1
|
Mirakovski D, Damevska K, Simeonovski V, Nikolovska S, Boev B, Petrov A, Sijakova Ivanova T, Zendelska A, Hadzi-Nikolova M, Boev I, Dimov G, Darlenski R, Kazandjieva J, Damevska S, Situm M. Use of SEM/EDX Methods for the Analysis of Ambient Particulate Matter Adhering to the Skin Surface. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:1376-1381. [PMID: 35412662 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skin is exposed to numerous particulate and gaseous air pollutants. The ones that need particular attention are the particles that adhere to the skin surface, which can later cause direct skin damage. This study aimed to characterize air pollution (AP) particles adhered to the human skin by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) combined with X-ray Dispersive Energy Spectrometry (EDX). METHODS Tape stripping was performed from six healthy volunteers exposed to urban AP to collect stratum corneum samples from the cheeks and forehead. The samples were analyzed using SEM equipped with EDX system with a silicon drift detector at an accelerating voltage of 20 keV. After the preliminary examination, the particles were located and counted using 1000 x magnification. Each particle was analyzed, increasing magnification up to 5000 x for precise dimension measurement and elemental composition analysis. At least 100 fields or a surface of approximately 1 mm2 were examined. RESULTS Particles adhered to the skin were identified in all samples, with a particle load ranging from 729 to 4525. The average area and perimeter of all particles identified were 302 ± 260 μm2 and 51 ± 23 μm subsequently, while the equivalent circular diameter was, on average, 14 ± 6 μm. The particles were classified into ten groups based on morphology and elemental composition. Chlorides were the most numerous particle group (21.9 %), followed by carbonaceous organic particles (20.3%), silicates (18 %), carbonates (16.4%), metal-rich particles (14%), and a minor number of bioaerosols, quartz-like, and fly ash particles. CONCLUSION The SEM-EDX analysis provides evidence of the contamination of exposed skin to various airborne PM of natural or anthropogenic origin. This method may provide new insights into the link between exposure to AP and AP-induced skin damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Mirakovski
- AMBICON Lab, Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, University Goce Delcev, Sthip, Macedonia
| | - K Damevska
- University Clinic of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Macedonia
| | - V Simeonovski
- University Clinic of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Macedonia
| | - S Nikolovska
- University Clinic of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Macedonia
| | - B Boev
- AMBICON Lab, Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, University Goce Delcev, Sthip, Macedonia
| | - A Petrov
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, Macedonia.,Acibadem Sistina Clinical Hospital, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - T Sijakova Ivanova
- AMBICON Lab, Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, University Goce Delcev, Sthip, Macedonia
| | - A Zendelska
- AMBICON Lab, Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, University Goce Delcev, Sthip, Macedonia
| | - M Hadzi-Nikolova
- AMBICON Lab, Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, University Goce Delcev, Sthip, Macedonia
| | - I Boev
- AMBICON Lab, Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, University Goce Delcev, Sthip, Macedonia
| | - Gorgi Dimov
- AMBICON Lab, Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, University Goce Delcev, Sthip, Macedonia
| | - R Darlenski
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Acibadem City Clinic, Sofia, Bulgaria.,Section of Dermatovenereology, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - J Kazandjieva
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - S Damevska
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Acibadem City Clinic, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M Situm
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Centre Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Damevska K, Simeonovski V. Covid-19 Vaccine Associated Erythema Nodosum: factors to consider. Dermatol Ther 2022; 35:e15410. [PMID: 35218272 PMCID: PMC9111800 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Damevska
- University Clinic for Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Viktor Simeonovski
- University Clinic for Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mirceska A, Damevska K, Simeonovski V, Jović A, Tiodorović D. Neurological and psychiatric comorbidities in bullous pemphigoid. Acta fac medic Naissensis 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/afmnai39-35922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune skin disease that typically presents with severe itching and blistering, with or without eczematous and urticarial lesions. Patients with BP are at an increased risk of comorbid conditions, especially neurologic and psychiatric diseases. Several recent studies have found a link between BP and neurological disorders, especially stroke, dementia, and Parkinson's disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of neurological and psychiatric comorbidities and their treatment in BP patients. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study was conducted based on the analysis of the medical records of 105 patients with confirmed BP. Demographic and clinical data on BP, neurological and psychiatric comorbidities were collected and statistically analyzed for all patients. Results: The median age was 77.8±10.6 years (range, 39-98 years). Among the study group, 71 (67,61%) patients had neurological comorbidity. Comorbidity with the highest frequency was ischemic stroke found in 28 (26,67%) patients, followed by dementia in 27 (25,71%), Alzheimer's in 11 (10,48%) and Parkinson's disease 5 (4,76%) patients. It was noted that there was a statistically significant difference among male and female patients with Alzheimer's disease (p = 0,0046) and psychiatric disorder (p = 0,044). Conclusion: Neurological disorders usually precede the diagnosis of BP, and mortality may be higher in patients with comorbid conditions. Clinicians should be aware of the early signs and symptoms of BP, primarily in patients with primary neurological disorders such as dementia, stroke, or Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
|
4
|
Damevska K, Simeonovski V, Darlenski R, Damevska S. How to prevent skin damage from air pollution part 2: Current treatment options. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e15132. [PMID: 34528361 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the first part of this review, we have summarized the methods used to examine skin exposure to air pollution and the fundamental concept of skin-exposome interactions. Part 2 of this review focuses on dermatoses, whose aggravation or initiation by air pollution has been confirmed in evidence based medicine manner. Based on the model of photodermatology and photodermatoses, we propose a new concept of "polludermatoses." A key feature of this concept is identifying patients at risk, which will reveal the noxious effects of air pollutants on skin health. Identifying clinical signs of pollution-damaged skin could be beneficial in categorizing conditions caused or exacerbated by exposure to air pollution. Finally, we discuss the current treatment options and the pathogenetic processes targeted by these therapeutics or the development of novel treatment modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Damevska
- Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, University Clinic for Dermatology, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Viktor Simeonovski
- Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, University Clinic for Dermatology, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Razvigor Darlenski
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.,Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Simeonovski V, Kostovski M, Gjoric I, Damevska S, Igor P. Acquired lymphangiectasia: a rare mimic of genital warts. Dermatol Online J 2020; 26:13030/qt3hk6b0vq. [PMID: 33423429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired lymphangiectasia of the vulva is very uncommon. Owing to the non-specific papillomatous manifestation and the vast array of possible differential diagnoses, lymphangioma circumscriptum (LC) still presents a diagnostic challenge. In this report, we present a very rare form of acquired vulvar LC in a 71-year-old patient with a longstanding history of asymptomatic lesions over the labia majora that had been previously treated as genital warts. On examination, the patient had multiple clustered translucent papules up to 15mm in diameter, morphologically reminiscent of vesicles, that oozed clear fluid throughout her groin and swollen labia majora. The patient also suffered concomitant bilateral lower-extremity lymphedema. A skin biopsy showed multiple, irregular-shaped lumina containing eosinophilic material in the upper dermis. Dilated lymphatic channels were lined by a single layer of flattened endothelial cells and the overlying epidermis showed acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, focal mild pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia. There is still no consensus on the optimal management of LC. Our patient was referred to a plastic surgeon for further evaluation and treatment. Although there are a variety of therapeutic modalities for LC, positive results are few and relapses are observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Simeonovski
- University Clinic for Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University-Skopje, Skopje.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dimova M, Damevska K, Nikolovska S, Dohcheva-Karajovanov I, Duma S, Kostovski M, Simeonovski V. Pediatric case of lichen planus pigmentosus inversus successfully treated with narrow band ultraviolet B phototherapy. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e14073. [PMID: 32713102 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Dimova
- University Clinic for Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University-Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Katerina Damevska
- University Clinic for Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University-Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Suzana Nikolovska
- University Clinic for Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University-Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Ivana Dohcheva-Karajovanov
- University Clinic for Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University-Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Silvija Duma
- University Clinic for Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University-Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Marko Kostovski
- Institute of Medical Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University- Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Viktor Simeonovski
- University Clinic for Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University-Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bachevski D, Damevska K, Simeonovski V, Dimova M. Back to the basics: Propolis and COVID-19. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13780. [PMID: 32506775 PMCID: PMC7300491 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiological burden of COVID-19 is a healthcare challenge throughout the world, not only in terms of testing the limits of medical capacities, but also as an enigma considering preventive strategies and methods. The upper respiratory tract mucosa is the first line of defense, as a physical barrier, as well as through multiple innate and adaptive immune mechanisms which are crucial for efficient antiviral responses. Identifying methods able to reduce or prevent colonization, viral adhesion, and promote virus shedding on mucous membranes or have the ability to inactivate pathogens and thus reduce virus dose and/or increase immune response would be essential in the management of COVID-19 outbreak and help in flattening the curve. We review the effects of propolis, an old remedy with proven antiviral properties, as a possible low-cost inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 in the oropharyngeal niche, prophylaxis, or adjuvant therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Bachevski
- Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic for Dermatology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Katerina Damevska
- Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic for Dermatology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Viktor Simeonovski
- Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic for Dermatology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Maja Dimova
- Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic for Dermatology, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Damevska K, Neloska L, Simeonovski V, Petrov A, Dimitrovska I, Teovska-Mitrevska N, Najdova A, Pollozhani N. Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on dermatology services: Dermatology in isolation. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13552. [PMID: 32390176 PMCID: PMC7261979 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Damevska
- University Clinic for Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, "Ss. Cyril and Methodius" University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Lence Neloska
- Polyclinic "Gjorche Petrov," PHI Health Center-Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Viktor Simeonovski
- University Clinic for Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, "Ss. Cyril and Methodius" University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Andrej Petrov
- Acibadem Sistina Hospital, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, University "Goce Delchev"-Shtip, Shtip, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Irena Dimitrovska
- Department of Dermatology, City General Hospital "8th of September", Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | | | - Anita Najdova
- University Clinic for Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, "Ss. Cyril and Methodius" University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Nora Pollozhani
- University Clinic for Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, "Ss. Cyril and Methodius" University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Damevska K, Boev B, Mirakovski D, Petrov A, Darlenski R, Simeonovski V. How to prevent skin damage from air pollution. Part 1: Exposure assessment. Dermatol Ther 2019; 33:e13171. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Damevska
- University Clinic of Dermatology, Medical FacultySs Cyril and Methodius University Skopje Macedonia
| | - Blazo Boev
- Faculty of Natural and Technical ScienceGoce Delcev University, Macedonia AMBICON Lab Stip Macedonia
| | - Dejan Mirakovski
- Faculty of Natural and Technical ScienceGoce Delcev University, Macedonia AMBICON Lab Stip Macedonia
| | - Andrej Petrov
- Faculty of Medical SciencesGoce Delcev University Stip Macedonia
- Acibadem Sistina Clinical Hospital Skopje Macedonia
| | - Razvigor Darlenski
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyTrakia University Stara Zagora Bulgaria
- Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda Hospital Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Viktor Simeonovski
- University Clinic of Dermatology, Medical FacultySs Cyril and Methodius University Skopje Macedonia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Simeonovski V, Breshkovska H, Duma S, Dohcheva-Karajovanov I, Damevska K, Nikolovska S. Hydroxyurea Associated Cutaneous Lesions: A Case Report. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018; 6:1458-1461. [PMID: 30159077 PMCID: PMC6108816 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydroxyurea (HU) is an antimetabolite agent that interferes with the S-phase of cellular replication and inhibits DNA synthesis, with little or no effect on RNA or protein synthesis. It is used in the treatment of many myeloproliferative disorders (MD) and is particularly a first line treatment drug for intermediate to high-risk essential thrombocythemia. Although safe and very well tolerated by the patients suffering from MD, there have been numerous reports of a broad palette of cutaneous side effects associated with prolonged intake of the medication. These may include classical symptoms such as xerosis, diffuse hyperpigmentation, brown-nail discolouration, stomatitis and scaling of the face, hands, and feet or more serious side effects such as actinic keratosis lesions, leg ulcers and multiple skin carcinomas. CASE REPORT We report a case of a 52-year-old man, on long-term therapy with HU for essential thrombocytosis, with several concurrent skin lesions. Despite the perennial use of HU, the cutaneous changes were neglected. The local dermatological examination revealed oval perimalleolar ulcer on the right leg, with dimensions 6 x 4 cm, clearly demarcated from the surroundings with regular margins, periulcerous erythema, with very deep and highly fibrinous bed of the ulcer, positive for bacterial infection. The ulcer was treated with topical wound therapy with alginate and parenteral antibiotics. The extended dermatological screening also showed two nummular lesions in the right brachial region, presenting as erythematous papules with sharp margins from the surrounding skin, gritty desquamation and dotted hyperpigmentations inside the lesion. Further dermoscopy and biopsy investigations confirmed a diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma. Nasal actinic keratosis was also noted. The patient was advised for discontinuing or substituting the HU therapy. CONCLUSION We present this case to draw attention to the various cutaneous side effects that occur with perennial HU use and suggest an obligatory reference to a dermatological consult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Simeonovski
- Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Hristina Breshkovska
- University Clinic for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Silvija Duma
- University Clinic for Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Ivana Dohcheva-Karajovanov
- University Clinic for Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Katerina Damevska
- University Clinic for Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Suzana Nikolovska
- University Clinic for Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kostovski M, Simeonovski V, Mironska K, Tasic V, Gucev Z. Metabolic Profiles in Obese Children and Adolescents with Insulin Resistance. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018; 6:511-518. [PMID: 29610610 PMCID: PMC5874375 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In the past several decades, the increasing frequency of overweight and obese children and adolescents in the world has become a public health problem. It has contributed significantly to the already high tide of diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. AIM: To investigate the frequency of insulin resistance and to evaluate the metabolic profile of insulin resistant and non-insulin resistant obese children and adolescents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study included 96 (45 boys, 51 girls) obese children and adolescents aged 4-17 years old (10.50 ± 2.87 years). Only participants with Body Mass Index ≥ 95 percentile were included. We analysed sera for fasting insulin levels (FI), fasting serum triglycerides (TG), total serum cholesterol (TC), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and plasma glucose 2 hours after the performance of the oral glucose tolerance test (2-h G). Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index was calculated as fasting insulin concentration (microunits per millilitre) x fasting glucose concentration (millimolar)/22.5. The value of HOMA-IR above 3.16 was used as a cut-off value for both genders. RESULTS: Insulin resistance was determined in 58.33% of study participants. Insulin resistant participants had significantly higher level of 2-h G (p = 0.02), FI level (p = 0.000) as well as TG levels (p = 0.01), compared to non-insulin resistant group. Strikingly, 70.73% of the pubertal adolescents were insulin resistant in comparison to 49.09% of the preadolescents (p = 0.03). Significantly higher percentage of insulin-resistant participants were girls (p = 0.009). Moreover, a higher percentage of the girls (70.59%) than boys (44.44%) had HOMA-IR above 3.16 and had elevated FI levels (70.59% vs 48.89%). The difference in the frequency of insulin resistance among obese versus severely obese children and adolescents was not significant (p = 0.73, p > 0.05). Our study results also showed positive, but weak, correlation of HOMA-IR with age, FPG, TG and BMI of the participants (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Higher percentage of insulin-resistant participants was of female gender and was adolescents. In general, insulin resistant obese children and adolescents tend to have a worse metabolic profile in comparison to individuals without insulin resistance. It is of note that the highest insulin resistance was also linked with the highest concentrations of triglycerides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Kostovski
- Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Viktor Simeonovski
- Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Kristina Mironska
- University Clinic of Child Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Velibor Tasic
- University Clinic of Child Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Zoran Gucev
- University Clinic of Child Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| |
Collapse
|