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Chen VL, Yeh ML, Le AK, Jun M, Saeed WK, Yang JD, Huang CF, Lee HY, Tsai PC, Lee MH, Giama N, Kim NG, Nguyen PP, Dang H, Ali HA, Zhang N, Huang JF, Dai CY, Chuang WL, Roberts LR, Jun DW, Lim YS, Yu ML, Nguyen MH. Anti-viral therapy is associated with improved survival but is underutilised in patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: real-world east and west experience. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 48:44-54. [PMID: 29797518 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. It remains incompletely understood in the real world how anti-viral therapy affects survival after HCC diagnosis. METHODS This was an international multicentre cohort study of 2518 HBV-related HCC cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2015. Cox proportional hazards models were utilised to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% (CI) for anti-viral therapy and cirrhosis on patients' risk of death. RESULTS Approximately, 48% of patients received anti-viral therapy at any time, but only 17% were on therapy at HCC diagnosis (38% at US centres, 11% at Asian centres). Anti-viral therapy would have been indicated for >60% of the patients not on anti-viral therapy based on American criteria. Patients with cirrhosis had lower 5-year survival (34% vs 46%; P < 0.001) while patients receiving anti-viral therapy had increased 5-year survival compared to untreated patients (42% vs 25% with cirrhosis and 58% vs 36% without cirrhosis; P < 0.001 for both). Similar findings were seen for other patient subgroups by cancer stages and cancer treatment types. Anti-viral therapy was associated with a decrease in risk of death, whether started before or after HCC diagnosis (adjusted HR 0.62 and 0.79, respectively; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Anti-viral therapy improved overall survival in patients with HBV-related HCC across cancer stages and treatment types but was underutilised at both US and Asia centres. Expanded use of anti-viral therapy in HBV-related HCC and better linkage-to-care for HBV patients are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M-L Yeh
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - A K Le
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M Jun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - W K Saeed
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - J D Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C-F Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - H Y Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - P-C Tsai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - M-H Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - N Giama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - N G Kim
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - P P Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - H Dang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - H A Ali
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - N Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J-F Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C-Y Dai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - W-L Chuang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - L R Roberts
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D W Jun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y-S Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M-L Yu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - M H Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
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Abstract
The densities of T6 antigen-bearing Langerhans cells in 112 biopsies of human skin from sixteen surgical out-patients and four cadavers were determined for eight anatomical regions. The regional mean densities (+/- s.e.m.) of epidermal Langerhans cells per mm2 were: head and neck, 489 +/- 27; chest, 466 +/- 22; back, 466 +/- 11; upper extremities, 458 +/- 25; lower extremities, 431 +/- 30; buttocks, 411 +/- 11; genitalia, 298 +/- 45; soles, 58 +/- 12. No statistically significant differences were found between any of these Langerhans cell densities except for that of the soles which was lower than those of all other regions (P less than 0.002). No significant differences were detected between the mean densities of patients and cadavers, Caucasians and Hispanics or males and females.
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