1
|
Tomo S, Kiran Kumar PVSN, Yadav D, Sankanagoudar S, Charan J, Purohit A, Nag VL, Bhatia PK, Singh K, Dutt N, Garg MK, Misra S, Sharma P, Purohit P. Association of Serum Complement C3 Levels with Severity and Mortality in COVID 19. Indian J Clin Biochem 2023; 38:447-456. [PMID: 37746543 PMCID: PMC10516839 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-023-01148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory distress syndrome-associated coronavirus-2 infection can activate innate and adaptive immune responses which may lead to harmful tissue damage, both locally and systemically. C3, a member of complement system of serum proteins, is a major component of innate immune and inflammatory responses. This study is aimed to assess serum C3 as a marker of COVID-19 severity and a predictor of disease progression. A total of 150 COVID-19 patients, confirmed by RT-PCR, and 50 healthy controls were recruited. Serum C3 levels were determined by using direct colorimetric method. Median levels of serum C3 in total cases and controls were 157.8 and 165.7 mg/dL respectively. Serum C3 although not significantly decreased, they were lower in cases when compared to controls. Similarly, significant differences were found between the groups, with severe group (140.6 mg/dL) having low levels of serum C3 protein when compared to mild (161.0 mg/dL) and moderate group (167.1 mg/dL). Interestingly, during hospitalization, significant difference between baseline (admission) and follow-up (discharge) was observed only in patients with moderate disease. Based on our results, lower levels of C3, with an increase in IL-6 and d-dimer levels, are associated with higher odds of mortality. Therefore, we would like to emphasize that measuring serum C3 levels along with other inflammatory markers might give an added advantage in early identification of patients who are prone to having a severe disease course and can help in a more effective follow-up of disease progression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-023-01148-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sojit Tomo
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Jodhpur, Basni Phase 2, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005 India
| | - PVSN Kiran Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Dharamveer Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Jodhpur, Basni Phase 2, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005 India
| | - Shrimanjunath Sankanagoudar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Jodhpur, Basni Phase 2, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005 India
| | - Jayakaran Charan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Abhishek Purohit
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Vijaya Lakshmi Nag
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Bhatia
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Naveen Dutt
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Garg
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Sanjeev Misra
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Jodhpur, Basni Phase 2, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005 India
| | - Purvi Purohit
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Jodhpur, Basni Phase 2, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005 India
| |
Collapse
|