Impacts of UV radiation on Bacillus biocontrol agents and their resistance mechanisms

Bacillus biocontrol agent(s) BCA(s) such as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus subtilis have been widely applied to control insects' pests of plants and pathogenic microbes, improve plant growth, and facilitate their resistance to environmental stresses. In the last decade, researchers have shown that, the application of Bacillus biocontrol agent(s) BCA(s) optimized agricultural production yield, and reduced disease risks in some crops. However, these bacteria encountered various abiotic stresses, among which ultraviolet (UV) radiation severely decrease their efficiency. Researchers have identified several strategies by which Bacillus biocontrol agents resist the negative effects of UV radiation, including transcriptional response, UV mutagenesis, biochemical and artificial means (addition of protective agents). These strategies are governed by distinct pathways, triggered by UV radiation. Herein, the impact of UV radiation on Bacillus biocontrol agent(s) BCA(s) and their mechanisms of resistance were discussed.

Fusion of Audio and Vibration Signals for Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on a Quadratic Convolution Neural Network

In this paper, a quadratic convolution neural network (QCNN) using both audio and vibration signals is utilized for bearing fault diagnosis. Specifically, to make use of multi-modal information for bearing fault diagnosis, the audio and vibration signals are first fused together using a 1 × 1 convolution. Then, a quadratic convolution neural network is applied for the fusion feature extraction. Finally, a decision module is designed for fault classification. The proposed method utilizes the complementary information of audio and vibration signals, and is insensitive to noise. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the proposed method can achieve high accuracies for both single and multiple bearing fault diagnosis in the noisy situations. Moreover, the combination of two-modal data helps improve the performance under all conditions.