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Meijer D, Hopkoper S, Weldegergis BT, Westende WV, Gort G, van Loon JJA, Dicke M. Effects of far-red light on the behaviour and reproduction of the zoophytophagous predator Macrolophus pygmaeus and its interaction with a whitefly herbivore. Plant Cell Environ 2024; 47:187-196. [PMID: 37705240 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants can detect neighbouring plants through a reduction in the ratio between red and far-red light (R:FR). This provides a signal of plant-plant competition and induces rapid plant growth while inhibiting defence against biotic stress, two interlinked responses designated as the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). Consequently, the SAS can influence plant-herbivore interactions that could cascade to higher trophic levels. However, little is known about how the expression of the SAS can influence tritrophic interactions. We investigated whether changes in R:FR affect the emission of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), and whether these changes influence the attraction of the zoophytophagous predator Macrolophus pygmaeus. We also studied how the expression of the SAS and subsequent inhibition of plant defences affects the reproduction of M. pygmaeus in both the presence and absence of the greenhouse whitefly (WF) (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) as arthropod prey. The results show that changes in R:FR have little effect on HIPV emissions and predator attraction. However, a reduction in R:FR leads to increased reproduction of both the predator and the WFs. We discuss that shade avoidance responses can increase the population development of M. pygmaeus through a combination of reduced plant defences and increased herbivore densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Meijer
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Syb Hopkoper
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wendy Van't Westende
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Gort
- Biometris, Wageningen University, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joop J A van Loon
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Vosman B, Kashaninia A, Van't Westende W, Meijer-Dekens F, van Eekelen H, Visser RGF, de Vos RCH, Voorrips RE. QTL mapping of insect resistance components of Solanum galapagense. Theor Appl Genet 2019; 132:531-541. [PMID: 30470858 PMCID: PMC6349790 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3239-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
QTLs for insect resistance parameters, trichome type IV development, and more than 200 non-volatile metabolites, including 76 acyl sugars, all co-locate at the end of Chromosome 2 of Solanum galapagense. Host plant resistance is gaining importance as more and more insecticides are being banned due to environmental concerns. In tomato, resistance towards insects is found in wild relatives and has been attributed to the presence of glandular trichomes and their specific phytochemical composition. In this paper, we describe the results from a large-scale QTL mapping of data from whitefly resistance tests, trichome phenotyping and a comprehensive metabolomics analysis in a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between the cultivated Solanum lycopersicum and the wild relative S. galapagense, which is resistant to a range of pest insects. One major QTL (Wf-1) was found to govern the resistance against two different whitefly species. This QTL co-localizes with QTLs for the presence of trichomes type IV and V, as well as all 76 acyl sugars detected and about 150 other non-volatile phytochemicals, including methyl esters of the flavonols myricetin and quercetin. Based on these results, we hypothesize that Wf-1 is regulating the formation of glandular trichome type IV on the leaf epidermis, enabling the production and accumulation of bioactive metabolites in this type of trichomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Vosman
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Atiyeh Kashaninia
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Graduate School Experimental Plant Sciences, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Van't Westende
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fien Meijer-Dekens
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte van Eekelen
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G F Visser
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ric C H de Vos
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, 6700AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland E Voorrips
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Affiliation(s)
- P Arens
- Department of Biodiversity and Identity, Plant Research International, PO Box 16, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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