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Guerriero C, Fanfarillo R, Mancini P, Sterbini V, Guarguaglini G, Sforna L, Michelucci A, Catacuzzeno L, Tata AM. M2 muscarinic receptors negatively modulate cell migration in human glioblastoma cells. Neurochem Int 2024; 174:105673. [PMID: 38185384 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is a very aggressive human brain tumor. The high growth potential and invasiveness make this tumor surgically and pharmacologically untreatable. Our previous work demonstrated that the activation of the M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M2 mAChRs) inhibited cell proliferation and survival in GB cell lines and in the cancer stem cells derived from human biopsies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of M2 mAChR to modulate cell migration in two different GB cell lines: U87 and U251. By wound healing assay and single cell migration analysis performed by time-lapse microscopy, we demonstrated the ability of M2 mAChRs to negatively modulate cell migration in U251 but not in the U87 cell line. In order to explain the different effects observed in the two cell lines we have evaluated the possible involvement of the intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium (IKCa) channel. IKCa channel is present in the GB cells, and it has been demonstrated to modulate cell migration. Using the perforated patch-clamp technique we have found that selective activation of M2 mAChR significantly reduced functional density of the IKCa current in U251 but not in U87 cells. To understand whether the M2 mAChR mediated reduction of ion channel density in the U251 cell line was relevant for the cell migration impairment, we tested the effects of TRAM-34, a selective inhibitor of the IKCa channel, in wound healing assay. We found that it was able to markedly reduce U251 cell migration and significantly decrease the number of invadopodia-like structure formations. These results suggest that only in U251 cells the reduced cell migration M2 mAChR-mediated might involve, at least in part, the IKCa channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Guerriero
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rachele Fanfarillo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Mancini
- Department Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | - Luigi Sforna
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Antonio Michelucci
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Luigi Catacuzzeno
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy; Research Centre of Neurobiology Daniel Bovet, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Asteriti IA, Polverino F, Stagni V, Sterbini V, Ascanelli C, Naso FD, Mastrangelo A, Rosa A, Paiardini A, Lindon C, Guarguaglini G. AurkA nuclear localization is promoted by TPX2 and counteracted by protein degradation. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201726. [PMID: 36797043 PMCID: PMC9936162 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The AurkA kinase is a well-known mitotic regulator, frequently overexpressed in tumors. The microtubule-binding protein TPX2 controls AurkA activity, localization, and stability in mitosis. Non-mitotic roles of AurkA are emerging, and increased nuclear localization in interphase has been correlated with AurkA oncogenic potential. Still, the mechanisms leading to AurkA nuclear accumulation are poorly explored. Here, we investigated these mechanisms under physiological or overexpression conditions. We observed that AurkA nuclear localization is influenced by the cell cycle phase and nuclear export, but not by its kinase activity. Importantly, AURKA overexpression is not sufficient to determine its accumulation in interphase nuclei, which is instead obtained when AURKA and TPX2 are co-overexpressed or, to a higher extent, when proteasome activity is impaired. Expression analyses show that AURKA, TPX2, and the import regulator CSE1L are co-overexpressed in tumors. Finally, using MCF10A mammospheres we show that TPX2 co-overexpression drives protumorigenic processes downstream of nuclear AurkA. We propose that AURKA/TPX2 co-overexpression in cancer represents a key determinant of AurkA nuclear oncogenic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italia Anna Asteriti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Polverino
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Venturina Stagni
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Signal Transduction Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Sterbini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Davide Naso
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Mastrangelo
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Center for Life Nano- < Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "C. Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Catherine Lindon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giulia Guarguaglini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Bossù P, Toppi E, Sterbini V, Spalletta G. Implication of Aging Related Chronic Neuroinflammation on COVID-19 Pandemic. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E102. [PMID: 32858874 PMCID: PMC7563730 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, leads to a respiratory syndrome and other manifestations. Most affected people show no or mild symptoms, but the risk of severe disease and death increases in older people. Here, we report a narrative review on selected studies targeting aging-related chronic neuroinflammation in the COVID-19 pandemic. A hyperactivation of the innate immune system with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines occurs during severe COVID-19, pointing to an important role of the innate immune dysregulation in the disease outcome. Aging is characterized by a general condition of low-grade inflammation, also connected to chronic inflammation of the brain (neuroinflammation), which is involved in frailty syndrome and contributes to several age-associated diseases, including neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Since neuroinflammation can be induced or worsened by the virus infection itself, as well as by stressful conditions like those linked to the recent pandemic, the role of neuroinflammatory mechanisms could be central in a vicious circle leading to an increase in the mortality risk in aged COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, triggered neuroinflammatory pathways and consequent neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric conditions might be potential long-term complications of COVID-19. In order to provide insights to help clinicians in identifying patients who progress to a more severe case of the disease, this review underlines the potential implications of aging-related neuroinflammation in COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bossù
- Experimental Neuropsycho-Biology Lab, Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso d Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy; (E.T.); (V.S.)
| | - Elisa Toppi
- Experimental Neuropsycho-Biology Lab, Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso d Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy; (E.T.); (V.S.)
| | - Valentina Sterbini
- Experimental Neuropsycho-Biology Lab, Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso d Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy; (E.T.); (V.S.)
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Neuropsychiatry Lab, Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Adeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy;
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Naso FD, Sterbini V, Crecca E, Asteriti IA, Russo AD, Giubettini M, Cundari E, Lindon C, Rosa A, Guarguaglini G. Excess TPX2 Interferes with Microtubule Disassembly and Nuclei Reformation at Mitotic Exit. Cells 2020; 9:E374. [PMID: 32041138 PMCID: PMC7072206 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule-associated protein TPX2 is a key mitotic regulator that contributes through distinct pathways to spindle assembly. A well-characterised function of TPX2 is the activation, stabilisation and spindle localisation of the Aurora-A kinase. High levels of TPX2 are reported in tumours and the effects of its overexpression have been investigated in cancer cell lines, while little is known in non-transformed cells. Here we studied TPX2 overexpression in hTERT RPE-1 cells, using either the full length TPX2 or a truncated form unable to bind Aurora-A, to identify effects that are dependent-or independent-on its interaction with the kinase. We observe significant defects in mitotic spindle assembly and progression through mitosis that are more severe when overexpressed TPX2 is able to interact with Aurora-A. Furthermore, we describe a peculiar, and Aurora-A-interaction-independent, phenotype in telophase cells, with aberrantly stable microtubules interfering with nuclear reconstitution and the assembly of a continuous lamin B1 network, resulting in daughter cells displaying doughnut-shaped nuclei. Our results using non-transformed cells thus reveal a previously uncharacterised consequence of abnormally high TPX2 levels on the correct microtubule cytoskeleton remodelling and G1 nuclei reformation, at the mitosis-to-interphase transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco D. Naso
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.D.N.); (V.S.); (E.C.); (I.A.A.); (A.D.R.); (E.C.)
| | - Valentina Sterbini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.D.N.); (V.S.); (E.C.); (I.A.A.); (A.D.R.); (E.C.)
| | - Elena Crecca
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.D.N.); (V.S.); (E.C.); (I.A.A.); (A.D.R.); (E.C.)
| | - Italia A. Asteriti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.D.N.); (V.S.); (E.C.); (I.A.A.); (A.D.R.); (E.C.)
| | - Alessandra D. Russo
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.D.N.); (V.S.); (E.C.); (I.A.A.); (A.D.R.); (E.C.)
| | - Maria Giubettini
- CrestOptics S.p.A., Via di Torre Rossa 66, 00165 Rome, Italy;
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Enrico Cundari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.D.N.); (V.S.); (E.C.); (I.A.A.); (A.D.R.); (E.C.)
| | - Catherine Lindon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK;
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Guarguaglini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.D.N.); (V.S.); (E.C.); (I.A.A.); (A.D.R.); (E.C.)
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Salani F, Sterbini V, Sacchinelli E, Garramone M, Bossù P. Is Innate Memory a Double-Edge Sword in Alzheimer's Disease? A Reappraisal of New Concepts and Old Data. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1768. [PMID: 31440234 PMCID: PMC6692769 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An emergent concept in immunology suggests that innate immune system is capable to undergo non-specific long-term responses and to provide resistance by modifying the reactivity to sequential pathogen challenge. This phenomenon, named innate memory, involves epigenetic, and metabolic reprogramming of innate immune cells. Current literature shows that the innate memory process has a mainly beneficial role in host defense, but sometimes can exert detrimental effects, as common in many diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and dementia. Accumulating findings demonstrate that inflammation is involved in AD pathogenesis and progression and recent genetic and functional data confirm the driving role of the innate immune component in the disease. Furthermore, AD patients show high burden of the most relevant infectious agents and up-regulation of inflammatory features in their innate immune cells, including an activated, or “primed” status of myeloid phagocytic cells in both brain and periphery, resembling trained immunity conditions. Thus, it is conceivable that AD innate cells may be firstly involved in the attempt to resolve recurrent/persistent inflammation but then acquire a trained phenotype mostly unable to maintain the immune regulation, leaving uncontrolled or sometimes supporting the progression of neurodegeneration. The present review aims to summarize evidence evoking innate immune memory mechanisms in AD, and to interpret their potential role, either protective or harmful, in disease progression. A better understanding of such mechanisms will provide a fertile ground for development of novel diagnostic, and therapeutic pathways in AD cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Salani
- Experimental Neuropsychobiology Lab, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Sterbini
- Experimental Neuropsychobiology Lab, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Bossù
- Experimental Neuropsychobiology Lab, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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