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Okabe N, Takahashi A, Shigemoto Y, Kogure C, Ooka T, Shinohara R, Otawa S, Kobayashi A, Horiuchi S, Kushima M, Yamagata Z, Kashiwagi K. Refractive Error and Axial Length and Their Related Factors in 8-Year-Old Japanese Children: The Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). J Clin Med 2023; 12:5929. [PMID: 37762870 PMCID: PMC10532322 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the distribution of visual acuity, refractive error, and axial length in 8-year-old children who participated in an additional survey in Yamanashi Prefecture of the Japan Environmental Children's Study (hereafter referred to as JECS-Y) conducted from 2019 to 2021. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS Eight-year-old children who participated in the JECS-Y study were subjected to noncycloplegic measurements of refractive error and axial length. If the uncorrected visual acuity was less than 20/20, the best corrected visual acuity was evaluated in accordance with the autorefraction data. A questionnaire was administered regarding the parent's history of eyeglass wear or contact lens use. RESULTS Among the 400 participating children, the rate of uncorrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better in both eyes was 70.4%. The mean equivalent spherical equivalent error for both eyes was -0.366 ± 1.016 D. The mean axial length was 23.08 ± 0.225 mm in all patients. The males showed significantly longer axial length than the females despite no differences in body height. There was a significant correlation between axial length, spherical refractive, and uncorrected visual acuity. The children of parents with a history of wearing eyeglasses or contact lenses showed a significantly more myopic equivalent refractive error than those without a history. CONCLUSIONS This study clarified the current state of refractive error in 8-year-old children and the association of inheritance with refractive error. In addition, the axials were significantly longer in male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Okabe
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (N.O.); (C.K.)
| | - Airi Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (N.O.); (C.K.)
| | - Yumi Shigemoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (N.O.); (C.K.)
| | - Chio Kogure
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (N.O.); (C.K.)
| | - Tadao Ooka
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (T.O.)
| | - Ryoji Shinohara
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (R.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Sanae Otawa
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (R.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Anna Kobayashi
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (R.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Sayaka Horiuchi
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (R.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Megumi Kushima
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (R.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Zentaro Yamagata
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (T.O.)
- Center for Birth Cohort Studies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (R.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Kenji Kashiwagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (N.O.); (C.K.)
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