1
|
Sjövall P, Gregoire S, Wargniez W, Skedung L, Luengo GS. 3D Molecular Imaging of Stratum Corneum by Mass Spectrometry Suggests Distinct Distribution of Cholesteryl Esters Compared to Other Skin Lipids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36430276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The crucial barrier properties of the stratum corneum (SC) depend critically on the design and integrity of its layered molecular structure. However, analysis methods capable of spatially resolved molecular characterization of the SC are scarce and fraught with severe limitations, e.g., regarding molecular specificity or spatial resolution. Here, we used 3D time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry to characterize the spatial distribution of skin lipids in corneocyte multilayer squams obtained by tape stripping. Depth profiles of specific skin lipids display an oscillatory behavior that is consistent with successive monitoring of individual lipid and corneocyte layers of the SC structure. Whereas the most common skin lipids, i.e., ceramides, C24:0 and C26:0 fatty acids and cholesteryl sulfate, are similarly organized, a distinct 3D distribution was observed for cholesteryl oleate, suggesting a different localization of cholesteryl esters compared to the lipid matrix separating the corneocyte layers. The possibility to monitor the composition and spatial distribution of endogenous lipids as well as active drug and cosmetic substances in individual lipid and corneocyte layers has the potential to provide important contributions to the basic understanding of barrier function and penetration in the SC.
Collapse
|
2
|
Goor OJGM, Keizer HM, Bruinen AL, Schmitz MGJ, Versteegen RM, Janssen HM, Heeren RMA, Dankers PYW. Efficient Functionalization of Additives at Supramolecular Material Surfaces. Adv Mater 2017; 29. [PMID: 27896852 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Selective surface modification reactions can be performed on additives that are supramolecularly incorporated into supramolecular materials. Hereby, processing of the material, that regularly requires harsh processing conditions (i.e., the use of organic solvents and/or high temperatures), and functionalization can be decoupled. Moreover, high-resolution depth profiling by time-of-flight (ToF) secondary-ion mass spectrometry clearly shows distinct differences in surface and bulk material composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga J G M Goor
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Henk M Keizer
- SyMO-Chem B.V, Het Kraneveld 4, 5612, AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anne L Bruinen
- M4I, the Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229, ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Moniek G J Schmitz
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ron M Versteegen
- SyMO-Chem B.V, Het Kraneveld 4, 5612, AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Henk M Janssen
- SyMO-Chem B.V, Het Kraneveld 4, 5612, AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- M4I, the Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229, ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Y W Dankers
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|