Mathematical processing of absorption as green smart spectrophotometric methods for concurrent assay of hepatitis C antiviral drugs, Sofosbuvir and Simeprevir: application to combined pharmaceutical dosage forms and evaluation of the method greenness

The present work was developed to create three rapid, simple, eco-friendly, cheap spectrophotometric methods for concurrent assay of Sofosbuvir (SOF) and Simeprevir (SMV) in their pure, laboratory prepared mixture and pharmaceutical dosage form with high degree of accuracy and precision. Three methods were developed including iso-absorptive point, ratio subtraction and dual wavelength. The linear range of the proposed methods was 3.0-50.0 and 2.0-50.0 µg mL^-1 for SMV and SOF, respectively. The proposed methods were validated according to ICH guidelines in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. The proposed approach is highly simple and the procedure is environmentally green making it suitable for the drug analysis in routine works.

Application of the green analytical procedure index to the simultaneous analysis of co-formulated tinidazole and ciprofloxacin in pure form, tablet dosage form, and human plasma using an environmentally friendly micellar high-performance thin-layer chromatographic technology

In individuals with chronic refractory pouchitis and other gastrointestinal disorders, the combination of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and tinidazole (TIN) is beneficial and safe. As a result, a green micellar high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) approach for the immediate analysis of TIN and CIP in pure, spiked human plasma, and co-formulated tablet dosage form has been developed. It is rapid, extremely easy, sensitive, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. The stationary phase was Merck aluminum HPTLC plates covered with silica gel 60 F254, while the mobile phase was acetone–ethanol–2% watery sodium dodecyl sulfate (3:4:2, V/V). For quantification of both medications, the densitometric scanner was set at 310 nm. For TIN and CIP, this chromatographic separation yielded symmetric, compact peaks with RF values of (0.22 ± 0.009) and (0.42 ± 0.007), respectively. At 310 nm, the separated spots were densitometrically scanned. For TIN and CIP, the detection thresholds were 6.7 ng/band and 25.03 ng/band, respectively. For TIN and CIP, the quantification limits were 20.3 ng/band and 75.25 ng/band, respectively. The approach was validated according to International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) principles and then used to determine the researched medicines in their various pharmaceutical dosage forms, and human plasma yielding an exceptional percent of recovery. In terms of precision and accuracy, the results were in great accordance with the published approach. This method is suitable for the sequential analysis of the two drugs in pure form, tablet dosage forms, and spiked human plasma due to its simplicity, speed, greenness, robustness, and low cost.

An eco-friendly matrix-augmented fluorescence spectroscopic approach for the analysis of mitoxantrone, an oncogenic therapy; application to the dosage form and biological matrices

Mitoxantrone (MXN) is a synthetic anthracenedione oncogenic therapy. It is often prescribed as an anticancer agent to manage a variety of cancers. A green, fast, and easy fluorimetric technique for the assay of MXN as a topoisomerase type II enzyme suppressor. An investigation of MXN's fluorescence behavior in various media and solvents constituted the basis for this new technique. Methanol was shown to enhance the intrinsic fluorescence considerably. After excitation at 610 nm, the highest fluorescence intensity was found at 675 nm. Various experimental parameters, such as media, solvents, and pH levels, were tested and adjusted. ICH (International Conference on Harmonization) guidelines were followed when validating procedures. It was possible to achieve linearity in the 0.02-1.50 μg ml^-1 with the method. The sensitivity (in terms of limit of detection and limit of quantification) was 0.003 and 0.008 μg ml^-1 , indicating low toxicity. As a result, the current technology has a remarkable recovery for detecting residues in diverse bodily fluids. Also, the quantum yield was estimated for the designed system. Finally, the method was rated by eco-scale scoring.

Quantification of tyramine in different types of food using novel green synthesis of ficus carica quantum dots as fluorescent probe

Tyramine (TYM) is catecholamine releasing compound, tyramine rich food causing hypertensive crisis due to combination with monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOIs). So, Analysis of TYM in tyramine rich food (old cheese, cured meat, sausage, pickled olive and canned fish) and environment is very essential for hypertensive patients and improvement food industries. In this work, TYM was analyzed in different types of food using novel green synthesis carbon dots from ficus carica (Fig fruits). The gradual addition of TYM to PA@CQDs led to enhancement of the quantum dots fluorescence due to formation of hydrogen bonding between quantum dots and TYM. The calibration graph plotted in the range 5-400 ng mL^-1 . The method was applied to determination of TYM in different types of food as old cheese, cured meat, sausage, pickled olive and canned fish. The lower limit of quantitation (LOQ) was found to be 1.68 ng mL^-1 . The method successfully applied for the quantification of TYM in varying types of food with high sensitivity and high economic effect due to the reusability of the quantum dots. The optical and morphological characters of quantum dots were studied carefully.

A rapid FTIR spectroscopic assay for quantitative determination of Memantine hydrochloride and Amisulpride in human plasma and pharmaceutical formulations

A selective, new, rapid and nondestructive Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopic assay has been developed for simultaneous determination of Memantine hydrochloride and Amisulpride in human plasma and their pharmaceutical formulations without interference from common dugs excipients. A binary mixture of ME and nonselective β-blocker namely; carvidalol has been determined the solid-state by FTIR spectroscopy for the first time. The linear range had been extent from 1.0 to 8.0 and 1.0 to 10.0 μg/mg, for ME and AMS respectively. The detection limits were 0.29 and 0.23 μg/mg while quantitation limits were 0.90 and 0.71 μg/mg for ME and AMS respectively. The developed assay has been validated according to ICH & USP recommendations and successfully applied for quantitative determination of selected drugs in biological fluid.

Utility of chromogenic property of 2, 2-dihydroxyindane-1, 3-dione for quantification of Memantine hydrochloride in pure, pharmaceutical preparation and application to uniformity testing

Accurate, simple, sensitive, and fast spectrophotometric assay was applied for the quantification of certain anti-Alzheimer drug namely; Memantine hydrochloride, in its bulk and pharmaceutical preparation. The described assay has been established on the reaction between the primary amino moiety of the cited drug and 2,2-dihydroxyindane-1,3-dione reagent in N,N'-dimethylformamide medium in boiling water bath. Which give Ruhemann's purple color that can be determined at λ_max = 595 nm. Beer's law has been obeyed within drug concentration range from 10-120 μg per milliliter. Detection limit and quantitation limit have been 1.6 & 4.9 μg per milliliter respectively. Developed procedure has been validated in agreement with International Conference of Horizon recommendations and applied successfully for detection of cited drug in bulk, pharmaceutical dosage form and content uniformity testing.

A new spectrofluorimetric assay for quantification of Amisulpride and Memantine hydrochloride in real human plasma sample and pharmaceutical formulations via Hantzsch reaction

A new, selective and accurate spectrofluorimetric assay has been described for detection of Amisulpride and Memantine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations and real plasma samples. The described assay depends on the reaction between the primary amino group of the selected drugs with acetyl acetone & formaldehyde in an acetate buffer of pH4.8. The derivatized product showed yellow fluorescence at λ_ex=418nm and λ_em=484.5nm. The calibration graph was linear in the range of 0.05-0.5 and 0.2-1μgmL^-1 for AMS and ME, orderly. The limits of detection were 0.0085 and 0.0153μgmL^-1, and the limits of quantitation were 0.026 and 0.0464μgmL^-1 for AMS and ME respectively. Validation of the described assay was in consonance with ICH guideline. Due to the sensitivity of the prescribed assay, it permits the determination of selected medications in biological sample quantitatively.

A new sensitive approach for spectrofluorimetric assay of Milnacipran and Amisulpride in real plasma and pharmaceutical preparations via complexation with Eosin Y dye

An accurate, economic, rapid, reliable spectrofluorimetric assay was developing for the assay of definite anti-depressant drugs namely Amisulpride and Milnacipran hydrochloride, in those pharmaceutical preparation and biological fluid. The suggested method was established on the detection of quenching process resulting from the action of AMS and MCN to the native fluorescent EosinY. A binary complex between selected medications and Eosin Y was established in acetate buffer (0.2 M) at pH 3.3 & 4.0 for AMS and MCN respectively. The relative fluorescence capacity was determined at λex = 301.8 nm and λem = 542.7 nm. The calibration graphs had been linear through extent from 0.02 to 0.3 and 0.1-1 μg mL^-1, to both dugs respectively. Detection limits have been 0.0047 & 0.0188 μg mL^-1 while quantitation limits have been 0.0141 & 0.0569 μg mL^-1 to AMS & MCN respectively. Developed assay has been validated in agreement with ICH recommendations. Due to high sensitivity of the described assay, it allows the quantitation of anti-depressant drugs through biological fluid.