−40.560.28Day 169−52.23−50.740.78Post-hoc population* N=37WORC Index percentage score (0 worst - 100 best)cDay 2930.0910.840.002Day 9948.2631.830.048Day 16955.9835.240.028Pain (VAS, 0 best - 100 worst)dDay 29−29.20−14.850.125Day 99−51.48−35.370.045Day 169−57.01−46.640.217aDay 1: SEC 42.47, PBO 40.47; bSEC 67.04, PBO 64.85; cSEC 35.93, PBO 32.90, dSEC 71.72, PBO 67.58. Day 1 values are given as absolute values to describe baseline WORC/Pain status*Post-hoc subpopulation: Baseline: (Disease duration 2-6 months) AND (WORC ≤40 OR Tear Thickness (Bauer) ≥1 OR Sein ≥2)PBO, placebo; SEC, secukinumab; SoC, standard of care; WORC, Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index; VAS, visual analogue scaleFigure 1.Post-hoc analysis of function (WORC) in the treatment groups in non-acute, moderate to severe subpopulationSECSE, standard error; SEC, secukinumab; WORC, Western Ontario Rotator Cuff IndexDisclosure of Interests:Neal L Millar Grant/research support from: Honoraria or research funding from Novartis and Stryker, Iain McInnes Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Linda Mindeholm Employee of: Employee of Novartis, Abdelkader Seroutou Employee of: Employee of Novartis, Jens Praestgaard Employee of: Employee of Novartis, Ursula Schramm Employee of: Employee of Novartis, Rafael Levitch Employee of: Employee of Novartis, Eckhard Weber Employee of: Employee of Novartis, Didier Laurent Employee of: Employee of Novartis, Jeffrey Rosen Consultant of: Research advisor for Novartis, Georg Schett Speakers bureau: Received speakers honoraria from Abbvie, Amgen, BMS, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Janssen, Novartis, UCB, Ronenn Roubenoff Employee of: Employee of Novartis, Matthias Schieker Employee of: Employee of Novartis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Loeser M, Bernert C, Albach D, Zeil K, Schramm U, Siebold M. Compact millijoule Yb 3+:CaF 2 laser with 162 fs pulses. Opt Express 2021; 29:9199-9206. [PMID: 33820352 DOI: 10.1364/oe.418319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on a compact diode-pumped, chirped pulse regenerative amplifier system with a pulse duration of 162 fs and an output pulse energy of 1 mJ before as well as 910 µJ after compression optimized for the probing of ultrafast relativistic laser-plasma processes. A chirped volume Bragg grating (CVBG) acts as a combined pulse stretcher/compressor representing a robust solution for a CPA laser system in the millijoule range. Yb3+:CaF2 is used as gain medium to support a large bandwidth of 16 nm (FWHM) when spectral gain shaping is applied. Chirped mirrors compensate for any additional dispersion introduced to the system.
Collapse
|
16
|
Brack FE, Kroll F, Gaus L, Bernert C, Beyreuther E, Cowan TE, Karsch L, Kraft S, Kunz-Schughart LA, Lessmann E, Metzkes-Ng J, Obst-Huebl L, Pawelke J, Rehwald M, Schlenvoigt HP, Schramm U, Sobiella M, Szabó ER, Ziegler T, Zeil K. Publisher Correction: Spectral and spatial shaping of laser-driven proton beams using a pulsed high-field magnet beamline. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13403. [PMID: 32753596 PMCID: PMC7403415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69874-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Florian-Emanuel Brack
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany. .,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Florian Kroll
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lennart Gaus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Constantin Bernert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elke Beyreuther
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas E Cowan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Leonhard Karsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Kraft
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Leoni A Kunz-Schughart
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Lieselotte Obst-Huebl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jörg Pawelke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Rehwald
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Emília Rita Szabó
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged, 6728, Hungary
| | - Tim Ziegler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lumpkin AH, LaBerge M, Rule DW, Zgadzaj R, Hannasch A, Zarini O, Bowers B, Irman A, Couperus Cabadağ JP, Debus A, Köhler A, Schramm U, Downer MC. Coherent Optical Signatures of Electron Microbunching in Laser-Driven Plasma Accelerators. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:014801. [PMID: 32678646 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.014801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report observations of coherent optical transition radiation interferometry (COTRI) patterns generated by microbunched ∼200-MeV electrons as they emerge from a laser-driven plasma accelerator. The divergence of the microbunched portion of electrons, deduced by comparison to a COTRI model, is ∼9× smaller than the ∼3 mrad ensemble beam divergence, while the radius of the microbunched beam, obtained from COTR images on the same shot, is <3 μm. The combined results show that the microbunched distribution has estimated transverse normalized emittance ∼0.4 mm mrad.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A H Lumpkin
- Accelerator Division, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M LaBerge
- Physics Department, University of Texas-Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - D W Rule
- Silver Spring, Maryland 20904, USA
| | - R Zgadzaj
- Physics Department, University of Texas-Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - A Hannasch
- Physics Department, University of Texas-Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - O Zarini
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - B Bowers
- Physics Department, University of Texas-Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - A Irman
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - J P Couperus Cabadağ
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Debus
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Köhler
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - U Schramm
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - M C Downer
- Physics Department, University of Texas-Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Brack FE, Kroll F, Gaus L, Bernert C, Beyreuther E, Cowan TE, Karsch L, Kraft S, Kunz-Schughart LA, Lessmann E, Metzkes-Ng J, Obst-Huebl L, Pawelke J, Rehwald M, Schlenvoigt HP, Schramm U, Sobiella M, Szabó ER, Ziegler T, Zeil K. Spectral and spatial shaping of laser-driven proton beams using a pulsed high-field magnet beamline. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9118. [PMID: 32499539 PMCID: PMC7272427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65775-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Intense laser-driven proton pulses, inherently broadband and highly divergent, pose a challenge to established beamline concepts on the path to application-adapted irradiation field formation, particularly for 3D. Here we experimentally show the successful implementation of a highly efficient (50% transmission) and tuneable dual pulsed solenoid setup to generate a homogeneous (laterally and in depth) volumetric dose distribution (cylindrical volume of 5 mm diameter and depth) at a single pulse dose of 0.7 Gy via multi-energy slice selection from the broad input spectrum. The experiments were conducted at the Petawatt beam of the Dresden Laser Acceleration Source Draco and were aided by a predictive simulation model verified by proton transport studies. With the characterised beamline we investigated manipulation and matching of lateral and depth dose profiles to various desired applications and targets. Using an adapted dose profile, we performed a first proof-of-technical-concept laser-driven proton irradiation of volumetric in-vitro tumour tissue (SAS spheroids) to demonstrate concurrent operation of laser accelerator, beam shaping, dosimetry and irradiation procedure of volumetric biological samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian-Emanuel Brack
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany. .,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Florian Kroll
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lennart Gaus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Constantin Bernert
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elke Beyreuther
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas E Cowan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Leonhard Karsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Kraft
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Leoni A Kunz-Schughart
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), partner site Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Lieselotte Obst-Huebl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Jörg Pawelke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Rehwald
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Emília Rita Szabó
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged, H-6728, Hungary
| | - Tim Ziegler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Martinez de la Ossa A, Assmann RW, Bussmann M, Corde S, Couperus Cabadağ JP, Debus A, Döpp A, Ferran Pousa A, Gilljohann MF, Heinemann T, Hidding B, Irman A, Karsch S, Kononenko O, Kurz T, Osterhoff J, Pausch R, Schöbel S, Schramm U. Hybrid LWFA-PWFA staging as a beam energy and brightness transformer: conceptual design and simulations. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2019; 377:20180175. [PMID: 31230579 PMCID: PMC6602909 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a conceptual design for a hybrid laser-driven plasma wakefield accelerator (LWFA) to beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerator (PWFA). In this set-up, the output beams from an LWFA stage are used as input beams of a new PWFA stage. In the PWFA stage, a new witness beam of largely increased quality can be produced and accelerated to higher energies. The feasibility and the potential of this concept is shown through exemplary particle-in-cell simulations. In addition, preliminary simulation results for a proof-of-concept experiment in Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (Germany) are shown. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - R. W. Assmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Bussmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - S. Corde
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS - École Polytechnique - Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | | | - A. Debus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A. Döpp
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A. Ferran Pousa
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. F. Gilljohann
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - T. Heinemann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
| | - B. Hidding
- Department of Physics, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, UK
| | - A. Irman
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - S. Karsch
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - O. Kononenko
- LOA, ENSTA ParisTech - CNRS - École Polytechnique - Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - T. Kurz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - J. Osterhoff
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. Pausch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - S. Schöbel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - U. Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf HZDR, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Obst-Huebl L, Ziegler T, Brack FE, Branco J, Bussmann M, Cowan TE, Curry CB, Fiuza F, Garten M, Gauthier M, Göde S, Glenzer SH, Huebl A, Irman A, Kim JB, Kluge T, Kraft SD, Kroll F, Metzkes-Ng J, Pausch R, Prencipe I, Rehwald M, Roedel C, Schlenvoigt HP, Schramm U, Zeil K. All-optical structuring of laser-driven proton beam profiles. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5292. [PMID: 30546015 PMCID: PMC6294339 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07756-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme field gradients intrinsic to relativistic laser-interactions with thin solid targets enable compact MeV proton accelerators with unique bunch characteristics. Yet, direct control of the proton beam profile is usually not possible. Here we present a readily applicable all-optical approach to imprint detailed spatial information from the driving laser pulse onto the proton bunch. In a series of experiments, counter-intuitively, the spatial profile of the energetic proton bunch was found to exhibit identical structures as the fraction of the laser pulse passing around a target of limited size. Such information transfer between the laser pulse and the naturally delayed proton bunch is attributed to the formation of quasi-static electric fields in the beam path by ionization of residual gas. Essentially acting as a programmable memory, these fields provide access to a higher level of proton beam manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lieselotte Obst-Huebl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany. .,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Tim Ziegler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian-Emanuel Brack
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - João Branco
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bussmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas E Cowan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chandra B Curry
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.,University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Frederico Fiuza
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Marco Garten
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maxence Gauthier
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Sebastian Göde
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Siegfried H Glenzer
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Axel Huebl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Arie Irman
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jongjin B Kim
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Thomas Kluge
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan D Kraft
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Kroll
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Josefine Metzkes-Ng
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Richard Pausch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Irene Prencipe
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Rehwald
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kurz T, Couperus JP, Krämer JM, Ding H, Kuschel S, Köhler A, Zarini O, Hollatz D, Schinkel D, D'Arcy R, Schwinkendorf JP, Osterhoff J, Irman A, Schramm U, Karsch S. Calibration and cross-laboratory implementation of scintillating screens for electron bunch charge determination. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:093303. [PMID: 30278695 DOI: 10.1063/1.5041755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We revise the calibration of scintillating screens commonly used to detect relativistic electron beams with low average current, e.g., from laser-plasma accelerators, based on new and expanded measurements that include higher charge density and different types of screens than previous work [Buck et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 033301 (2010)]. Electron peak charge densities up to 10 nC/mm2 were provided by focused picosecond-long electron beams delivered by the Electron Linac for beams with high Brilliance and low Emittance (ELBE) at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf. At low charge densities, a linear scintillation response was found, followed by the onset of saturation in the range of nC/mm2. The absolute calibration factor (photons/sr/pC) in this linear regime was measured to be almost a factor of 2 lower than that reported by Buck et al. retrospectively implying a higher charge in the charge measurements performed with the former calibration. A good agreement was found with the results provided by Glinec et al. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 103301 (2006)]. Furthermore long-term irradiation tests with an integrated dose of approximately 50 nC/mm2 indicate a significant decrease of the scintillation efficiency over time. Finally, in order to enable the transfer of the absolute calibration between laboratories, a new constant reference light source has been developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kurz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Jakob Matthias Krämer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hao Ding
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Köhler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Omid Zarini
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - David Schinkel
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Richard D'Arcy
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Jens Osterhoff
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arie Irman
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Karsch
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jahn D, Träger M, Kis M, Brabetz C, Schumacher D, Blažević A, Ciobanu M, Pomorski M, Bonnes U, Busold S, Kroll F, Brack FE, Schramm U, Roth M. Chemical-vapor deposited ultra-fast diamond detectors for temporal measurements of ion bunches. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:093304. [PMID: 30278706 DOI: 10.1063/1.5048667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This article reports on the development of thin diamond detectors and their characterization for their application in temporal profile measurements of subnanosecond ion bunches. Two types of diamonds were used: a 20 μm thin polycrystalline chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond and a membrane with a thickness of (5 ± 1) μm etched out of a single crystal (sc) CVD diamond. The combination of a small detector electrode and an impedance matched signal outlet leads to excellent time response properties with a signal pulse resolution (FWHM) of τ = (113 ± 11) ps. Such a fast diamond detector is a perfect device for the time of flight measurements of MeV ions with bunch durations in the subnanosecond regime. The scCVD diamond membrane detector was successfully implemented within the framework of the laser ion generation handling and transport project, in which ion beams are accelerated via a laser-driven source and shaped with conventional accelerator technology. The detector was used to measure subnanosecond proton bunches with an intensity of 108 protons per bunch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Jahn
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstraße 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Träger
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Kis
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Brabetz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Schumacher
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Blažević
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Ciobanu
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Pomorski
- CEA-LIST, Diamond Sensors Laboratory, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
| | - U Bonnes
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstraße 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Busold
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Kroll
- Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 13, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - F-E Brack
- Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 13, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - U Schramm
- Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstr. 13, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Roth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schloßgartenstraße 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pausch R, Bussmann M, Huebl A, Schramm U, Steiniger K, Widera R, Debus A. Identifying the linear phase of the relativistic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and measuring its growth rate via radiation. Phys Rev E 2018; 96:013316. [PMID: 29347084 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.013316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
For the relativistic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI), which occurs at shear interfaces between two plasma streams, we report results on the polarized radiation over all observation directions and frequencies emitted by the plasma electrons from ab initio kinetic simulations. We find the polarization of the radiation to provide a clear signature for distinguishing the linear phase of the KHI from its other phases. During the linear phase, we predict the growth rate of the KHI radiation power to match the growth rate of the KHI to a high degree. Our predictions are based on a model of the vortex dynamics, which describes the electron motion in the vicinity of the shear interface between the two streams. Albeit the complex and turbulent dynamics happening in the shear region, we find excellent agreement between our model and large-scale particle-in-cell simulations. Our findings pave the way for identifying the KHI linear regime and for measuring its growth rate in astrophysical jets observable on earth as well as in laboratory plasmas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Pausch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Bussmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Huebl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - U Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - K Steiniger
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - R Widera
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - A Debus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Karsch L, Beyreuther E, Enghardt W, Gotz M, Masood U, Schramm U, Zeil K, Pawelke J. Towards ion beam therapy based on laser plasma accelerators. Acta Oncol 2017; 56:1359-1366. [PMID: 28828925 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2017.1355111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Only few ten radiotherapy facilities worldwide provide ion beams, in spite of their physical advantage of better achievable tumor conformity of the dose compared to conventional photon beams. Since, mainly the large size and high costs hinder their wider spread, great efforts are ongoing to develop more compact ion therapy facilities. One promising approach for smaller facilities is the acceleration of ions on micrometre scale by high intensity lasers. Laser accelerators deliver pulsed beams with a low pulse repetition rate, but a high number of ions per pulse, broad energy spectra and high divergences. A clinical use of a laser based ion beam facility requires not only a laser accelerator providing beams of therapeutic quality, but also new approaches for beam transport, dosimetric control and tumor conformal dose delivery procedure together with the knowledge of the radiobiological effectiveness of laser-driven beams. Over the last decade research was mainly focused on protons and progress was achieved in all important challenges. Although currently the maximum proton energy is not yet high enough for patient irradiation, suggestions and solutions have been reported for compact beam transport and dose delivery procedures, respectively, as well as for precise dosimetric control. Radiobiological in vitro and in vivo studies show no indications of an altered biological effectiveness of laser-driven beams. Laser based facilities will hardly improve the availability of ion beams for patient treatment in the next decade. Nevertheless, there are possibilities for a need of laser based therapy facilities in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard Karsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Enghardt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
| | - Malte Gotz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Umar Masood
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Pawelke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Couperus JP, Pausch R, Köhler A, Zarini O, Krämer JM, Garten M, Huebl A, Gebhardt R, Helbig U, Bock S, Zeil K, Debus A, Bussmann M, Schramm U, Irman A. Demonstration of a beam loaded nanocoulomb-class laser wakefield accelerator. Nat Commun 2017; 8:487. [PMID: 28887456 PMCID: PMC5591198 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-plasma wakefield accelerators have seen tremendous progress, now capable of producing quasi-monoenergetic electron beams in the GeV energy range with few-femtoseconds bunch duration. Scaling these accelerators to the nanocoulomb range would yield hundreds of kiloamperes peak current and stimulate the next generation of radiation sources covering high-field THz, high-brightness X-ray and γ-ray sources, compact free-electron lasers and laboratory-size beam-driven plasma accelerators. However, accelerators generating such currents operate in the beam loading regime where the accelerating field is strongly modified by the self-fields of the injected bunch, potentially deteriorating key beam parameters. Here we demonstrate that, if appropriately controlled, the beam loading effect can be employed to improve the accelerator's performance. Self-truncated ionization injection enables loading of unprecedented charges of ∼0.5 nC within a mono-energetic peak. As the energy balance is reached, we show that the accelerator operates at the theoretically predicted optimal loading condition and the final energy spread is minimized.Higher beam quality and stability are desired in laser-plasma accelerators for their applications in compact light sources. Here the authors demonstrate in laser plasma wakefield electron acceleration that the beam loading effect can be employed to improve beam quality by controlling the beam charge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Couperus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| | - R Pausch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Köhler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - O Zarini
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - J M Krämer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Garten
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Huebl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - R Gebhardt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - U Helbig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Bock
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - K Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Debus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Bussmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - U Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Irman
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Obst L, Göde S, Rehwald M, Brack FE, Branco J, Bock S, Bussmann M, Cowan TE, Curry CB, Fiuza F, Gauthier M, Gebhardt R, Helbig U, Huebl A, Hübner U, Irman A, Kazak L, Kim JB, Kluge T, Kraft S, Loeser M, Metzkes J, Mishra R, Rödel C, Schlenvoigt HP, Siebold M, Tiggesbäumker J, Wolter S, Ziegler T, Schramm U, Glenzer SH, Zeil K. Efficient laser-driven proton acceleration from cylindrical and planar cryogenic hydrogen jets. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10248. [PMID: 28860614 PMCID: PMC5579044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on recent experimental results deploying a continuous cryogenic hydrogen jet as a debris-free, renewable laser-driven source of pure proton beams generated at the 150 TW ultrashort pulse laser Draco. Efficient proton acceleration reaching cut-off energies of up to 20 MeV with particle numbers exceeding 109 particles per MeV per steradian is demonstrated, showing for the first time that the acceleration performance is comparable to solid foil targets with thicknesses in the micrometer range. Two different target geometries are presented and their proton beam deliverance characterized: cylindrical (∅ 5 μm) and planar (20 μm × 2 μm). In both cases typical Target Normal Sheath Acceleration emission patterns with exponential proton energy spectra are detected. Significantly higher proton numbers in laser-forward direction are observed when deploying the planar jet as compared to the cylindrical jet case. This is confirmed by two-dimensional Particle-in-Cell (2D3V PIC) simulations, which demonstrate that the planar jet proves favorable as its geometry leads to more optimized acceleration conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lieselotte Obst
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Göde
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Martin Rehwald
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian-Emanuel Brack
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - João Branco
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Bock
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bussmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas E Cowan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chandra B Curry
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Frederico Fiuza
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Maxence Gauthier
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - René Gebhardt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Helbig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Huebl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Hübner
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Arie Irman
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lev Kazak
- Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jongjin B Kim
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Thomas Kluge
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Kraft
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Loeser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Josefine Metzkes
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rohini Mishra
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Christian Rödel
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Siebold
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Wolter
- Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tim Ziegler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Siegfried H Glenzer
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Karl Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Schramm U, Bussmann M, Irman A, Siebold M, Zeil K, Albach D, Bernert C, Bock S, Brack F, Branco J, Couperus JP, Cowan TE, Debus A, Eisenmann C, Garten M, Gebhardt R, Grams S, Helbig U, Huebl A, Kluge T, Köhler A, Krämer JM, Kraft S, Kroll F, Kuntzsch M, Lehnert U, Loeser M, Metzkes J, Michel P, Obst L, Pausch R, Rehwald M, Sauerbrey R, Schlenvoigt HP, Steiniger K, Zarini O. First results with the novel petawatt laser acceleration facility in Dresden. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/874/1/012028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
28
|
Walker PA, Alesini PD, Alexandrova AS, Anania MP, Andreev NE, Andriyash I, Aschikhin A, Assmann RW, Audet T, Bacci A, Barna IF, Beaton A, Beck A, Beluze A, Bernhard A, Bielawski S, Bisesto FG, Boedewadt J, Brandi F, Bringer O, Brinkmann R, Bründermann E, Büscher M, Bussmann M, Bussolino GC, Chance A, Chanteloup JC, Chen M, Chiadroni E, Cianchi A, Clarke J, Cole J, Couprie ME, Croia M, Cros B, Dale J, Dattoli G, Delerue N, Delferriere O, Delinikolas P, Dias J, Dorda U, Ertel K, Ferran Pousa A, Ferrario M, Filippi F, Fils J, Fiorito R, Fonseca RA, Galimberti M, Gallo A, Garzella D, Gastinel P, Giove D, Giribono A, Gizzi LA, Grüner FJ, Habib AF, Haefner LC, Heinemann T, Hidding B, Holzer BJ, Hooker SM, Hosokai T, Irman A, Jaroszynski DA, Jaster-Merz S, Joshi C, Kaluza MC, Kando M, Karger OS, Karsch S, Khazanov E, Khikhlukha D, Knetsch A, Kocon D, Koester P, Kononenko O, Korn G, Kostyukov I, Labate L, Lechner C, Leemans WP, Lehrach A, Li FY, Li X, Libov V, Lifschitz A, Litvinenko V, Lu W, Maier AR, Malka V, Manahan GG, Mangles SPD, Marchetti B, Marocchino A, Martinez de la Ossa A, Martins JL, Massimo F, Mathieu F, Maynard G, Mehrling TJ, Molodozhentsev AY, Mosnier A, Mostacci A, Mueller AS, Najmudin Z, Nghiem PAP, Nguyen F, Niknejadi P, Osterhoff J, Papadopoulos D, Patrizi B, Pattathil R, Petrillo V, Pocsai MA, Poder K, Pompili R, Pribyl L, Pugacheva D, Romeo S, Rossi AR, Roussel E, Sahai AA, Scherkl P, Schramm U, Schroeder CB, Schwindling J, Scifo J, Serafini L, Sheng ZM, Silva LO, Silva T, Simon C, Sinha U, Specka A, Streeter MJV, Svystun EN, Symes D, Szwaj C, Tauscher G, Thomas AGR, Thompson N, Toci G, Tomassini P, Vaccarezza C, Vannini M, Vieira JM, Villa F, Wahlström CG, Walczak R, Weikum MK, Welsch CP, Wiemann C, Wolfenden J, Xia G, Yabashi M, Yu L, Zhu J, Zigler A. Horizon 2020 EuPRAXIA design study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/874/1/012029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
29
|
Masood U, Cowan TE, Enghardt W, Hofmann KM, Karsch L, Kroll F, Schramm U, Wilkens JJ, Pawelke J. A light-weight compact proton gantry design with a novel dose delivery system for broad-energetic laser-accelerated beams. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:5531-5555. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa7124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
30
|
Oksenhendler T, Bizouard P, Albert O, Bock S, Schramm U. High dynamic, high resolution and wide range single shot temporal pulse contrast measurement. Opt Express 2017; 25:12588-12600. [PMID: 28786614 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.012588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel apparatus for the single-shot measurement of the temporal pulse contrast of modern ultra-short pulse lasers is presented, based on a simple yet conceptual refinement of the self-referenced spectral interferometry (SRSI) approach. The introduction of the spatial equivalent of a temporal delay by tilted beams analyzed with a high quality imaging spectrometer, enables unprecedented performance in dynamic, temporal range and resolution simultaneously. Demonstrated consistently in simulation and experiment at the front-end of the PW laser Draco, the full range of the ps temporal contrast defining the quality of relativistic laser-solid interaction could be measured with almost 80 dB dynamic range, 18ps temporal window, and 18fs temporal resolution. Additionally, spatio-temporal coupling as in the case of a pulse front tilt can be quantitatively explored.
Collapse
|
31
|
Göde S, Rödel C, Zeil K, Mishra R, Gauthier M, Brack FE, Kluge T, MacDonald MJ, Metzkes J, Obst L, Rehwald M, Ruyer C, Schlenvoigt HP, Schumaker W, Sommer P, Cowan TE, Schramm U, Glenzer S, Fiuza F. Relativistic Electron Streaming Instabilities Modulate Proton Beams Accelerated in Laser-Plasma Interactions. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:194801. [PMID: 28548516 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.194801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report experimental evidence that multi-MeV protons accelerated in relativistic laser-plasma interactions are modulated by strong filamentary electromagnetic fields. Modulations are observed when a preplasma is developed on the rear side of a μm-scale solid-density hydrogen target. Under such conditions, electromagnetic fields are amplified by the relativistic electron Weibel instability and are maximized at the critical density region of the target. The analysis of the spatial profile of the protons indicates the generation of B>10 MG and E>0.1 MV/μm fields with a μm-scale wavelength. These results are in good agreement with three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations and analytical estimates, which further confirm that this process is dominant for different target materials provided that a preplasma is formed on the rear side with scale length ≳0.13λ_{0}sqrt[a_{0}]. These findings impose important constraints on the preplasma levels required for high-quality proton acceleration for multipurpose applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Göde
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - C Rödel
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - K Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - R Mishra
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Gauthier
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - F-E Brack
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - T Kluge
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - M J MacDonald
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - J Metzkes
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - L Obst
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Rehwald
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - C Ruyer
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - H-P Schlenvoigt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - W Schumaker
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - P Sommer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - T E Cowan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - U Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - S Glenzer
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - F Fiuza
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lühr A, Gantz S, Schellhammer S, Zarini O, Zeil K, Schramm U, Hoffmann A. PV-0421: In-magnet measurement setup for proof-of-concept and commissioning of MR integrated proton therapy. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)30863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
33
|
Karsch L, Beyreuther E, Enghardt W, Gotz M, Hermannsdörfer T, Krause M, Masood U, Pawelke J, Sauerbrey R, Schramm U, Schürer M, Baumann M. Development of laser-driven proton beam therapy. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw392.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
34
|
Masood U, Baumann M, Cowan T, Enghardt W, Herrmannsdörfer T, Karsch L, Kroll F, Schramm U, Schürer M, Pawelke J. Status of the Development of a Novel Compact Proton Therapy Gantry System Based on Pulsed Magnets for Laser-Driven Beams. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.2162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
35
|
Metzkes J, Zeil K, Kraft SD, Karsch L, Sobiella M, Rehwald M, Obst L, Schlenvoigt HP, Schramm U. An online, energy-resolving beam profile detector for laser-driven proton beams. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:083310. [PMID: 27587116 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a scintillator-based online beam profile detector for the characterization of laser-driven proton beams is presented. Using a pixelated matrix with varying absorber thicknesses, the proton beam is spatially resolved in two dimensions and simultaneously energy-resolved. A thin plastic scintillator placed behind the absorber and read out by a CCD camera is used as the active detector material. The spatial detector resolution reaches down to ∼4 mm and the detector can resolve proton beam profiles for up to 9 proton threshold energies. With these detector design parameters, the spatial characteristics of the proton distribution and its cut-off energy can be analyzed online and on-shot under vacuum conditions. The paper discusses the detector design, its characterization and calibration at a conventional proton source, as well as the first detector application at a laser-driven proton source.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Metzkes
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - K Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - S D Kraft
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - L Karsch
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Sobiella
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Rehwald
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - L Obst
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - H-P Schlenvoigt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - U Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Busold S, Schumacher D, Brabetz C, Jahn D, Kroll F, Deppert O, Schramm U, Cowan TE, Blažević A, Bagnoud V, Roth M. Towards highest peak intensities for ultra-short MeV-range ion bunches. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26212024 PMCID: PMC4515640 DOI: 10.1038/srep12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A laser-driven, multi-MeV-range ion beamline has been installed at the GSI Helmholtz center for heavy ion research. The high-power laser PHELIX drives the very short (picosecond) ion acceleration on μm scale, with energies ranging up to 28.4 MeV for protons in a continuous spectrum. The necessary beam shaping behind the source is accomplished by applying magnetic ion lenses like solenoids and quadrupoles and a radiofrequency cavity. Based on the unique beam properties from the laser-driven source, high-current single bunches could be produced and characterized in a recent experiment: At a central energy of 7.8 MeV, up to 5 × 10(8) protons could be re-focused in time to a FWHM bunch length of τ = (462 ± 40) ps via phase focusing. The bunches show a moderate energy spread between 10% and 15% (ΔE/E0 at FWHM) and are available at 6 m distance to the source und thus separated from the harsh laser-matter interaction environment. These successful experiments represent the basis for developing novel laser-driven ion beamlines and accessing highest peak intensities for ultra-short MeV-range ion bunches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Busold
- 1] GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany [2] Helmholtz Institut Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07734 Jena, Germany
| | - Dennis Schumacher
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christian Brabetz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Diana Jahn
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Kernphysik, Schloßgartenstraße 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Florian Kroll
- 1] Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany [2] Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Deppert
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Kernphysik, Schloßgartenstraße 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schramm
- 1] Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany [2] Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas E Cowan
- 1] Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany [2] Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Abel Blažević
- 1] GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany [2] Helmholtz Institut Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07734 Jena, Germany
| | - Vincent Bagnoud
- 1] GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany [2] Helmholtz Institut Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07734 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Roth
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Kernphysik, Schloßgartenstraße 9, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Masood U, Baumann M, Bussmann M, Cowan T, Enghardt W, Herrmannsdoerfer T, Hofmann K, Kaluza M, Karsch L, Kroll F, Schramm U, Schuerer M, Wilkens J, Pawelke J. Development of a Novel Compact Particle Therapy Facility With Laser Driven Ion Beams via Gantry Systems Based on Pulsed Magnets. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
38
|
Masood U, Bussmann M, Cowan T, Enghardt W, Kaluza M, Herrmannsdoerfer T, Krause M, Pawelke J, Sauerbrey R, Schramm U, Baumann M. Development of Laser-Driven Proton Beam Therapy. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu358.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
39
|
Siebold M, Loeser M, Harzendorf G, Nehring H, Tsybin I, Roeser F, Albach D, Schramm U. High-energy diode-pumped D2O-cooled multislab Yb:YAG and Yb:QX-glass lasers. Opt Lett 2014; 39:3611-3614. [PMID: 24978549 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.003611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the lasing performance of a multislab Yb:QX and Yb:YAG laser amplifiers using a facet-cooled design. Di-deuterium oxide (D2O) was used as the coolant flowing between the active slabs with the pump and laser light passing through the very low absorbing heavy-water films. A square pump profile at a maximum intensity of 40 kW/cm2 drove the amplifier with a peak fluence of 5.5 J/cm2 and a pulse duration of 6 ns. We demonstrated a maximum pulse energy of 1 J for each gain medium as well as a repetition rate of 10 Hz for Yb:YAG and 1 Hz for Yb:QX glass, thus showing the feasibility and scalability of directly water-cooled, diode-pumped, high-energy short-pulse lasers.
Collapse
|
40
|
Bolton P, Borghesi M, Brenner C, Carroll D, De Martinis C, Fiorini F, Flacco A, Floquet V, Fuchs J, Gallegos P, Giove D, Green J, Green S, Jones B, Kirby D, McKenna P, Neely D, Nuesslin F, Prasad R, Reinhardt S, Roth M, Schramm U, Scott G, Ter-Avetisyan S, Tolley M, Turchetti G, Wilkens J. Instrumentation for diagnostics and control of laser-accelerated proton (ion) beams. Phys Med 2014; 30:255-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
41
|
Affiliation(s)
- T Kluge
- Helmholtzzentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Körner J, Hein J, Liebetrau H, Seifert R, Klöpfel D, Kahle M, Loeser M, Siebold M, Schramm U, Kaluza MC. Efficient burst mode amplifier for ultra-short pulses based on cryogenically cooled Yb³⁺:CaF₂. Opt Express 2013; 21:29006-29012. [PMID: 24514416 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.029006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel approach for the amplification of high peak power femtosecond laser pulses at a high repetition rate. This approach is based on an all-diode pumped burst mode laser scheme. In this scheme, pulse bursts with a total duration between 1 and 2 ms are be generated and amplified. They contain 50 to 2000 individual pulses equally spaced in time. The individual pulses have an initial duration of 350 fs and are stretched to 50 ps prior to amplification. The amplifier stage is based on Yb3+:CaF2 cooled to 100 K. In this amplifier, a total output energy in excess of 600 mJ per burst at a repetition rate of 10 Hz is demonstrated. For lower repetition rates the total output energy per burst can be scaled up to 915 mJ using a longer pump duration. This corresponds to an efficiency as high as 25% of extracted energy from absorbed pump energy. This is the highest efficiency, which has so far been demonstrated for a pulsed Yb3+:CaF2 amplifier.
Collapse
|
43
|
Jochmann A, Irman A, Bussmann M, Couperus JP, Cowan TE, Debus AD, Kuntzsch M, Ledingham KWD, Lehnert U, Sauerbrey R, Schlenvoigt HP, Seipt D, Stöhlker T, Thorn DB, Trotsenko S, Wagner A, Schramm U. High resolution energy-angle correlation measurement of hard x rays from laser-Thomson backscattering. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:114803. [PMID: 24074095 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.114803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Thomson backscattering of intense laser pulses from relativistic electrons not only allows for the generation of bright x-ray pulses but also for the investigation of the complex particle dynamics at the interaction point. For this purpose a complete spectral characterization of a Thomson source powered by a compact linear electron accelerator is performed with unprecedented angular and energy resolution. A rigorous statistical analysis comparing experimental data to 3D simulations enables, e.g., the extraction of the angular distribution of electrons with 1.5% accuracy and, in total, provides predictive capability for the future high brightness hard x-ray source PHOENIX (photon electron collider for narrow bandwidth intense x rays) and potential gamma-ray sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Jochmann
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany and Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Banerjee S, Koerner J, Siebold M, Yang Q, Ertel K, Mason PD, Phillips PJ, Loeser M, Zhang H, Lu S, Hein J, Schramm U, Kaluza MC, Collier JL. Temperature dependent emission and absorption cross section of Yb3+ doped yttrium lanthanum oxide (YLO) ceramic and its application in diode pumped amplifier. Opt Express 2013; 21 Suppl 4:A726-A734. [PMID: 24104499 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.00a726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Temperature dependent absorption and emission cross-sections of 5 at% Yb(3+) doped yttrium lanthanum oxide (Yb:YLO) ceramic between 80K and 300 K are presented. In addition, we report on the first demonstration of ns pulse amplification in Yb:YLO ceramic. A pulse energy of 102 mJ was extracted from a multi-pass amplifier setup. The amplification bandwidth at room temperature confirms the potential of Yb:YLO ceramic for broad bandwidth amplification at cryogenic temperatures.
Collapse
|
45
|
Metzkes J, Karsch L, Kraft SD, Pawelke J, Richter C, Schürer M, Sobiella M, Stiller N, Zeil K, Schramm U. A scintillator-based online detector for the angularly resolved measurement of laser-accelerated proton spectra. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:123301. [PMID: 23277976 DOI: 10.1063/1.4768672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a new generation of high repetition rate (~10 Hz), high power (~100 TW) laser systems has stimulated intense research on laser-driven sources for fast protons. Considering experimental instrumentation, this development requires online diagnostics for protons to be added to the established offline detection tools such as solid state track detectors or radiochromic films. In this article, we present the design and characterization of a scintillator-based online detector that gives access to the angularly resolved proton distribution along one spatial dimension and resolves 10 different proton energy ranges. Conceived as an online detector for key parameters in laser-proton acceleration, such as the maximum proton energy and the angular distribution, the detector features a spatial resolution of ~1.3 mm and a spectral resolution better than 1.5 MeV for a maximum proton energy above 12 MeV in the current design. Regarding its areas of application, we consider the detector a useful complement to radiochromic films and Thomson parabola spectrometers, capable to give immediate feedback on the experimental performance. The detector was characterized at an electrostatic Van de Graaff tandetron accelerator and tested in a laser-proton acceleration experiment, proving its suitability as a diagnostic device for laser-accelerated protons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Metzkes
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Loeser M, Röser F, Reichelt A, Siebold M, Grimm S, Litzkendorf D, Schwuchow A, Kirchhof J, Schramm U. Broadband, diode pumped Yb:SiO2 multicomponent glass laser. Opt Lett 2012; 37:4029-4031. [PMID: 23027268 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.004029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication, spectroscopic properties, and laser performance of a Yb:SiO(2) multicomponent glass have been investigated in this paper. The glass system composed of SiO(2), Al(2)O(3), and La(2)O(3) excels in terms of a high thermal stress resistance compared to other laser glasses. The laser experiments were conducted with a 3.4 mm thick and 0.9 mol. % Y(2)O(3) doped sample. A maximum slope efficiency of 51%, a maximum optical to optical efficiency of 42%, and a tuning range from 1010-1090 nm was realized. Due to the promising laser properties and a straightforward fabrication technique it may well qualify as an alternative gain medium in high-energy, ultrashort pulse laser systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Loeser
- Helmholtz-Center Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Siebold M, Loeser M, Roeser F, Seltmann M, Harzendorf G, Tsybin I, Linke S, Banerjee S, Mason PD, Phillips PJ, Ertel K, Collier JC, Schramm U. High-energy, ceramic-disk Yb:LuAG laser amplifier. Opt Express 2012; 20:21992-22000. [PMID: 23037349 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.021992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the first short-pulse amplification results to several hundred millijoule energies in ceramic Yb:LuAG. We have demonstrated ns-pulse output from a diode-pumped Yb:LuAG amplifier at a maximum energy of 580 mJ and a peak optical-to-optical efficiency of 28% at 550 mJ. In cavity dumped operation of a nanosecond oscillator we obtained 1 mJ at up to 100 Hz repetition rate. A gain bandwidth of 5.4 nm was achieved at room temperature by measuring the small-signal single-pass gain. Furthermore, we compared our results with Yb:YAG within the same amplifier system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Siebold
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
van den Bussche H, Jahncke-Latteck ÄD, Ernst A, Tetzlaff B, Wiese B, Schramm U. [Satisfied general practitioners and critical nursing staff - problems of interprofessional cooperation in the home care of dementia patients]. Gesundheitswesen 2012; 75:328-33. [PMID: 22932828 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1321754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Analysis of views of general practioners and nurses of interprofessional cooperation between general practititoners and nurses in the ambulatory care of dementia patients is presented. METHODS A survey was carried out among general practitioners and nurses caring for community dwelling dementia patients in Hamburg. RESULTS The majority of GPs and nurses consider interprofessional cooperation to be good and beneficial for their own work. GPs are generally more positive about the quality of cooperation than nurses. Joint sessions for planning and evaluation of care are seldom. Even so, more GPs than nurses evaluate the frequency of these meetings to be sufficient. Although nurses are more critical about the quality of the cooperation with the GPs, they seldom address the GP to express their criticism. CONSEQUENCES To make cooperation work, the matter should be part of the training of both physicians and nurses and the hierarchy between the 2 groups should be reduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H van den Bussche
- Institut für Allgemeinmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zeil K, Metzkes J, Kluge T, Bussmann M, Cowan TE, Kraft SD, Sauerbrey R, Schramm U. Direct observation of prompt pre-thermal laser ion sheath acceleration. Nat Commun 2012; 3:874. [PMID: 22673901 PMCID: PMC3621399 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity laser plasma-based ion accelerators provide unsurpassed field gradients in the megavolt-per-micrometer range. They represent promising candidates for next-generation applications such as ion beam cancer therapy in compact facilities. The weak scaling of maximum ion energies with the square-root of the laser intensity, established for large sub-picosecond class laser systems, motivates the search for more efficient acceleration processes. Here we demonstrate that for ultrashort (pulse duration ~30 fs) highly relativistic (intensity ~1021 W cm−2) laser pulses, the intra-pulse phase of the proton acceleration process becomes relevant, yielding maximum energies of around 20 MeV. Prominent non-target-normal emission of energetic protons, reflecting an engineered asymmetry in the field distribution of promptly accelerated electrons, is used to identify this pre-thermal phase of the acceleration. The relevant timescale reveals the underlying physics leading to the near-linear intensity scaling observed for 100 TW class table-top laser systems. High-intensity laser-plasma ion generation is promising as a compact proton source for applications like ion beam therapy. Using a femtosecond table-top laser system, Zeil et al. show that protons efficiently gain energy in the pre-thermal intra-pulse phase of the generation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Laschinsky L, Baumann M, Beyreuther E, Burris-Mog T, Cowan T, Enghardt W, Kaluza M, Karsch L, Kraft S, Lessmann E, Metzkes J, Nicolai M, Oppelt M, Richter C, Schlenvoigt H, Schramm U, Schürer M, Zeil K, Pawelke J. 164 TOWARD LASER DRIVEN PROTON THERAPY: RESULTS OF THE BASIC TRANSLATIONAL STEP. Radiother Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)70135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|