EATING BEHAVIOUR AND OBESITY: GENDER-AGE FEATURES

OBJECTIVE

The aim: Identify the types of eating behaviour in overweight and obesity depending on gender and age.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: A survey of 210 people (men -105, women -105) was conducted. The age of women ranged from 19 to 60 years, the average age was 41.5 ± 11.2 years. The age of men ranged from 22 to 60 years, the average age was 42.3 ± 12.3 years. The examined patients were divided into two clinical groups: group I - 70 people (women - 35, men - 35) with overweight. BMI of persons of the I group from 25.8 kg / m2 to 29,3 kg / m2 (BMTmid. = 27,5 ± 1,31 kg / m2); Group II - 72 people with 1st degree obesity (women -36, men - 36). Evaluation of eating disorders was carried out using the DEBQ questionnaire (Nederland) adapted to the purpose of the study.

RESULTS

Results: In patients of groups I and II healthy type of eating behaviour was recorded less often than in control groups, 5.38 times (D = 13.561, p = 0.002 <0.05) and 10.45 times (D = 21.043, p = 0.022 <0.05), respectively. In group I, the restrictive type of EB among women occurred 1.7 times more often than in men (D = 0.852, p = 0.001). In group II, the restrictive type of EB among women was observed 1.3 times more often than in men (D = 0.382, p = 0.005).

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: Restrictive eating behaviour disorders are one of the leading factors in the development of overweight and obesity. Correction of eating disorders in obese people must be carried out taking into account the gender and age characteristics of the patient, to obtain positive results for a shorter course of treatment.

Peculiarities of the effects of bile acids on atpase activity of the colon mucosa in patients with overweight and irritable bowel syndrome

OBJECTIVE

The aim is to investigate the effect of bile acids on the ATPase activity of the colon mucosa in patients with overweight and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: Completely examined 12 patients with IBS and overweight.We estimated the ATPase activity of colon mucous of the patients with IBSspectrophotometrically by determined the content of orthophosphate that was released after ATP hydrolysis. We studied the effect of 3-sulphate of taurolitocholate (TLC-S) on specific activities of Na+/ K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase of endoplasmatic reticulum (EPR),Ca2+-ATPase of plasmatic membrane (PM) and basal Mg2+-ATPase of postmitochondrial subcellular fraction of colon mucous of the patients with IBS.

RESULTS

Results: We establishedthe specific activities of Na+/K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase of EPR,Ca2+-ATPase of PM and basal Mg2+-ATPase. Therewere(6.06 ± 1.61), (5.88 ± 1.19), (8.86 ± 1.56) (6.44 ± 2.02)µmol Pi/ mg protein per hour, respectively. TLC-S (50 µM) did not causedany change of Na+/K+-ATPase , as well as Ca2+-ATPasesactivities, but statistically significant increased activity of Mg2+-ATPase of postmitochondrial subcellular fraction of colon mucous of the patients with IBS by 4 fold.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: TLC-S increased basal Mg2+-ATPase in the postmitochondrial fraction of colon mucous of the patients with overweight and IBS, but had no effect on Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPases activities. It has been suggested that activation of basal Mg2+-ATPase under by TLC-S may indicates the role of the endo-lysosomal system of epitheliocytes of colon mucous in developing of pathology IBS.

Body mass index in association with decompression sickness events: cross-sectional study among small-scale fishermen-divers in southeast Mexico

INTRODUCTION

Decompression sickness is endemic to small-scale fishermen-divers from coastal communities in southeast Mexico; overweight and obesity are also highly prevalent in the region. Existing literature suggests it is possible that fat tissue could play a role in decompression sickness pathophysiology. Our aim in this study is to describe the association between the number and severity of DCS events treated at the hyperbaric program and fishermen-diver body mass index.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional study, we obtained anthropometric measurements of 105 fishermen-divers and reviewed clinical records of each participant at a hyperbaric program.

RESULTS

Average BMI among participants was 34.5 ± 4.7, while 9.5% (n=10) were healthy-weighted, 28.6% (n=30) were overweight and 42.8% (n=65) were obese. Number of DCS events per diver was associated with BMI and severity of DCS in linear regression models.

CONCLUSIONS

Overweight and obesity are highly preventable health problems; our results suggest that an association between these conditions and the frequency and the severity of DCS are an important topic to be further considered in longitudinal prospective studies.

Body weight and quality of life among adolescents in Krakow

AIM

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between body weight and the quality of life among adolescents in Krakow, Poland.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The study comprised 1291 pupils - 632 girls and 659 boys from 17 Krakow middle schools. Their quality of life (QoL) was assessed by means of the Polish version of the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire. Five dimensions of QoL were analyzed as low, average and high QoL according to Polish cut-off points. The body mass index (BMI) of the adolescents was classified as underweight, normal weight, or excessive weight according to Polish growth charts.

RESULTS

Low QoL was observed significantly more often in girls than in boys. Excessive weight among both girls and boys was found to be a risk factor for low QoL in the "Physical Well-being" dimension as compared to normal weight adolescents. Additionally, boys with excessive weight had a two-fold higher risk of low QoL in the "Social Support % Peers" dimension (OR=2.00; 95%CI:1.14-3.50). Underweight was associated with higher risk of low QoL in the "Physical Well-being", "Autonomy & Parents", and "Social Support % Peers" dimensions, but only among boys.

CONCLUSIONS

Both, underweight and excessive weight were associated with low QoL. Excessive weight in youth was linked mainly with lower physical well-being. Underweight was a predictor of low QoL only among boys in the dimensions related to physical health, as well as relations with family and peers.

Assessment of complex treatment influence on systemic inflammation in overweight type 2 diabetes patients

OBJECTIVE

Introduction: Long-term systemic inflammation may cause type 2 diabetes. Medications used to treat type 2 diabetes don't target inflammation therefore it's necessary to study how hypoglycemics can improve patient prognosis through modification of systemic inflammation. The aim: Our goal was to assess influence of liraglutide in complex therapy on proinflammatory cytokine levels in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes and compare it with metformin.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Meterials and methods: The study included 80 overweight patients with type 2 diabetes. We studied clinical parameters as well as antropometric: height, weight, BMI, abdomen circumference; hsCRP, proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) levels. Patients were treated according to an individualized treatment plan which included eating habit modification and dosed physical exercise. First and second groups were comparison groups. Patients in the first group received metformin as primary treatment up to 2500 mg/day (n=20). Patients in the second group received liraglutide up to 1.8 mg/day (n=30). Patients in the third (main) group received a combination of metformin (up to 2500 mg/day) and liraglutide up to 1.8 mg/day (n=30).

RESULTS

Results and conclusions: Main group achieved a decrease in BMI from 28,48&#177;2,1 kg/m2 to 23,9&#177;1,8 kg/m2 (р<0,05), whereas such decrease in the liraglutide monotherapy group was from 28,59&#177;2,5 kg/m2 to 25,87&#177;2,3 kg/m2 (р<0,05) and from 28,65&#177;3,2 kg/m2 to 27,46&#177;2,8 kg/m2 (р>0,05) in the metformin monotherapy group. Liraglutide was more efficient in lowering inflammatory cytokine concentrations with TNF-α and IL-6 being more sensitive to its effects. Main group saw a decrease in TNF-α levels from 10,14&#177;0,6 to 7,49&#177;0,33 pg/ml (<0,001) and IL-6 levels from 11,12&#177;0,7 to 7,84&#177;0,62 pg/ml (<0,001).