Correlation between improved leptin signaling and cognitive function post bariatric surgery

Determining whether changes in leptin signaling plays a role in the improvement of cognitive function post-bariatric surgery may aid in the understanding and development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting cognitive dysfunction through the greater understanding of processes connecting obesity and brain health. Several studies have explored the effects of cognition post bariatric surgery, and others have studied leptin and its changes post surgery. However the amalgamation of the effects of leptin signaling in relation to cognition post bariatric surgery have yet to be considered as key tools in the understanding of cognitive dysfunction in obese subjects with leptin resistance or insensitivity. This review serves to highlight the potential correlations, to further elucidate the effect of improved leptin signaling on cognition post bariatric surgery, and to propose a direct cause for the improvement of cognitive function via the amelioration of the leptin Janus kinase/Signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway as a result of the reversal of inflammatory processes involved in diseased individuals.

Predictors of delayed and no-reflow as recognized with Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction [TIMI] flow grade following Primary Percutaneous Coronary Angioplasty

Background: Initial percutaneous coronary interference (PCI) is still connected by a noticeable incidence of suboptimal coronary flow thrombolysis in infarction of myocardial (TIMI). The predictors of slow and no-reflow in cases that supported initial PCI in our institute was searched for and the relationship of these parameters with major adverse cardiovascular effects (MACE) was assessed. Material and Method: 397 patients with AMI displaying in 24 hours of the sign opening were retrospectively enrolled and underwent primary PCI between March 2006 and March 2012. Demographic, clinical, and procedural data were retrieved from our institutional databank. The baseline and post-PCI flow of blood in the revascularized artery was ranked based on the TIMI grading method. The follow-up visits were performed after one, six and twelve month from hospitalization. All the mortalities and complications were recorded within this period for evaluate the MACE. Results: The frequency of diabetes mellitus and renal failure were importantly larger in cases with a TIMI flow of 0-1 (p=0.03 & p=.01, respectively). Similarly, level of serum creatine were importantly larger in cases with a TIMI flow of 0-1. The predictors for TIMI flow included that utilize of Adenosin or Integrilin, diabetes mellitus, POIT, long tubular lesion, and injury at LAD territory. The incidence of MACE was significantly higher in patients with a TIMI flow of 0-1 (P=0.001) and the survival in this subgroup was significantly poorer (Hazard ratio=4.96; P<0.001). Conclusion: A low TIMI flow is accompanied by a poorer survival and a higher MACE and is influenced by some clinical and vascular characteristics.