Non-invasive prenatal testing for fetal Ss, Kidd, and CTL2 blood group prediction by multiplex digital droplet PCR.
Ther Adv Hematol 2023;
14:20406207231179334. [PMID:
37575175 PMCID:
PMC10422893 DOI:
10.1177/20406207231179334]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Some blood groups, such as S and s blood groups in the MNS blood group system, and Kidd and CTL2 blood group systems, can cause severe fetal and newborn alloimmune disorders. Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) to predict fetal blood groups and knowledge of local blood group gene frequency are both important for pregnancy management decisions. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) has high specificity and sensitivity in detecting fetal single nucleotide variation.
Objectives
The objective is to predict fetal Ss, Kidd, and CTL2 blood groups using multiplex ddPCR. The gene frequencies of three blood groups were detected by ddPCR in northwest China.
Design
This is a prospective study.
Methods
Cell-free fetal DNA isolated from 26 healthy single pregnant women at different gestational stages was tested with QX200 Droplet Digital PCR. Results were compared with fetal genotypes. DNA samples purified from 20 blood pools containing a total of 1000 donors in northwest China were subjected to ddPCR to detect the gene frequency of three blood groups.
Results
Ss, Kidd, and CTL2 blood groups of 26 pregnant fetuses were accurately detected by multiplex ddPCR. The multiplex ddPCR results were consistent with the Sanger sequencing results of 26 fetal blood samples after birth. The gene frequencies of the three blood groups detected by ddPCR were 9.30% for S, 90.70% for s, 48.43% for Jka, 51.57% for Jkb, 66.57% for HNA-3A, and 33.43% for HNA-3B.
Conclusions
It is reliable to predict fetal Ss, Kidd, and CTL2 blood groups by multiplex ddPCR. Meanwhile, we designed a simple and efficient method for inferring the gene frequency of three blood groups based on ddPCR.
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