1
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Kumar R. Decennary Update on Oxidative-Rearrangement Involving 1,2-Aryl C-C Migration Around Alkenes: Synthetic and Mechanistic Insights. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400053. [PMID: 38741472 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, numerous methodologies on oxidative rearrangements of alkenes have been investigated, that produce multipurpose synthons and heterocyclic scaffolds of potential applications. The present review focused on recently established methodologies for oxidative transformation via 1,2-aryl migration in alkenes (2013-2023). Special emphasis has been placed on mechanistic pathways to understand the reactivity pattern of different substrates, challenges to enhance selectivity, the key role of different reagents, and effect of different substituents, and how they affect the rearrangement process. Moreover, synthetic limitations and future direction also have been discussed. We believe, this review offers new synthetic and mechanistic insight to develop elegant precursors and approaches to explore the utilization of alkene-based compounds for natural product synthesis and functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kumar
- Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, 133207, Ambala, INDIA
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2
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Wang D, Zeng L, Shi J, Gao S, Shi L, Sun S, Liang D. Electrophotocatalysis versus Indirect Electrolysis: Electrochemical Selenocyclization of 3-Aza-1,5-dienes Facilitated by Energy Transfer, Direct Photolysis or N-Hydroxyphthalimide. Chemistry 2024:e202400280. [PMID: 38651795 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Three hybrid electrochemical protocols, which involve the energy transfer, direct photolysis and N-hydroxyphthalimide catalyst, respectively, are presented for the selenylation/cyclization of the fragile substrates of 3-aza-1,5-dienes with diorganyl diselenides to afford 3-selenomethyl-4-pyrrolin-2-ones. The two electrophotocatalytic reactions and the indirect electrolysis one are both regioselective and external-oxidant- and transition-metal-free, and are associated with a broad substrate scope and high Se-economy, and all three methods are amenable to gram-scale syntheses, late-stage functionalizations, sunlight-induced experiments and all-solar-driven syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyin Wang
- Kunming University, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Metal-Organic Molecular Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming, CHINA
| | - Li Zeng
- Kunming University, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Metal-Organic Molecular Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming, CHINA
| | - Jifu Shi
- Kunming University, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Metal-Organic Molecular Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming, CHINA
| | - Shulin Gao
- Kunming University, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Metal-Organic Molecular Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming, CHINA
| | - Lou Shi
- Kunming University, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Metal-Organic Molecular Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming, CHINA
| | - Shaoguang Sun
- Panzhihua University, Medical College, Panzhihua, CHINA
| | - Deqiang Liang
- Kunming University, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 2 Puxin Road, 650214, Kunming, CHINA
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3
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Baumann JE, Chung CP, Lalic G. Stereoselective Copper-Catalyzed Olefination of Imines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316521. [PMID: 38100274 PMCID: PMC10977923 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Alkenes are an important class of organic molecules found among synthetic intermediates and bioactive compounds. They are commonly synthesized through stoichiometric Wittig-type olefination of carbonyls and imines, using ylides or their equivalents. Despite the importance of Wittig-type olefination reactions, their catalytic variants remain underdeveloped. We explored the use of transition metal catalysis to form ylide equivalents from readily available starting materials. Our investigation led to a new copper-catalyzed olefination of imines with alkenyl boronate esters as coupling partners. We identified a heterobimetallic complex, obtained by hydrocupration of the alkenyl boronate esters, as the key catalytic intermediate that serves as an ylide equivalent. The high E-selectivity observed in the reaction is due to the stereoselective addition of this intermediate to an imine, followed by stereospecific anti-elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Baumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 109 Bagley Hall, 98195, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Crystal P Chung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 109 Bagley Hall, 98195, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gojko Lalic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, 109 Bagley Hall, 98195, Seattle, WA, USA
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4
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Gawron M, Gilch F, Schmidhuber D, Kelly JA, Horsley Downie TM, Jacobi von Wangelin A, Rehbein J, Wolf R. Counterion Effect in Cobaltate-Catalyzed Alkene Hydrogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315381. [PMID: 38059406 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
We show that countercations exert a remarkable influence on the ability of anionic cobaltate salts to catalyze challenging alkene hydrogenations. An evaluation of the catalytic properties of [Cat][Co(η4 -cod)2 ] (Cat=K (1), Na (2), Li (3), (Dep nacnac)Mg (4), and N(n Bu)4 (5); cod=1,5-cyclooctadiene, Dep nacnac={2,6-Et2 C6 H3 NC(CH3 )}2 CH)]) demonstrated that the lithium salt 3 and magnesium salt 4 drastically outperform the other catalysts. Complex 4 was the most active catalyst, which readily promotes the hydrogenation of highly congested alkenes under mild conditions. A plausible catalytic mechanism is proposed based on density functional theory (DFT) investigations. Furthermore, combined molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and DFT studies were used to examine the turnover-limiting migratory insertion step. The results of these studies suggest an active co-catalytic role of the counterion in the hydrogenation reaction through the coordination to cobalt hydride intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gawron
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Gilch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schmidhuber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - John A Kelly
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Julia Rehbein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Robert Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
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5
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He HD, Chitrakar R, Cao ZW, Wang DM, She LQ, Zhao PG, Wu Y, Xu YQ, Cao ZY, Wang P. Diphosphine Ligand-Enabled Nickel-Catalyzed Chelate-Assisted Inner-Selective Migratory Hydroarylation of Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313336. [PMID: 37983653 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The precise control of the regioselectivity in the transition metal-catalyzed migratory hydrofunctionalization of alkenes remains a big challenge. With a transient ketimine directing group, the nickel-catalyzed migratory β-selective hydroarylation and hydroalkenylation of alkenyl ketones has been realized with aryl boronic acids using alkyl halide as the mild hydride source for the first time. The key to this success is the use of a diphosphine ligand, which is capable of the generation of a Ni(II)-H species in the presence of alkyl bromide, and enabling the efficient migratory insertion of alkene into Ni(II)-H species and the sequent rapid chain walking process. The present approach diminishes organosilanes reductant, tolerates a wide array of complex functionalities with excellent regioselective control. Moreover, this catalytic system could also be applied to the migratory hydroarylation of alkenyl azahetereoarenes, thus providing a general approach for the preparation of 1,2-aryl heteroaryl motifs with wide potential applications in pharmaceutical discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Dong He
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Ravi Chitrakar
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Cao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Dao-Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Li-Qin She
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Gang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yichen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Qing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Yan Cao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry, and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
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6
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Wang L, Shi M, Chen X, Su N, Luo W, Zhang X. Generation of Aromatic N-Heterocyclic Radicals for Functionalization of Unactivated Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314312. [PMID: 37946626 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-centered radicals (NCRs) have been widely recognized as versatile synthetic intermediates for the construction of nitrogen containing molecules of high value. As such, there has been a long-standing interest in the field of organic synthesis to develop novel nitrogen-based radicals and explore their inherent reactivity. In this study, we present the generation of aromatic N-heterocyclic radicals and their application in a novel and diverse functionalization of unactivated alkenes. Bench-stable aromatic N-heterocyclic pyridinium salts were employed as crucial NCR precursors, which enabled the efficient conversion of various unactivated alkenes into medicinally relevant alkylated N-heterocyclic amines. This approach offers an unexplored retrosynthetic disconnection for the synthesis of related molecules that commonly possess therapeutic value. Furthermore, this platform can be extended to the synthesis of densely functionalized heterocyclic amines by utilizing disulfides and diethyl bromomalonate as radical quenchers. Mechanistic investigations indicate an energy transfer (EnT) pathway involving the formation of a transient aromatic N-heterocyclic radical, radical addition to unactivated alkenes, and subsequent generation of the amination product through either hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) or radical addition processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Minxu Shi
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Nicholas Su
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Weili Luo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Xiaheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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7
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Yuan PF, Yang Z, Zhang SS, Zhu CM, Yang XL, Meng QY. Deconstructive Carboxylation of Activated Alkenes with Carbon Dioxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202313030. [PMID: 38072915 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylation with carbon dioxide (CO2 ) represents one notable methodology to produce carboxylic acids. In contrast to carbon-heteroatom bonds, carbon-carbon bond cleavage for carboxylation with CO2 is far more challenging due to their inherent and less favorable orbital directionality for interacting with transition metals. Here we report a photocatalytic protocol for the deconstructive carboxylation of alkenes with CO2 to generate carboxylic acids in the absence of transition metals. It is emphasized that our protocol provides carboxylic acids with obviously unchanged carbon numbers when terminal alkenes were used. To show the power of this strategy, a variety of pharmaceutically relevant applications including the modular synthesis of propionate nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the late-stage carboxylation of bioactive molecule derivatives are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Feng Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 (P. R., China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 (P. R., China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 (P. R., China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Can-Ming Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 (P. R., China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Long Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yuan Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 (P. R., China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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8
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Fan Y, Huang Z, Lu Y, Zhu S, Chu L. Defluorinative Alkylboration of Alkenes Enabled by Dual Photoredox and Copper Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202315974. [PMID: 38065842 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
A regioselectivity reversed three-component defluorinative alkylboration of alkenes with trifluoromethyls and bis(pinacolato)diboron via dual photoredox/copper catalysis is reported. The mild conditions are compatible with a wide array of nonactivated trifluoromethyl aromatics bearing electron-donating or electron-neutral substituents, trifluoroacetamides, and various nonactivated terminal and internal alkenes, enabling straightforward access to synthetically valuable γ-gem-difluoroalkyl boronates with high efficiency. Furthermore, this protocol is applicable to alkene-tethered trifluoromethyl aromatics to furnish gem-difluoromethylene-containing cyclic compounds. Synthetic applications and preliminary mechanistic studies are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhonghou Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yi Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Shengqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Lingling Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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9
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Tsai CY, Jhang YJ, Wu YK, Ryu I. Electron-Transfer Protocol for the Hydroxyalkenylation of Alkenes Using 1,2-Bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311807. [PMID: 37850999 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
We report a protocol for alkene hydroxyalkenylation. Using a persulfate anion as a one-electron-oxidation reagent and 1,2-bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene as a radical acceptor in the presence of water, alkenes were converted into the corresponding 1-phenylsulfonyl-4-hydroxyalkenes in good to high yields. The hydroxyalkenylation process involves the nucleophilic hydroxylation of alkene radical cations to give β-hydroxyalkyl radicals, which, after a radical addition/β-elimination sequence, provide the products. We also report a photocatalytic protocol for alkoxyalkenylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yang Tsai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU), Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Jia Jhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU), Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ku Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU), Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ilhyong Ryu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU), Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Metropolitan University (OMU), 599-8531, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
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10
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Vanhoof JR, De Smedt PJ, Derhaeg J, Ameloot R, De Vos DE. Metal-Free Electrocatalytic Diacetoxylation of Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311539. [PMID: 37724630 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
1,2-Dioxygenation of alkenes leads to a structural motif ubiquitous in organic synthons, natural products and active pharmaceutical ingredients. Straightforward and green synthesis protocols starting from abundant raw materials are required for facile and sustainable access to these crucial moieties. Especially industrially abundant aliphatic alkenes have proven to be arduous substrates in sustainable 1,2-dioxygenation methods. Here, we report a highly efficient electrocatalytic diacetoxylation of alkenes under ambient conditions using a simple iodobenzene mediator and acetic acid as both the solvent and an atom-efficient reactant. This transition metal-free method is applicable to a wide range of alkenes, even challenging feedstock alkenes such as ethylene and propylene, with a broad functional group tolerance and excellent faradaic efficiencies up to 87 %. In addition, this protocol can be extrapolated to alkenoic acids, resulting in cyclization of the starting materials to valuable lactone derivatives. With aromatic alkenes, a competing mechanism of direct anodic oxidation exists which enables reaction under catalyst-free conditions. The synthetic method is extensively investigated with cyclic voltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jef R Vanhoof
- Centre For Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F p.o. box 2454, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter J De Smedt
- Centre For Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F p.o. box 2454, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Derhaeg
- Centre For Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F p.o. box 2454, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rob Ameloot
- Centre For Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F p.o. box 2454, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk E De Vos
- Centre For Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F p.o. box 2454, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Saha P, Chrysochos N, Elvers BJ, Pätsch S, Uddin SI, Krummenacher I, Nandeshwar M, Mishra A, Raman KV, Rajaraman G, Prabusankar G, Braunschweig H, Ravat P, Schulzke C, Jana A. Bis-Olefin Based Crystalline Schlenk Hydrocarbon Diradicals with a Triplet Ground State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311868. [PMID: 37646230 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
A modular approach for the synthesis of isolable crystalline Schlenk hydrocarbon diradicals from m-phenylene bridged electron-rich bis-triazaalkenes as synthons is reported. EPR spectroscopy confirms their diradical nature and triplet electronic structure by revealing a half-field signal. A computational analysis confirms the triplet state to be the ground state. As a proof-of-principle for the modular methodology, the 4,6-dimethyl-m-phenylene was further utilized as a coupling unit between two alkene motifs. The steric conjunction of the 4,6-dimethyl groups substantially twists the substituents at the nonbonding electron bearing centers relative to the central coupling m-phenylene motif. As a result, the spin delocalization is decreased and the exchange coupling between the two unpaired spins, hence, significantly reduced. Notably, 108 years after Schlenk's m-phenylene-bis(diphenylmethyl) synthesis as a diradical, for the first time we were able to isolate its derivative with the same spacer, i.e. m-phenylene, between two radical centers in a crystalline form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Saha
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Nicolas Chrysochos
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Benedict J Elvers
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sebastian Pätsch
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sk Imraj Uddin
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Muneshwar Nandeshwar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, 502284, India
| | - Anshika Mishra
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Karthik V Raman
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - Ganesan Prabusankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, 502284, India
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Prince Ravat
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad, 500046, India
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12
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Chen J, Wu L, Zhao Y, Zhu S. Enantio- and Diastereoselective NiH-Catalyzed Hydroalkylation of Enamides or Enecarbamates with Racemic α-Bromoamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311094. [PMID: 37721974 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic methods which control multiple stereogenic centers simultaneously are highly desirable in modern organic synthesis and chemical manufacturing. Herein, we report a regio-, enantio-, and diastereoselective NiH-catalyzed hydroalkylation process which proceeds with simultaneous control of vicinal stereocenters originating from two readily accessible partners, prochiral internal alkenes (enamides or enecarbamates) and racemic alkyl electrophiles (α-bromoamides or Katritzky salts). This reaction produces high-value β-aminoamides and their derivatives under mild conditions and with precise selectivity. Preliminary studies of the mechanism indicate that the reaction involves an enantioselective syn-hydronickelation to generate an enantiomerically enriched alkylnickel(II) species. Subsequent enantioconvergent alkylation with a racemic alkyl electrophile generates the desired product as a single stereoisomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Lifu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shaolin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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13
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Dey J, Banerjee N, Daw S, Guin J. Photochemical Oximesulfonylation of Alkenes Using Sulfonyl-Oxime-Ethers as Bifunctional Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312384. [PMID: 37653722 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of oxime ethers as bifunctional reagents remains unknown. Herein, we present a mechanistically distinct strategy that enables oximesulfonylation of olefins using sulfonyl-oxime-ethers as bifunctional reagents under metal-free photochemical conditions. Via concomitant C-S and C-C bond formation, the process permits incorporation of oxime and sulfonyl groups into olefins in a complete atom-economic fashion, providing rapid access to multi-functionalized β-sulfonyl oxime ethers with good yields and stereoselectivity. The method is amenable to functionalization of complex bioactive molecules and is shown to be scalable. A radical chain mechanism initiated via photochemical Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) mediated N-O bond cleavage is suggested for the process, based on our results on mechanistic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Nayan Banerjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Swikriti Daw
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Joyram Guin
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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14
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Shabin M, Kumar A, Hakkim H, Rudich Y, Sinha V. Sources, sinks, and chemistry of Stabilized Criegee Intermediates in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Sci Total Environ 2023; 896:165281. [PMID: 37406701 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Night-time oxidation significantly affects the atmospheric concentration of primary and secondary air pollutants but is poorly constrained over South Asia. Here, using a comprehensively measured and unprecedented set of precursors and sinks of Stabilized Criegee Intermediates (SCI), in the summertime air of the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), we investigate the chemistry, and abundance in detail. This study reports the first summertime levels from the IGP of ethene, propene, 1-butene, cis-2-butene, trans-2-butene, 1-pentene, cis-2-pentene, trans-2-pentene, and 1-hexene and their possible roles in SCI chemistry. Ethene, propene, and 1-butene were the highest ambient alkenes in both the summer and winter seasons. Applying chemical steady-state to the measured precursors, the average calculated SCI concentrations were 4.4 (±3.6) × 103 molecules cm-3, with Z-CH3CHOO (55 %) as the major SCI. Z-RCHOO (35 %) and α-pinene derived PINOO (34 %) were identified as the largest contributors to SCI with a 7.8 × 105 molecules cm-3 s-1 production rate. The peak SCI occurred during the evenings. For all SCI species, the loss was dominated (>50 %) by unimolecular decomposition or reactions with water vapor or water vapor dimer. Pollution events influenced by crop burning resulted in significantly elevated SCI production (2.1 times higher relative to non-polluted periods) reaching as high as (7.4 ± 2.5) × 105 molecules cm-3 s-1. Among individual SCI species, Z-CH3CHOO was highest in all the plume events measured accounting for at least ~41 %. Among alkenes, trans-2-butene was the highest contributor to P(SCI) in plume events ranging from 22 to 32 %. SCIs dominated the night-time oxidation of sulfur dioxide with rates as high as 1.4 (±1.1) × 104 molecules cm-3 s-1 at midnight, suggesting that this oxidation pathway could be a significant source of fine mode sulfate aerosols over the Indo-Gangetic Plain, especially during summertime biomass burning pollution episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Shabin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Haseeb Hakkim
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vinayak Sinha
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Sector 81, S.A.S Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab 140306, India.
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15
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Lu B, Zhang Z, Jiang M, Liang D, He ZW, Bao FS, Xiao WJ, Chen JR. Photoinduced Five-Component Radical Relay Aminocarbonylation of Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309460. [PMID: 37615886 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Radical single carbonylation reactions with CO constitute a direct and robust strategy toward various carbonyl compounds from readily available chemicals, and have been extensively studied over the past decades. However, realizing highly selective catalytic systems for controlled radical double carbonylation reactions has remained a substantial challenge, particularly for the more advanced multicomponent variants, despite their great potential value. Herein, we report a visible-light-driven radical relay five-component radical double aminocarbonylation reaction of unactivated alkenes using CO under metal-free conditions. This protocol provides direct access to valuable γ-trifluoromethyl α-ketoamides with good yields and high chemoselectivity. Crucial was the identification of distinct dual roles of amine coupling partners, sequentially acting as electron donors for the formation of photoactive electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes with radical precursors and then as a CO acceptor via nitrogen radical cations to form carbamoyl radicals. Cross-coupling of carbamoyl radicals with the acyl radicals that are formed in an alkene-based relay process affords double aminocarbonylation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Zhihan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Zi-Wei He
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Feng-Shuo Bao
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
- Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, 7 North Bingang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430083, China
| | - Jia-Rong Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Photoenergy Utilization for Pollution Control and Carbon Reduction, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, China
- Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, 7 North Bingang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430083, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
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16
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Chen C, Guo W, Qiao D, Zhu S. Synthesis of Enantioenriched 1,2-cis Disubstituted Cycloalkanes by Convergent NiH Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308320. [PMID: 37470299 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Enantioenriched multi-substituted cycloalkanes constitute an essential class of compounds in pharmaceuticals, natural products and agrochemicals. Here we report an NiH-catalyzed asymmetric migratory hydroalkylation process for the efficient and selective construction of such compounds. Through a dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DYKAT), easily accessible racemic and isomeric mixtures of cycloalkenes could be directly utilized as starting materials, convergently producing thermo-dynamically disfavored chiral 1,2-cis disubstituted cycloalkanes bearing vicinal stereocenters with high levels of regio-, diastereo- and enantioselectivity. In addition, prochiral cyclic alkenes can be also employed, and deliver chiral 1,2-cis disubstituted cycloalkanes through desymmetrization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changpeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Deyong Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaolin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China
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17
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Kawamura S, Sodeoka M. Understanding and Controlling Fluorinated Diacyl Peroxides and Fluoroalkyl Radicals in Alkene Fluoroalkylations. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300202. [PMID: 37522613 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The demand for practical methods for the synthesis of novel fluoroalkyl molecules is increasing owing to their diverse applications. Our group has achieved efficient difunctionalizing fluoroalkylations of alkenes using fluorinated carboxylic anhydrides as user-friendly fluoroalkyl sources. Fluorinated diacyl peroxide, prepared in situ from carboxylic anhydrides, enables the development of novel reactions when used as a radical fluoroalkylating reagent. In this account, we aim to provide an in-depth understanding of the structure, bonding, and reactivity of fluorinated diacyl peroxides and radicals as well as their control in fluoroalkylation reactions. In the first part of this account, the physical properties and reactivity of diacyl peroxides and fluoroalkyl radicals are described. In the subsequent part, we categorize the reactions into copper-catalyzed and metal-free methods utilizing the oxidizing properties of fluorinated diacyl peroxides. We also outline examples and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Kawamura
- Catalysis and Integrated Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Mikiko Sodeoka
- Catalysis and Integrated Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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18
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Wang DM, She LQ, Yuan H, Wu Y, Tang Y, Wang P. Ligand-Enabled Ni II -Catalyzed Hydroxylarylation of Alkenes with Molecular Oxygen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304573. [PMID: 37431727 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant in transition metal catalyzed oxidative process is an appealing and challenging task in organic synthetic chemistry. Here, we report a Ni-catalyzed hydroxylarylation of unactivated alkenes enabled by a β-diketone ligand with high efficiency and excellent regioselectivity employing molecular oxygen as the oxidant and hydroxyl source. This reaction features mild conditions, broad substrate scope and incredible heterocycle compatibility, providing a variety of β-hydroxylamides, γ-hydroxylamides, β-aminoalcohols, γ-aminoalcohols, and 1,3-diols in high yields. The synthetic value of this methodology was demonstrated by the efficient synthesis of two bioactive compounds, (±)-3'-methoxyl citreochlorol and tea catechin metabolites M4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Lu, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Li-Qin She
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yichen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Lu, Shanghai, 200062, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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19
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Fang QY, Han J, Qin M, Li W, Zhu C, Xie J. Trinuclear Gold-Catalyzed 1,2-Difunctionalization of Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305121. [PMID: 37170888 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Activated alkyl halides have been extensively explored to generate alkyl radicals with Ru- and Ir- photocatalysts for 1,2-difunctionalization of alkenes, but unactivated alkyl bromides remain challenging substrates due to their strong reduction potential. Here we report a three-component 1,2-difunctionalization reaction of alkenes, unactivated alkyl bromides and nucleophiles (e.g., amines and indoles) using a trinuclear gold catalyst [Au3 (tppm)2 ](OTf)3 . It can achieve the 1,2-aminoalkylation and 1,2-alkylarylation readily. This protocol has a broad reaction scope and excellent functional group compatibility (>100 examples with up to 96 % yield). It also affords a robust formal [2+2+1] cyclization strategy for the concise construction of pyrrolidine skeletons under mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies support an inner-sphere single electron transfer pathway for the successful cleavage of inert C-Br bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mingzhe Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, China
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20
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Yang H, Ye Y. Recent Progress in NiH-Catalyzed Linear or Branch Hydrofunctionalization of Terminal or Internal Alkenes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:23. [PMID: 37474812 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The construction of C-C and C-X (X = N, O, Si, etc.) bonds is an important field in organic synthesis and methodology. In recent decades, studies on transition metal-catalyzed functionalization of alkenes have been on the rise. The individual properties of different transition metals determine the type of reaction that can be applied. Generally, post-transition metals with a large number of electrons in the d-orbit such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn, etc., can be applied to more reaction types than pre-transition metals with a small number of electrons (e.g., Ti, Zr, etc.). Alkyl nickel intermediates formed by oxidative addition could couple with various of nucleophiles or electrophiles. Moreover, nickel has several oxidation valence states, which can flexibly realize a variety of catalytic cycles. These characteristics make nickel favored by researchers in the field of functionalization of alkenes, especially for the hydrofunctionalization of alkenes. Both terminal and internal alkenes could be converted, and the strategies of synthesizing linear and branched compounds have been expanded. Moreover, the guiding groups in alkenes played an almost decisive role in the regional selectivity, and the ligand or temperature also had regulating effects. Herein, we will give a comprehensive and timely overview of the works about the Ni-catalyzed hydrofunctionalization of alkenes and some insights on regional selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Byrne E, Schum S, Schaerer L, Techtmann SM. Impacts of Nutrients on Alkene Biodegradation Rates and Microbial Community Composition in Enriched Consortia from Natural Inocula. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0031622. [PMID: 37017561 PMCID: PMC10269803 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00316-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing need for biological and chemical methods for upcycling plastic waste streams. Pyrolysis processes can accelerate plastic depolymerization by breaking polyethylene into smaller alkene components which may be more biodegradable than the initial polymer. While the biodegradation of alkanes has been extensively studied, the role microorganisms play in alkene breakdown is not well understood. Alkene biodegradation holds the potential to contribute to the coupling of chemical and biological processing of polyethylene plastics. In addition, nutrient levels are known to impact rates of hydrocarbon degradation. Model alkenes were used (C6, C10, C16, and C20) to follow the breakdown capability of microbial communities from three environmental inocula in three nutrient levels over the course of 5 days. Higher-nutrient cultures were anticipated to exhibit enhanced biodegradation capabilities. Alkene mineralization was assessed by measuring CO2 production in the culture headspace using GC-FID (gas chromatography-flame ionization detection), and alkene breakdown was directly quantified by measuring extracted residual hydrocarbons using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Here, the efficacy of enriched consortia derived from the microbial communities of three inoculum sources (farm compost, Caspian Sea sediment, and an iron-rich sediment) at alkene breakdown was investigated over the course of 5 days across three nutrient treatments. No significant differences in CO2 production across nutrient levels or inoculum types were found. A high extent of biodegradation was observed in all sample types, with most samples achieving 60% to 95% biodegradation of all quantified compounds. Here, our findings indicate that alkene biodegradation is a common metabolic process in diverse environments and that nutrient levels common to culture media can support the growth of alkene-biodegrading consortia, primarily from the families Xanthamonadaceae, Nocardiaceae, and Beijerinkiaceae. IMPORTANCE Excess plastic waste poses a major environmental problem. Microorganisms can metabolize many of the breakdown products (alkenes) of plastics. While microbial degradation of plastics is typically slow, coupling chemical and biological processing of plastics has the potential to lead to novel methods for the upcycling of plastic wastes. Here, we explored how microbial consortia derived from diverse environments metabolize alkenes, which are produced by the pyrolysis of polyolefin plastics such as HDPE, and PP. We found that microbial consortia from diverse environments can rapidly metabolize alkenes of different chain lengths. We also explored how nutrients affect the rates of alkene breakdown and the microbial diversity of the consortia. Here, the findings indicate that alkene biodegradation is a common metabolism in diverse environments (farm compost, Caspian sediment, and iron-rich sediment) and that nutrient levels common to culture medium can support growth of alkene-biodegrading consortia, primarily from families Xanthamonadaceae, Nocardiaceae, and Beijerinkiaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Byrne
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - Simeon Schum
- Great Lakes Research Center, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - Laura Schaerer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - Stephen M. Techtmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
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22
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Wolff B, Qu ZW, Grimme S, Oestreich M. Discrimination of the Enantiotopic Faces of Structurally Unbiased Carbenium Ions Employing a Cyclohexadiene-Based Chiral Hydride Source. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202305295. [PMID: 37158564 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
An enantioselective reduction of simple carbenium ions with cyclohexadienes containing a hydridic C-H bond at an asymmetrically substituted carbon atom is disclosed. The net reaction is a transfer hydrogenation of alkenes (styrenes) only employing chiral cyclohexadienes as dihydrogen surrogates. The trityl cation is used to initiate a Brønsted acid-promoted process, in which a delicate intermolecular capture of a carbenium-ion intermediate by the aforementioned chiral hydride source is enantioselectivity determining. Exclusively non-covalent interactions are rendering one of the transition states energetically more favored, giving the reduction products in good enantiomeric ratios. The computed reaction mechanism supports the present findings as well as previous results obtained from studies on other transfer-hydrogenation methods involving the cyclohexadiene platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Wolff
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin, Institut für Chemie, GERMANY
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn, Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn, Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin, Chemistry, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, GERMANY
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23
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Yuan T, Wu Z, Zhai S, Wang R, Wu S, Cheng J, Zheng M, Wang X. Photosynthetic Fixation of CO2 in Alkenes by Heterogeneous Photoredox Catalysis with Visible Light. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202304861. [PMID: 37102784 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Light-driven fixation of CO2 in organics has emerged as an appealing alternative for the synthesis of value-added fine chemicals. Challenges remain in the transformation of CO2 as well as product selectivity due to its thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness. Here we develop a boron carbonitride (BCN) with the abundant terminal B/N defects around the mesoporous walls, which essentially enhances surface active sites as well as charge transfer kinetics, boosting the overall rate of CO2 adsorption and activation. In this protocol, anti-Markovnikov hydrocarboxylation of alkenes with CO2 to an extended carbon chain is achieved with good functional group tolerance and specific regioselectivity under visible light irradiation. The mechanistic studies demonstrate the formation of CO2 radical anion intermediate on defective boron carbonitride, leading to the anti-Markovnikov carboxylation. Gram-scale reaction, late-stage carboxylation of natural products and synthesis of anti-diabetic GPR40 agonists reveal the utility of this method. This study sheds new insight on the design and application of metal-free semiconductors for the conversion of CO2 in an atom-economic and sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yuan
- Fuzhou University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Ziwei Wu
- Fuzhou University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Senmao Zhai
- Fuzhou University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Rong Wang
- Fuzhou University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Shiwen Wu
- Fuzhou University, College of Chemistry, CHINA
| | | | | | - Xinchen Wang
- Fuzhou University, Chemistry, 523 Gongye Rd, Gulou, 350000, Fuzhou, CHINA
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24
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Dong Z, Tang Q, Xu C, Chen L, Ji H, Zhou S, Song L, Chen LA. Directed Asymmetric Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive 1,2-Diarylation of Electronically Unactivated Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218286. [PMID: 36719253 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal catalyzed intermolecular 1,2-diarylation of electronically unactivated alkenes has emerged as an extensive research topic in organic synthesis. However, most examples are mainly limited to terminal alkenes. Furthermore, transition-metal catalyzed asymmetric 1,2-diarylation of unactivated alkenes still remains unsolved and is a formidable challenge. Herein, we describe a highly efficient directed nickel-catalyzed reductive 1,2-diarylation of unactivated internal alkenes with high diastereoselectivities. More importantly, our further effort towards enantioselective 1,2-diarylation of the unactivated terminal and challenging internal alkenes is achieved, furnishing various polyarylalkanes featuring benzylic stereocenters in high yields and with good to high enantioselectivities and high diastereoselectivities. Interestingly, the generation of cationic Ni-catalyst by adding alkali metal fluoride is the key to increased efficiency of this enantioselective reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Dong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qiongyao Tang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Changyu Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Li Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haiting Ji
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Sitian Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Liangliang Song
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Liang-An Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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25
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Pal KB, Di Tommaso EM, Inge AK, Olofsson B. Stereospecific Photoredox-Catalyzed Vinylations to Function-alized Alkenes and C-Glycosides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301368. [PMID: 36920275 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
We report an efficient radical-mediated C-C coupling through photoredox-catalyzed reactions of 4-alkyl-dihydropyridines (DHPs) and vinylbenziodoxol(on)es (VBX, VBO). This transition-metal-free and mild photocatalytic method has excellent functional group tolerance and affords vinylated products in good yields, with complete retention of the alkene configuration. The utility of the methodology is demonstrated by the diastereoselective synthesis of C-vinyl glycosides. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the C-C bond formation is stereospecific and proceeds through a concerted radical coupling transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A Ken Inge
- Stockholms Universitet, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, SWEDEN
| | - Berit Olofsson
- Stockholms Universitet, Departemt of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, 106 91, Stockholm, SWEDEN
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26
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Kiyokawa K, Ishizuka M, Minakata S. Stereospecific Oxycyanation of Alkenes with Sulfonyl Cyanide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218743. [PMID: 36702752 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Oxycyanation of alkenes would allow the direct construction of useful β-hydroxy nitrile scaffolds. However, only limited examples of such reactions have been reported, and some problems including limited substrate scope and the lack of diastereocontrol in the case of the oxycyanation of internal alkenes have arisen. We herein report on the intermolecular oxycyanation of alkenes using p-toluenesulfonyl cyanide (TsCN) in the presence of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (B(C6 F5 )3 ) as a catalyst, affording products that contain a sulfinyloxy group and a cyano group at the vicinal position. The reaction features a stereospecific syn-addition. The reaction also shows a broad substrate scope with good functional group tolerance. Mechanistic investigations by experimental studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the reaction proceeds via an unprecedented stereospecific mechanism through the electrophilic cyanation of alkenes, in which B(C6 F5 )3 efficiently activates TsCN through the coordination of the cyano group to the boron center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Kiyokawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Miu Ishizuka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Minakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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27
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Zhu Y, Smith MJS, Tu W, Bower JF. A Stereospecific Alkene 1,2-Aminofunctionalization Platform for the Assembly of Complex Nitrogen-Containing Ring Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301262. [PMID: 36812298 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
TFA promoted deprotection of O-Ts activated N-Boc hydroxylamines triggers aminofunctionalization-based polycyclizations of tethered alkenes. The processes involve intramolecular stereospecific aza-Prilezhaev alkene aziridination in advance of stereospecific C-N cleavage by a pendant nucleophile. Using this approach, a wide range of fully intramolecular alkene anti-1,2-difunctionalizations can be achieved, including diaminations, amino-oxygenations and amino-arylations. Trends associated with the regioselectivity of the C-N cleavage step are outlined. The method provides a broad and predictable platform for accessing diverse C(sp3 )-rich polyheterocycles of relevance to medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Matthew J S Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Wenbin Tu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.,School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - John F Bower
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
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28
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Shimotsukue R, Fujii K, Sato Y, Nagashima Y, Tanaka K. Rhodium-Catalyzed Chemo-, Regio-, Diastereo-, and Enantioselective Intermolecular [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Three Unsymmetric 2π Components. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301346. [PMID: 36793254 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
We have developed the Rh+ /H8 -binap-catalyzed chemo-, regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective intermolecular [2+2+2] cycloaddition of three unsymmetric 2π components. Thus, two arylacetylenes react with a cis-enamide to yield a protected chiral cyclohexadienylamine. Moreover, replacing one arylacetylene with a silylacetylene enables the [2+2+2] cycloaddition of three distinct unsymmetric 2π components. These transformations proceed with excellent selectivity (complete regio- and diastereoselectivity and up to >99 % yield and >99 % ee). Mechanistic studies suggest the chemo- and regioselective formation of a rhodacyclopentadiene intermediate from the two terminal alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Shimotsukue
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Fujii
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Nagashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, 152-8550, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Wang J, Wang Y, Liang Y, Zhou L, Liu L, Zhang Z. Late-Stage Modification of Drugs via Alkene Formal Insertion into Benzylic C-F Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215062. [PMID: 36418222 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
C-F insertion of carbon-atom units is underdeveloped although it poses significant potential applications in both drug discovery and development. Herein, we report a photocatalytic protocol for late-stage modification of trifluoromethyl aromatic drugs involving formal insertion of abundant alkene feedstocks into a benzylic C-F bond selectively. This redox-neutral transformation features mild conditions and extraordinary functional group tolerance. Preliminary studies are consistent with this transformation involving a radical-polar crossover pathway. Additionally, it offers an alternative strategy for difunctionalization of alkenes via quenching of the carbocation intermediate with nucleophiles other than external fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, 321004, Jinhua, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, 321004, Jinhua, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, 321004, Jinhua, China
| | - Liejin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, 321004, Jinhua, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, 321004, Jinhua, China
| | - Zuxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, 321004, Jinhua, China
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30
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Angyal P, Kotschy AM, Dudás Á, Varga S, Soós T. Intertwining Olefin Thianthrenation with Kornblum/Ganem Oxidations: Ene-type Oxidation to Furnish α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyls. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214096. [PMID: 36408745 PMCID: PMC10108043 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A widely applicable, practical, and scalable synthetic method for efficient ene-type double oxidation of alkenes is reported via a two-step alkenyl thianthrenium umpolung/Kornblum-Ganem oxidation strategy. This chemo- and stereoselective procedure allows easy access to various α,β-unsaturated carbonyls that may be otherwise difficult or cumbersome to synthesize by conventional methods. For α-olefins, this metal-free transformation can be tuned according to synthetic needs to produce either the elusive (Z)-unsaturated aldehydes or their (E) counterparts. Moreover, this strategy has enabled streamlined synthesis of distinct butadienyl pheromones and kairomones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Angyal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András M Kotschy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dudás
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Varga
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Soós
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
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31
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Cheng YY, Hou HY, Liu Y, Yu JX, Chen B, Tung CH, Wu LZ. α-Acylation of Alkenes by a Single Photocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208831. [PMID: 36202761 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A direct strategy for the difunctionalization of alkenes, with acylation occurring at the more substituted alkene position, would be attractive for complex ketone synthesis. We report herein a reaction driven by a single photocatalyst that enables α-acylation in this way with the introduction of a fluoromethyl, alkyl, sulfonyl or thioether group at the β-position of the alkene with high chemo- and regioselectivity under extremely mild conditions. Crucial to the success of this method are rate differences in the kinetics of radical generation through single-electron transfer (SET) between different radical precursors and the excited photocatalyst (PC*). Thus, the β-position of the alkene is first occupied by the group derived from the radical precursor that can be generated most readily, and α-keto acids could be used as an electrophilic reagent for the α-acylation of alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Xin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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32
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Humblot A, Chave T, Amaniampong PN, Streiff S, Jérôme F. Sonochemically-Induced Reduction of Alkenes to Alkanes with Ammonia. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212719. [PMID: 36268788 PMCID: PMC10099763 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
With the progressive defossilization of our industry, hydrogen (H2 ) has been identified as a central molecule to store renewable electricity. In this context, ammonia (NH3 ) is now rapidly emerging as a promising hydrogen carrier for the future. This game change indirectly impacts the field of fine chemistry where hydrogenation reactions are widely deployed. In particular, the possibility of performing hydrogenation reactions using ammonia directly instead of hydrogen has become highly desirable but it remains a very difficult scientific task, which we address in this communication. Here we show that the N-H bond of NH3 can be cleaved within cavitation bubbles, generated by ultrasonic irradiation at a high frequency, leading to the in situ formation of a diimide, which then induces the hydrogenation of alkenes. Advantageously, this work does not involve any transition metal and releases N2 as a sole co-product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaelle Humblot
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, CNRS, 1 rue Marcel Doré, Bat B1 (ENSI-Poitiers), 86073, Poitiers, France
| | - Tony Chave
- Univ Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5257, ICSM, CEA, UM, ENSCM, Marcoule, France
| | - Prince N Amaniampong
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, CNRS, 1 rue Marcel Doré, Bat B1 (ENSI-Poitiers), 86073, Poitiers, France
| | - Stéphane Streiff
- Eco-Efficient Products and Process Laboratory, SOLVAY/CNRS, 3966 Jin Du Rd., Xin Zhuang Industrial Zone, Shanghai, 201108, China
| | - François Jérôme
- Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, CNRS, 1 rue Marcel Doré, Bat B1 (ENSI-Poitiers), 86073, Poitiers, France
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33
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Müller N, Schreib BS, Leutenegger SU, Carreira EM. Picolinamides and Iodoalkynes Enable Palladium-Catalyzed syn-Aminoalkynylation of Di- and Trisubstituted Alkenes to Give Pyrrolidines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204535. [PMID: 35445778 PMCID: PMC9545406 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed aminoalkynylation of electronically unbiased olefins with iodoalkynes is reported. The picolinamide auxiliary enables for the first time the syn-selective aminoalkynylation of mono-, di- and trisubstituted alkenes to afford the corresponding pyrrolidines in up to 97 % yield and as single diastereomers. Furthermore, through a C-H activation approach, the picolinamide allows the rapid synthesis of functionalized olefins, which are suitable cyclization precursors. Facile and orthogonal deprotection of the amides and Sii Pr3 -acetylenes in the products, and a subsequent Pictet-Spengler reaction is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Müller
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, HCI H335, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Benedikt S Schreib
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, HCI H335, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian U Leutenegger
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, HCI H335, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erick M Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, HCI H335, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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34
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Zhao L, Zhu Y, Liu M, Xie L, Liang J, Shi H, Meng X, Chen Z, Han J, Wang C. Ligand-Controlled NiH-Catalyzed Regiodivergent Chain-Walking Hydroalkylation of Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204716. [PMID: 35608276 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A NiH-catalyzed migratory hydroalkylation of alkenyl amines with predictable and switchable regioselectivity is reported. By utilizing a ligand-controlled, directing group-assisted strategy, various alkyl units are site-selectively installed at inert sp3 C-H sites far away from the original C=C bonds. A range of structurally diverse α- and β-branched protected amines are conveniently synthesized via stabilization of 5- and 6-membered nickelacycles respectively. This method exhibits broad scope and high functional group tolerance, and can be applied to late-stage modification of medicinally relevant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Yuqin Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Leipeng Xie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Jimin Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyang Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Jian Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
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He T, Qu ZW, Klare HFT, Grimme S, Oestreich M. Intermolecular Carbosilylation of α-Olefins with C(sp 3 )-C(sp) Bond Formation Involving Silylium-Ion Regeneration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203347. [PMID: 35344257 PMCID: PMC9321976 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A regioselective addition of alkynylsilanes across unactivated, terminal alkenes is reported. The reaction is initiated by the capture of a sterically unhindered silylium ion by a silylated phenylacetylene derivative to form a bis(silylated) ketene‐like carbocation. This in situ‐generated key intermediate is the actual catalyst that maintains the catalytic cycle by a series of electrophilic addition reactions of silylium ions and β‐silicon‐stabilized carbocations. The computed reaction mechanism is fully consistent with the experimental findings. This unprecedented two‐component carbosilylation establishes a C(sp3)−C(sp) bond and a C(sp3)−Si bond in atom‐economic fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstraße 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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36
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Chen BH, Du YD, Shu W. Organophotocatalytic Regioselective C-H Alkylation of Electron-Rich Arenes Using Activated and Unactivated Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200773. [PMID: 35286774 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Direct alkylation of the C-H bond arenes in a selective manner is a long-standing challenge. Herein, a metal-free photocatalytic regioselective C-H alkylation method for electron-rich arenes with both activated and unactivated alkenes was developed. The reaction tolerates a wide range of aromatic rings with diverse substitution patterns, as well as terminal and internal alkenes, providing a general and straightforward metal-free method for C-C bond formation from inert C-H bonds. Moreover, alkynes are also compatible to give the C-H vinylation of electron-rich arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Hong Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Dan Du
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
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37
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Chen M, Wu ZJ, Song J, Xu HC. Electrocatalytic Allylic C-H Alkylation Enabled by a Dual-Function Cobalt Catalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115954. [PMID: 35129253 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The direct functionalization of allylic C-H bonds with nucleophiles minimizes pre-functionalization and converts inexpensive, abundantly available materials to value-added alkenyl-substituted products but remains challenging. Here we report an electrocatalytic allylic C-H alkylation reaction with carbon nucleophiles employing an easily available cobalt-salen complex as the molecular catalyst. These C(sp3 )-H/C(sp3 )-H cross-coupling reactions proceed through H2 evolution and require no external chemical oxidants. Importantly, the mild conditions and unique electrocatalytic radical process ensure excellent functional group tolerance and substrate compatibility with both linear and branched terminal alkenes. The synthetic utility of the electrochemical method is highlighted by its scalability (up to 200 mmol scale) under low loading of electrolyte (down to 0.05 equiv) and its successful application in the late-stage functionalization of complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovative Collaboration Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zheng-Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovative Collaboration Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jinshuai Song
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Innovative Collaboration Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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38
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Cardoso ERC, Melo VF, Mazzetto JML, Vidal-Torrado P, Oliveira RO, Ramalho B, Bonfleur EJ. Organic matter quality by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and lead and arsenic adsorption. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 194:247. [PMID: 35246755 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09883-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The organic soils (Histosols) are important as filters for organic and inorganic pollutants, mainly because they are usually located on the banks of rivers and lakes. The aim of this study was to evaluate which functional groups of soil organic matter (SOM) most contribute for the Pb2+ and H2AsO4- adsorption in Histosols. This study used 20 samples (160 ~ 290 g kg-1 of organic carbon (OC) collected at 0-5 cm in five areas of Histosols from Curitiba, Southern of Brazil. Hydrofluoric acid (10%) was used to solubilize minerals to concentrate organic matter (391 to 510 g kg-1 of OC) in the samples. Samples having been submitted to pyrolysis in combination with gas chromatography (Py-GC/MS) that identified 186 organic compounds grouped based on their chemical similarity. The samples were saturated separately with Pb2+ and H2AsO4- under acid conditions (pH 4.0). The exchangeable (electrostatic interactions with SOM charges) and nonexchangeable (complexed to SOM) Pb2+ and H2AsO4- were determined for sequential methods (Ca(NO3)2 and EPA 3051A, respectively. Positive correlations occurred between exchangeable Pb2+ and phenolic compounds (r = 0.6, p < 0.05), lignin phenols (r = 0.5, p < 0.05), and sterols (r = 0.6, p < 0.05). For nonexchangeable Pb2+, there was a significant correlation with alkenes (r = 0.8, p < 0.01), alkanes (r = 0.8, p < 0.01), and methyl ketones (r = 0.7 p < 0.01). The exchangeable H2AsO4- is related to alkanes, alkenes, and methyl ketones. Therefore, in acid Histosols constituted of aliphatic organic matter tend to have less environmental fragility, due to the lesser transportation of these contaminants to other compartments like surface and subsurface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvaldo Renner Costa Cardoso
- Soil Science and Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Rua dos Funcionários, Curitiba, JuvevêPR, 154080035-050, Brazil
| | - Vander Freitas Melo
- Soil Science and Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Rua dos Funcionários, Curitiba, JuvevêPR, 154080035-050, Brazil.
| | - Josiane M L Mazzetto
- Soil Science and Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Rua dos Funcionários, Curitiba, JuvevêPR, 154080035-050, Brazil
| | - Pablo Vidal-Torrado
- Soil Science and Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Rua dos Funcionários, Curitiba, JuvevêPR, 154080035-050, Brazil
- Soil Science Department, ESALQ, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Otto Oliveira
- Soil Science and Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Rua dos Funcionários, Curitiba, JuvevêPR, 154080035-050, Brazil
| | - Bruna Ramalho
- Soil Science and Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Rua dos Funcionários, Curitiba, JuvevêPR, 154080035-050, Brazil
| | - Eloana Janice Bonfleur
- Soil Science and Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná State, Rua dos Funcionários, Curitiba, JuvevêPR, 154080035-050, Brazil
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He RD, Bai Y, Han GY, Zhao ZZ, Pang X, Pan X, Liu XY, Shu XZ. Reductive Alkylation of Alkenyl Acetates with Alkyl Bromides by Nickel Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114556. [PMID: 34862693 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic alkylation of stable alkenyl C-O electrophiles is synthetically appealing, but studies to date have typically focused on the reactions with alkyl Grignard reagents. We report herein a cross-electrophile reaction of alkenyl acetates with alkyl bromides. This work has enabled a new method for the synthesis of aliphatic alkenes from alkenyl acetates to be established that can be used to add more structural complexity and molecular diversity with enhanced functionality tolerance. The method allows for a gram-scale reaction and modification of biologically active molecules, and it affords access to useful building blocks. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal that the NiI species plays an essential role for the success of the coupling of these two reactivity-mismatched electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-De He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yunfei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Guan-Yu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaobo Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaobo Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xue-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xing-Zhong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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40
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Ni HQ, Li ZQ, Tran VT, Engle KM. Modular synthesis of non-conjugated N-(quinolin-8-yl) alkenyl amides via cross-metathesis. Tetrahedron 2021; 93:132279. [PMID: 34393281 PMCID: PMC8360400 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a direct and modular method to access non-conjugated alkenyl amides containing the 8-aminoquinoline (AQ) directing auxiliary and related groups via cross-metathesis. In this way, readily available, AQ-containing, terminal β,γ-unsaturated amides can be coupled with various terminal alkenes to furnish internal alkene products that are otherwise difficult to prepare. The value of this family of products stems from their ability to participate in a number of directed alkene functionalization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qi Ni
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Zi-Qi Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Van T Tran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Keary M Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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41
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Abstract
In this full article, a detailed study of a distal alkenyl C-H arylation and alkylation through the palladium/norbornene (NBE) cooperative catalysis is described. Both aminopyridine- and oxime ether-type directing groups have been found effective for this transformation, allowing functionalization of diverse allyl amines and homoallyl alcohols. In addition, the C5,C6-substititued NBEs show optimal reactivity and selectivity. Various cis-olefins can be transformed to the corresponding arylated or alkylated trisubstituted alkenes with excellent regio- and stereoselectivity. Preliminary mechanistic studies support the Catellani pathway instead of the Heck pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Nina Fatuzzo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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42
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Ura Y. Realization of Anti-Markovnikov Selectivity in Pd-Catalyzed Oxidative Acetalization and Wacker-Type Oxidation of Terminal Alkenes. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3458-3469. [PMID: 34021681 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic oxidative acetalization and Wacker-type oxidation of terminal alkenes normally proceed with Markovnikov selectivity to afford internally oxyfunctionalized compounds, such as internal acetals and ketones. Thus, the realization of anti-Markovnikov (AM) selectivity in these reactions is challenging. This account focuses on our recent development of Pd-catalyzed AM oxidation of terminal alkenes (mainly styrenes and aliphatic alkenes), that is, oxidative acetalization (oxidation to terminal acetals) and Wacker-type oxidation (oxidation to aldehydes). The key factors that enhance the yield and AM selectivity of the products found in our studies are: 1) the steric bulkiness of the oxygen nucleophiles that attack on the coordinated alkenes, 2) the electron-deficient cyclic alkenes as additives that withdraw electrons from Pd, 3) the slow addition of substrates in the case of the aliphatic alkenes, which suppresses the isomerization of the terminal alkenes into internal alkenes, and 4) the halogen directing groups in the case of aliphatic alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Ura
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, Kitauoyanishi-machi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
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43
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White DR, Bornowski EC, Wolfe JP. Pd-Catalyzed C-C, C-N, and C-O Bond-Forming Difunctionalization Reactions of Alkenes Bearing Tethered Aryl/Alkenyl Triflates. Isr J Chem 2021; 60:259-267. [PMID: 33664525 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years our group has described a new type of alkene difunctionalization reaction in which aryl or alkenyl triflates bearing tethered alkenes are coupled with various nucleophiles to afford carbocyclic products. The products are formed in moderate to good chemical yield, with generally high levels of stereoselectivity. Our progress to date in this area, which includes reactions of amine, alcohol, enolate, and indole nucleophiles, is described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derick R White
- Derick R. White, Evan C. Bornowski, John P. Wolfe Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA
| | - Evan C Bornowski
- Derick R. White, Evan C. Bornowski, John P. Wolfe Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA
| | - John P Wolfe
- Derick R. White, Evan C. Bornowski, John P. Wolfe Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA
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Tolentino CMC, de Luna MDG, Futalan CM, Choi AES, Manegdeg FG, Grisdanurak N. Influence of hydrocarbons on hydrogen chloride removal from refinery off-gas by zeolite NaY derived from rice husks. Sci Total Environ 2020; 728:138782. [PMID: 32570332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The removal of gaseous hydrochloric acid (HCl) in refineries and petrochemical plants is essential to prevent potential catalyst poisoning, equipment corrosion, and several associated public health and environmental hazards when the acid contaminates the hydrogen-hydrocarbon feedstock. In the present work, the effect of alkanes, alkenes, and liquid aromatic hydrocarbons on the removal of HCl from refinery off-gas using zeolite NaY was evaluated. Zeolite NaY was synthesized from rice husks via a hydrothermal route. Adsorbent characterization analyses such as XRD, SEM-EDS, FT-IR, BET and particle size distribution were employed. Fixed-bed experiments were operated under feed condition of 600 ppm HCl and gas hourly space velocity of 640 mL/h·cm3. Gaseous HCl was combined with H2, H2-alkanes and H2-alkenes to simulate the main components of refinery-off gas. Experimental breakthrough curves were used to determine the adsorption capacities of zeolite NaY pellets at breakthrough and saturation. HCl removal by fresh zeolite NaY was inhibited by light alkanes but improved in the presence of alkenes. The adsorption capacity at breakthrough for fresh zeolite with combined hydrogen and light alkenes was measured at 0.1507 g/g. In the presence of aromatics, significant reduction in adsorption capacities to 0.1247, 0.1379 and 0.1437 g/g were obtained for adsorbents subjected to H2, H2-alkanes and H2-alkenes respectively. Zeolite NaY consistently showed higher performance for HCl removal in the presence of H2 feed mixed with light hydrocarbons compared with a commercial adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina May C Tolentino
- Energy Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Mark Daniel G de Luna
- Energy Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines.
| | - Cybelle M Futalan
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Angelo Earvin Sy Choi
- University Core Research Center for Disaster-free and Safety Ocean City Construction, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Ferdinand G Manegdeg
- Energy Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Nurak Grisdanurak
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Catalysis and Adsorption, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120 Thailand.
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45
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Ghaemdoost F, Shafiei F. Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship study for Prediction of boiling point and enthalpy of vaporization of alkenes. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2020; 17:725-738. [PMID: 32586259 DOI: 10.2174/1573409916666200625141758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Quantitative structure- property relationships (QSPRs) models have been widely developed to derive correlation between chemical structures of molecules to their known properties. In this study, QSPR models have been carried out on 91 alkenes to develop a robust model for the prediction of enthalpy of vaporization at standard condition (∆H°vap/kJ.mol-1) and normal temperature of boiling points (T˚bp /K) of alkenes. METHODS A training set of 81 structurally diverse alkenes was randomly selected and used to construct QSPR models. These models were optimized using backward -multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis. The Genetic algorithm and multiple linear regression analysis (GA-MLR) were used to select the suitable descriptors derived from the Dragon software. RESULTS The multicollinearity properties of the descriptors contributed in the QSPR models were tested and several method were used for testing the predictive models power such as Leave-One-Out (LOO) crossvalidation(Q2 LOO), the five-fold cross-validation techniques, external validation parameters (Q2F1, Q2F2, Q2F3), the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and the predictive parameter R2m . CONCLUSION The predictive ability of the models were found to be satisfactory, and the five descriptors in three blocks namely connectivity, edge adjacency indices and 2D matrix-based descriptors could be used to predict the mentioned properties of alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghaemdoost
- Department of Chemistry, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak. Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shafiei
- Department of Chemistry, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak. Iran
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Martin J, Knüpfer C, Eyselein J, Färber C, Grams S, Langer J, Thum K, Wiesinger M, Harder S. Highly Active Superbulky Alkaline Earth Metal Amide Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Challenging Alkenes and Aromatic Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9102-9112. [PMID: 32045078 PMCID: PMC7318605 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two series of bulky alkaline earth (Ae) metal amide complexes have been prepared: Ae[N(TRIP)2 ]2 (1-Ae) and Ae[N(TRIP)(DIPP)]2 (2-Ae) (Ae=Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba; TRIP=SiiPr3 , DIPP=2,6-diisopropylphenyl). While monomeric 1-Ca was already known, the new complexes have been structurally characterized. Monomers 1-Ae are highly linear while the monomers 2-Ae are slightly bent. The bulkier amide complexes 1-Ae are by far the most active catalysts in alkene hydrogenation with activities increasing from Mg to Ba. Catalyst 1-Ba can reduce internal alkenes like cyclohexene or 3-hexene and highly challenging substrates like 1-Me-cyclohexene or tetraphenylethylene. It is also active in arene hydrogenation reducing anthracene and naphthalene (even when substituted with an alkyl) as well as biphenyl. Benzene could be reduced to cyclohexane but full conversion was not reached. The first step in catalytic hydrogenation is formation of an (amide)AeH species, which can form larger aggregates. Increasing the bulk of the amide ligand decreases aggregate size but it is unclear what the true catalyst(s) is (are). DFT calculations suggest that amide bulk also has a noticeable influence on the thermodynamics for formation of the (amide)AeH species. Complex 1-Ba is currently the most powerful Ae metal hydrogenation catalyst. Due to tremendously increased activities in comparison to those of previously reported catalysts, the substrate scope in hydrogenation catalysis could be extended to challenging multi-substituted unactivated alkenes and even to arenes among which benzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Martin
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Christian Knüpfer
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jonathan Eyselein
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Christian Färber
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Samuel Grams
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jens Langer
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Katharina Thum
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Michael Wiesinger
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Chair of Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
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Lozinski OA, Bistodeau J, Bennetau-Pelissero C, Khilya VP, Shinkaruk S. Assembling the prenylneoflavone system through a Pechmann condensation/Mitsunobu reaction/Claisen rearrangement/olefin cross-metathesis sequence. Monatsh Chem 2020;:1-6. [PMID: 32346184 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-020-02584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The multistep synthesis of a prenylneoflavone through a sequence of the Mitsunobu reaction/Claisen rearrangement/olefin cross-metathesis reaction has been accomplished in 5% yield over six steps starting from commercially available 3-methoxyacetophenone. The sequence is shown to be compatible with a Pechmann condensation which proved to be a robust and cost-effective method for the assembling of the α-pyrone core. The results open doors to a general approach to the prenylneoflavone system starting from phenol and acetophenone derivatives. Graphic abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00706-020-02584-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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48
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Mecozzi F, Dong JJ, Angelone D, Browne WR, Eisink NNHM. Oxidative Cleavage of Alkene C=C Bonds Using a Manganese Catalyzed Oxidation with H 2O 2 Combined with Periodate Oxidation. European J Org Chem 2019; 2019:7151-7158. [PMID: 31866758 PMCID: PMC6899713 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A one‐pot multi‐step method for the oxidative cleavage of alkenes to aldehydes/ketones under ambient conditions is described as an alternative to ozonolysis. The first step is a highly efficient manganese catalyzed epoxidation/cis‐dihydroxylation of alkenes. This step is followed by an Fe(III) assisted ring opening of the epoxide (where necessary) to a 1,2‐diol. Carbon–carbon bond cleavage is achieved by treatment of the diol with sodium periodate. The conditions used in each step are not only compatible with the subsequent step(s), but also provide for increased conversion compared to the equivalent reactions carried out on the isolated intermediate compounds. The described procedure allows for carbon–carbon bond cleavage in the presence of other alkenes, oxidation sensitive moieties and other functional groups; the mild conditions (r.t.) used in all three steps make this a viable general alternative to ozonolysis and especially for use under flow or continuous batch conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mecozzi
- Molecular Inorganic ChemistryStratingh Institute for ChemistryFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jia Jia Dong
- Molecular Inorganic ChemistryStratingh Institute for ChemistryFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Davide Angelone
- Molecular Inorganic ChemistryStratingh Institute for ChemistryFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Wesley R. Browne
- Molecular Inorganic ChemistryStratingh Institute for ChemistryFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Niek N. H. M. Eisink
- USSEFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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49
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Babij NR, Boothe JR, McKenna GM, Fornwald RM, Wolfe JP. Stereocontrolled synthesis of bicyclic ureas and sulfamides via Pd-catalyzed alkene carboamination reactions. Tetrahedron 2019; 75:4228-4243. [PMID: 31866698 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of bicyclic ureas and sulfamides via palladium-catalyzed alkene carboamination reactions between aryl/alkenyl halides/triflates and alkenes bearing pendant cyclic sulfamides and ureas is described. The substrates for these reactions are generated in 3-5 steps from commercially available materials, and products are obtained in good yield with up to >20:1 diastereoselectivity. The stereochemical outcome of the sulfamide alkene addition is consistent with a mechanism involving anti-aminopalladation of the alkene, whereas the stereochemical outcome of the urea alkene addition is consistent with a syn-aminopalladation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Babij
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA
| | - Jordan R Boothe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA
| | - Grace M McKenna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA
| | - Ryan M Fornwald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA
| | - John P Wolfe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA
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50
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Abstract
Bromofluorination reactions were performed by treating of a variety of unsaturated compounds with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and DMPU/HF as the fluorinating reagent. The DMPU/HF complex showed to be an efficient fluorinating reagent to convert alkenes into their corresponding bromofluoro compounds. It showed to have high reactivity and the process afforded bromofluorinated products with good Markovnikov regioselectivity. These fluorinated compounds are useful starting materials and serve as building blocks for many fluorinated biologically active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzong Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Francis J Barrios
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Bellarmine University, Louisville, Kentucky, 40205, United States
| | - Otome E Okoromoba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Zofia Hetman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Bo Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Gerald B Hammond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
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