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Bilgin ZD, Evcil I, Yazgi D, Binay G, Okuyucu Genc C, Gulsen B, Huseynova A, Ozdemir AZ, Ozmen E, Usta Y, Ustun S, Caglar Andac S. Liquid Chromatographic Methods for COVID-19 Drugs, Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:748-757. [PMID: 33336246 PMCID: PMC7799265 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has been a threat throughout the world since December 2019. In attempts to discover an urgent treatment regime for COVID-19, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) have been on solidarity clinical trial. However, many countries have pulled HCQ and CQ from their COVID-19 treatment regimens recently, some countries still continue using them for patients who have previously started HCQ and CQ and they may complete their course under the supervision of a doctor. HCQ and CQ are 4-aminoquinoline drugs and it is safe to use them for autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and malaria as well. Determination of CQ, HCQ and their metabolites in biologic fluids and in pharmaceuticals has great importance, especially for pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and epidemiological studies. In this review, liquid chromatographic methods developed in the last 10 years were summarized focusing on sample preparation and detection methods for HCQ and CQ determination in biological fluids and pharmaceutical preparations. It is hoped that this article could be helpful to facilitate the use of these drugs in clinical trials or drug research studies as it provides comprehensive information on the reported analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Derya Bilgin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, 7-1, 34116 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Isil Evcil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, 7-1, 34116 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Didem Yazgi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, 7-1, 34116 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokce Binay
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, 7-1, 34116 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceren Okuyucu Genc
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, 7-1, 34116 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Busra Gulsen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, 7-1, 34116 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aytaj Huseynova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, 7-1, 34116 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Zehra Ozdemir
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, 7-1, 34116 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Ozmen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, 7-1, 34116 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yakup Usta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, 7-1, 34116 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suade Ustun
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, 7-1, 34116 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sena Caglar Andac
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, 7-1, 34116 Fatih/Istanbul, Turkey
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