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Gonzalez BC, Conde-Vela VM, Osborn KJ. Synonymization of two, monotypic black-coral-commensal scale worm genera, Antipathipolyeunoa Pettibone, 1991 and Parahololepidella Pettibone, 1969 (Polynoidae, Aphroditiformia). Zookeys 2023; 1178:61-68. [PMID: 37692918 PMCID: PMC10492036 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1178.106101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Parahololepidella Pettibone, 1969 is a polynoid genus commensal with the antipatharian genus Tanacetipathes Opresko, 2001. These scale worms are elongate with numerous segments and small elytra. To date, the only other known polynoid associated with Tanacetipathes is Antipathipolyeunoa Pettibone, 1991. By re-examining the holotype of Antipathipolyeunoa, we have identified several overlooked characters that no longer distinguish this genus from Parahololepidella. Based on the presence of chaetae on the tentacular segment and elytral irregularity on posterior segments, we propose synonymizing Antipathipolyeunoa with Parahololepidella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett C. Gonzalez
- Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, P.O. Box 37012, Washington D.C., USANational Museum of Natural History, Department of Invertebrate ZoologyWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Victor M. Conde-Vela
- Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, P.O. Box 37012, Washington D.C., USANational Museum of Natural History, Department of Invertebrate ZoologyWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Karen J. Osborn
- Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, P.O. Box 37012, Washington D.C., USANational Museum of Natural History, Department of Invertebrate ZoologyWashingtonUnited States of America
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Molodtsova TN, Opresko DM, Wagner D. Description of a new and widely distributed species of Bathypathes (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia: Schizopathidae) previously misidentified as Bathypathes alternata Brook, 1889. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12638. [PMID: 35186449 PMCID: PMC8833236 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For many years an undescribed species of the genus Bathypathes has been misidentified as Bathypathes alternata Brook, 1889 (a species currently re-assigned to the genus Alternatipathes). This new species is rather common at mid- and lower bathyal depths of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans, often in areas with high concentrations of commercially valuable cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts, where it was observed in underwater photo and video transects to occur in high densities. Under the name B. alternata this species is recorded in several inventories and databases. There is an urgent need for a formal description of this misidentified and widely distributed species to avoid further confusion. The new species is superficially similar to A. alternata in having a monopodial corallum and simple, bilateral and alternately arranged pinnules. However, it differs from the former in that it has an upright corallum with a straight pinnulated part (vs. a horizontally bent pinnulated part), pinnules of uniform length and density (vs. decreasing regularly distally), and a constant distal angle formed by the pinnules and the stem along different parts of the corallum (vs. a decreasing distal angle near the top). The new species can therefore be easily distinguished from A. alternata in underwater imagery. We formally describe this new species in the genus Bathypathes and assign it the new name B. pseudoalternata. An extensive synonymy list with previous misidentified records is provided. To evaluate the distributional patterns of the new species we review the geographic distribution of antipatharians reported below 800 m. The majority of the hitherto described lower bathyal and abyssal species have been recorded from one biogeographic province; however, 20 species are known from more than two provinces, and only three species are widely distributed (>5 provinces), including the newly described Bathypathes pseudoalternata. Members of the family Schizopathidae, to which the new species belongs, represent the majority of the lower bathyal (50.54%) and abyssal (82.35%) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina N. Molodtsova
- P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dennis M. Opresko
- U.S. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Daniel Wagner
- Conservation International, Center for Oceans, Arlington, VA, United States
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Nowacki K, Stępniak I, Langer E, Tsurkan M, Wysokowski M, Petrenko I, Khrunyk Y, Fursov A, Bo M, Bavestrello G, Joseph Y, Ehrlich H. Electrochemical Approach for Isolation of Chitin from the Skeleton of the Black Coral Cirrhipathes sp. ( Antipatharia). Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18060297. [PMID: 32498448 PMCID: PMC7344944 DOI: 10.3390/md18060297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel and effective methods for the isolation of chitin, which remains one of the fundamental aminopolysaccharides within skeletal structures of diverse marine invertebrates, is still relevant. In contrast to numerous studies on chitin extraction from crustaceans, mollusks and sponges, there are only a few reports concerning its isolation from corals, and especially black corals (Antipatharia). In this work, we report the stepwise isolation and identification of chitin from Cirrhipathes sp. (Antipatharia, Antipathidae) for the first time. The proposed method, aiming at the extraction of the chitinous scaffold from the skeleton of black coral species, combined a well-known chemical treatment with in situ electrolysis, using a concentrated Na2SO4 aqueous solution as the electrolyte. This novel method allows the isolation of α-chitin in the form of a microporous membrane-like material. Moreover, the extracted chitinous scaffold, with a well-preserved, unique pore distribution, has been extracted in an astoundingly short time (12 h) compared to the earlier reported attempts at chitin isolation from Antipatharia corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Nowacki
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.N.); (I.S.); ; (H.E.)
| | - Izabela Stępniak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.N.); (I.S.); ; (H.E.)
| | - Enrico Langer
- Institute of Semiconductors and Microsystems, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Mikhail Tsurkan
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Marcin Wysokowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland;
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (I.P.); (A.F.); (Y.J.)
| | - Iaroslav Petrenko
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (I.P.); (A.F.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yuliya Khrunyk
- Department of Heat Treatment and Physics of Metal, Ural Federal University, Mira Str. 19, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia;
- The Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya Str. 20, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia
| | - Andriy Fursov
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (I.P.); (A.F.); (Y.J.)
| | - Marzia Bo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Giorgio Bavestrello
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Yvonne Joseph
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (I.P.); (A.F.); (Y.J.)
| | - Hermann Ehrlich
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner str. 3, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (I.P.); (A.F.); (Y.J.)
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.N.); (I.S.); ; (H.E.)
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Balinski A, Sun Y. Fenxiang biota: a new Early Ordovician shallow-water fauna with soft-part preservation from China. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2015; 60:812-818. [PMID: 26317040 PMCID: PMC4544546 DOI: 10.1007/s11434-015-0762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Our perception of biodiversity in the geological past is incomplete and biased because most organisms did not have mineralized skeletons and therefore had little chance of fossilization. This especially refers to shallow-water marine environments, rarely represented by localities with exceptional preservation of fossil material (known as taphonomic windows or Konservat-Lagerstätten). Such extraordinary “windows” may markedly broaden our knowledge of biodiversity of the past. Here, we show a review of the invertebrate fossils from recently discovered locality in the Lower Ordovician Fenxiang Formation of Hubei Province in southern China revealing exceptional preservation of soft tissues. The fauna, generally of shallow-water aspect, contains linguloid brachiopods with a remarkably preserved pedicle, the oldest traces of nematode life activities, the oldest reliable record of hydroids, the first fossil antipatharian corals, a pyritized colonial organism of unknown affinity, supposed arthropod appendages, probable phosphatized scalidophoran worm embryo and other fossils. Our discovery supports the opinion that the famous soft-bodied preservation of Burgess Shale- or Chengjiang-type did not vanish from the fossil record in post-Cambrian times. The new finding represents a prelude to the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event and provides evidence for calibration of molecular clock of several invertebrate lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Balinski
- Instytut Paleobiologii PAN, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Yuanlin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
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Abstract
The stalked barnacle Oxynaspisgracilis, the chirostylid squat lobster Uroptychus sp., and the caridean shrimps Periclimenescf.antipathophilus and Pseudopontonidesprincipis have been collected at 68-124 m by a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) on banks in the northern Gulf of Mexico. These species inhabited six species of antipatharian hosts. Pseudopontonidesprincipis, Oxynaspisgracilis, and Uroptychus sp. were not confined to a single host species. Except for Oxynaspisgracilis, collected by ROV in 2004-2005, these species have not been reported previously in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Wicksten
- Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station Texas U.S.A. 77843-3258
| | - Marissa F Nuttall
- Flower Gardens Banks National Marine Sanctuary, 4700 Avenue U, Galveston, Texas 77551 U.S.A
| | - Emma L Hickerson
- Flower Gardens Banks National Marine Sanctuary, 4700 Avenue U, Galveston, Texas 77551 U.S.A
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Horká I, De Grave S, Duriš Z. A new species of shrimp of the genus Anachlorocurtis Hayashi, 1975 from the Red Sea, with range extension of A. commensalis Hayashi, 1975 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Pandalidae). Zookeys 2014:9-28. [PMID: 24899829 PMCID: PMC4042701 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.407.7457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of pandalid shrimp Anachlorocurtis occidentalissp. n., associated with antipatharian corals, is described and illustrated from the north-eastern Red Sea. This new species is closely related to Anachlorocurtis commensalis Hayashi, 1975, the only other species in the genus, and can be distinguished by the more slender body and appendages; the carapace with 3 large, and one small, subtriangular lobes in the middorsal line; a flattened dorsal outline of the third abdominal segment; the sixth abdominal segment twice as long as fifth one; propodi of the ambulatory pereiopods bearing only a single posterior spinule; and harbouring 3–5 pairs of dorsolateral spines on the telson. A revised generic diagnosis is provided here to accommodate the present new species. The genetic divergence of mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) between Anachlorocurtis occidentalis sp. n., and A. commensalis is 15.2–15.4%. Molecular analysis also confirmed a sister position of the genus Anachlorocurtis to Miropandalus. The present records of A. commensalis from Taiwan constitute an extension of the known range of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Horká
- University of Ostrava, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Chittussiho 10, CZ-71000 Ostrava, Czech Republic ; Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Viničná 7, CZ-12844 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sammy De Grave
- Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PW, United Kingdom
| | - Zdeněk Duriš
- University of Ostrava, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Chittussiho 10, CZ-71000 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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