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INFLUENCE OF ANESTHESIA ON EXPERIMENTAL NEUROTROPIC VIRUS INFECTIONS : I. IN VIVO STUDIES WITH THE VIRUSES OF WESTERN AND EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS, ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS, POLIOMYELITIS (LANSING), AND RABIES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 84:277-92. [PMID: 19871570 PMCID: PMC2135628 DOI: 10.1084/jem.84.4.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Anesthesia with diethyl ether significantly alters the course and outcome of experimental infections with the equine encephalomyelitis virus (Eastern or Western type) or with the St. Louis encephalitis virus. No comparable effect is observed in experimental infections produced with rabies or poliomyelitis (Lansing) viruses. The neurotropic virus infections altered by ether anesthesia are those caused by viruses which are destroyed in vitro by this anesthetic, and those infections not affected by ether anesthesia are caused by viruses which apparently are not destroyed by ether in vitro. Another striking difference between these two groups of viruses is their pathogenesis in the animal host; those which are inhibited in vivo by ether anesthesia tend to infect cells of the cortex, basal ganglia, and only occasionally the cervical region of the cord. On the other hand, those which are not inhibited in vivo by ether anesthesia tend to involve cells of the lower central nervous system and in the case of rabies, peripheral nerves. This difference is of considerable importance in view of the fact that anesthetics affect cells of the lower central nervous system only in very high concentrations. It is obvious from the complexity of the problem that no clear-cut statement can be made at this point as to the mechanism of the observed effect of ether anesthesia in reducing the mortality rate in certain of the experimental neurotropic virus infections. Important possibilities include a direct specific effect of diethyl ether upon the virus and a less direct effect of the anesthetic upon the virus through its alteration of the metabolism of the host cell.
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INFLUENCE OF ANESTHESIA ON EXPERIMENTAL NEUROTROPIC VIRUS INFECTIONS : II. IN VITRO STUDIES WITH THE VIRUSES OF WESTERN AND EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS, ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS, POLIOMYELITIS (LANSING), AND RABIES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 85:559-69. [PMID: 19871636 PMCID: PMC2135684 DOI: 10.1084/jem.85.6.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
1. Experimental neurotropic virus infections previously shown to be altered by ether anesthesia are caused by viruses destroyed in vitro by anesthetic ether; this group includes the viruses of Eastern equine encephalomyelitis, Western equine encephalomyelitis, and St. Louis encephalitis. 2. Experimental neurotropic virus infections which were not altered by ether anesthesia are caused by viruses which are refractory to the in vitro virucidal activity of even large amounts of anesthetic ether; this group includes the viruses of poliomyelitis (Lansing) and rabies. 3. Quantitative studies of the in vitro virucidal activity of ether indicate that concentrations of this anesthetic within the range found in central nervous system tissues of anesthetized animals possess no virucidal activity. 4. The lowest concentration of ether possessing significant virucidal capacity is more than fifteen times the maximum concentration of the anesthetic tolerated by the experimental animal. 5. Concentrations of ether 50 to 100 times the maximum amount tolerated by the anesthetized animal are capable of destroying large amounts of susceptible viruses, the average lethal dose (LD50) being reduced more than 5 log units. 6. On the basis of the studies presented in this report, it cannot be concluded that direct virucidal activity of ether is not the underlying mechanism of the inhibition by anesthesia of certain experimental neurotropic virus infections. Indirect inhibition of the virus by the anesthetic through an alteration in the metabolism of either the host cell or the host animal as a whole appears at this point to be a more likely possibility.
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Hemodynamic changes during thiopental anesthesia in humans: cardiac output, stroke volume, total peripheral resistance, and intrathoracic blood volume. J Clin Invest 2003; 34:500-10. [PMID: 14354021 PMCID: PMC438655 DOI: 10.1172/jci103099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Studies in surgical endocrinology. IV. Anesthetic agents as stimuli to change in corticosteroids and metabolism. Ann Surg 2000; 148:199-211. [PMID: 13571895 PMCID: PMC1450793 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-195808000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Venous pressure during anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1959; 38:306-12. [PMID: 13670483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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EEG-arousal by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the rabbit under anesthesia, cyanpoisoning or asphyxia. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1959; 9:207-17. [PMID: 13672693 DOI: 10.2170/jjphysiol.9.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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[Findings on prolonged apnea caused by succinylcholine: effect of the nature of the anesthetic]. RASSEGNA CLINICO-SCIENTIFICA 1959; 35:150-4. [PMID: 13675413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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[Blood corticosteroids in dogs during traumatic muscular ischemia; comparison of the corticoid level in blood taken from the venae cavae, from the peripheral veins and from the adrenal veins]. REVUE FRANCAISE D'ETUDES CLINIQUES ET BIOLOGIQUES 1959; 4:342-8. [PMID: 13658710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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[A new ocular reflex seen during anesthesia]. Minerva Anestesiol 1959; 25:106-7. [PMID: 13656548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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[Effects of general anesthsia on the urinary excretion of adrenal cortex hormones]. Minerva Anestesiol 1959; 25:90-4. [PMID: 13656545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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14
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[Study of the urinary excretion of adrenal cortex hormones during general anesthesia without surgery]. Minerva Anestesiol 1959; 25:88-90. [PMID: 13656544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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15
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[Determination of the blood pH in clinical practice and its applications in anesthesiology]. Minerva Anestesiol 1959; 25:63-71. [PMID: 13656540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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[Studies on the uptake of various histochemical stains by granulocytes after anesthesia alone, after surgery, and after cranial trauma; clinical and experimental research]. BOLLETTINO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI BIOLOGIA SPERIMENTALE 1959; 35:135-8. [PMID: 13638421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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[Variations in the peroxidase activity of the granulocytes and in the osmotic resistance of the leukocytes after anesthesia alone, after surgery, and after cranial trauma; clinical and experimental research]. BOLLETTINO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI BIOLOGIA SPERIMENTALE 1959; 35:138-42. [PMID: 13638422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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[Basal metabolism in induced sleep]. PORTUGAL MEDICO 1959; 43:84-95. [PMID: 13645291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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[Arterial pressure changes in animals irradiated under ether and hexenal anesthesia]. MEDITSINSKAIA RADIOLOGIIA 1959; 4:3-10. [PMID: 13643347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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[Significance of anesthesia in the manifestation of inhibiting effect of the bulbar reticular formation on spinal activity]. BIULLETEN' EKSPERIMENTAL'NOI BIOLOGII I MEDITSINY 1959; 47:3-9. [PMID: 13638305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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[Influence of anesthesia on the urinary excretion of corticoids in aged patients after surgical operations]. RIVISTA DI PATOLOGIA E CLINICA 1959; 14:8-13. [PMID: 13634889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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[Studies on blood proteins in children in general anesthesia]. PEDIATRIA POLSKA 1959; 34:37-51. [PMID: 13657548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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[Elimination of totally reduced urinary corticoids in surgical stress: effect of various anesthetic methods]. ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA 1958; 9:116-38. [PMID: 13626388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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[Experimental studies on blood coagulation]. Wien Med Wochenschr 1958; 108:1049-51. [PMID: 13616369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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[Changes in peripheral blood flow during general anesthesia & lumbar sympathectomy; plethysmographic research in human subjects]. Minerva Cardioangiol 1958; 6:646-53. [PMID: 13632464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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[Effect of pain on basic immunological reactions. IV. Effect of pain and of anesthesia on phagocytic reactions of the leukocytes in man]. ZHURNAL MIKROBIOLOGII, EPIDEMIOLOGII I IMMUNOBIOLOGII 1958; 29:70-3. [PMID: 13626074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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The influence of anaesthesia on the oxygen saturation of the cord blood during caesarean section. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1958; 2:99-106. [PMID: 13594043 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1958.tb05255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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[Anesthetic factors in the determination of postoperative intestinal motility]. Minerva Anestesiol 1958; 24:371-82. [PMID: 13612835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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[Effect of hypothermia and narcosis on phagocytic activity of leukocytes and on bactericidal properties of the blood]. ZHURNAL MIKROBIOLOGII, EPIDEMIOLOGII I IMMUNOBIOLOGII 1958; 29:72-5. [PMID: 13582141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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[Effects of anesthesia and surgical trauma on the water-electrolyte balance]. Anaesthesist 1958; 7:164-7. [PMID: 13559687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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Immediate capillary response with vasopressin discharge; syndrome induced by surgical anesthesia; an experimental analysis. SCHWEIZERISCHE MEDIZINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT 1958; 88:495-7. [PMID: 13568696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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Untoward autonomic cardio-vascular reflexes during anaesthsia. S Afr Med J 1958; 32:495-8. [PMID: 13556120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
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Anaesthesia and blood sugar in operations. Scott Med J 1958; 3:205-11. [PMID: 13555948 DOI: 10.1177/003693305800300503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Elimination of carbon dioxide. Anesth Analg 1958; 37:91-106. [PMID: 13533904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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[Changes in the vascular flow of gastric mucosa under splanchnic nerve anesthesia; preliminary report]. PRENSA MEDICA ARGENTINA 1958; 45:1567-71. [PMID: 13601516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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Drug reaction times during surgery and anesthesia. South Med J 1958; 51:478-81. [PMID: 13529266 DOI: 10.1097/00007611-195804000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cardiac output and total peripheral resistance in anesthesiology; clinical applications. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 1958; 166:1003-10. [PMID: 13502096 DOI: 10.1001/jama.1958.02990090011003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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[Activity of several pyridoxal enzymes during stimulation & inhibition of rat brain]. CASOPIS LEKARU CESKYCH 1958; 97:171-4. [PMID: 13523617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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Carbon dioxide tension and bicarbonate content of arterial blood in relation to anesthesia and surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1958; 2:1-14. [PMID: 13532228 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1958.tb05246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pulmonary function in relation to anesthesia and surgery evaluated by analysis of oxygen tension of arterial blood. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1958; 2:15-26. [PMID: 13532229 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1958.tb05247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The effect of anaesthesia on antidiuresis and antisaluresis resulting from the reduction in the effective circulating blood volume. ACTA MEDICA ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARUM HUNGARICAE 1958; 11:359-64. [PMID: 13544841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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[Renal changes in relation to mixed narcosis; histochemical research on the rat]. L' ARCISPEDALE S. ANNA DI FERRARA 1958; 11:905-15. [PMID: 13596203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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[Functional changes of the kidney during anesthesia and gynecological surgery]. RIVISTA DI OSTETRICIA E GINECOLOGIA 1958; 13:1-17. [PMID: 13555585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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Electrical anesthesia: some metabolic observations and comparisons. SURGICAL FORUM 1958; 9:394-7. [PMID: 13635402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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[Certain cerebral metabolic variations in anesthesia]. ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA 1958; 9:159-64. [PMID: 13532218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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[Relation between anesthesia & alarm reaction; clinico-experimental research by means of Schilling's hemogram]. ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA 1958; 9:1-24. [PMID: 13532207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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[Effect of cytochrome C on anesthesia-induced changes in heart function]. Minerva Anestesiol 1957; 23:390-6. [PMID: 13516542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Heart rate and anesthesia. ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA 1957; 8:130-45. [PMID: 13532224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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