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Jones SA, Gogoi P, Ruprecht JJ, King MS, Lee Y, Zögg T, Pardon E, Chand D, Steimle S, Copeman DM, Cotrim CA, Steyaert J, Crichton PG, Moiseenkova-Bell V, Kunji ER. Structural basis of purine nucleotide inhibition of human uncoupling protein 1. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadh4251. [PMID: 37256948 PMCID: PMC10413660 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh4251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gives brown adipose tissue of mammals its specialized ability to burn calories as heat for thermoregulation. When activated by fatty acids, UCP1 catalyzes the leak of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane, short-circuiting the mitochondrion to generate heat, bypassing ATP synthesis. In contrast, purine nucleotides bind and inhibit UCP1, regulating proton leak by a molecular mechanism that is unclear. We present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the GTP-inhibited state of UCP1, which is consistent with its nonconducting state. The purine nucleotide cross-links the transmembrane helices of UCP1 with an extensive interaction network. Our results provide a structural basis for understanding the specificity and pH dependency of the regulatory mechanism. UCP1 has retained all of the key functional and structural features required for a mitochondrial carrier-like transport mechanism. The analysis shows that inhibitor binding prevents the conformational changes that UCP1 uses to facilitate proton leak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Jones
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Prerana Gogoi
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 10-124 Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA
| | - Jonathan J. Ruprecht
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Martin S. King
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Yang Lee
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Thomas Zögg
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Els Pardon
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Deepak Chand
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Stefan Steimle
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Danielle M. Copeman
- Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Camila A. Cotrim
- Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Jan Steyaert
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul G. Crichton
- Biomedical Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Vera Moiseenkova-Bell
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 10-124 Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA
| | - Edmund R. S. Kunji
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
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