Apo A1/Apo B ratio and acute coronary syndrome among peritoneal dialysis patients

BACKGROUND

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is prevalent in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. However, the association between the apoprotein profile and ACS is not well known. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between apoproteins and ACS in CAPD patients.

METHODS

Eighty-one CAPD patients were included in this retrospective study. The primary endpoint was ACS. Predictors were baseline apoprotein levels, particularly the ratio of apoprotein A1 (Apo A1)/apoprotein B (Apo B). Cox regression was used to determine the relationship between Apo A1/Apo B and ACS.

RESULTS

During follow-up, 34 (41.98%) CAPD patients experienced an ACS. ACS patients had higher levels of total cholesterol (p = 0.03), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p = 0.04), C-reactive protein (p = 0.01), and Apo B (p < 0.01). However, hemoglobin (p = 0.01) and Apo A1/Apo B (p < 0.01) were lower in the ACS group than the non-ACS group. Patients with Apo A1/Apo B ≥ 1.105 experienced fewer ACS compared with those with Apo A1/Apo B < 1.105 (33.33% vs. 75.56%, p = 0.03). In Cox regression, Apo A1/Apo B (RR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.00-0.77; p = 0.03) was independently associated with ACS.

CONCLUSIONS

Apo A1/Apo B was strongly associated with ACS and may be considered as a predictor of future ACS in CAPD patients.

Long noncoding RNAs APOA1-AS, IFNG-AS1, RMRP and their related biomolecules in Egyptian patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Relation to disease activity and patient disability

Lately, long noncoding (lnc) RNAs are increasingly appreciated for their involvement in multiple sclerosis (MS). In inflammation and autoimmunity, a role of apoprotein A1 (ApoA1), mediated by sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs), was reported. However, the epigenetic mechanisms regulating these biomolecules and their role in MS remains elusive. This case control study investigated the role of ApoA1, sphingosine kinase 1 and 2 (SPHK1 & 2), S1PR1 & 5, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 17 (IL17) in MS, beside three lncRNA: APOA1-AS, IFNG-AS1, and RMRP. Expression of SPHKs, S1PRs, and lncRNAs were measured in 72 relapsing-remitting MS patients (37 during relapse and 35 in remission) and 28 controls. Plasma levels of ApoA1, IFN-γ and IL17 were determined. The impact of these parameters on MS activity, relapse rate and patient disability was assessed. APOA1-AS, IFNG-AS1, SPHK1 & 2, and S1PR5 were upregulated in RRMS patients. Differences in ApoA1, SPHK2, and IL17 were observed between relapse and remission. Importantly, ApoA1, SPHK2, and IL17 were related to activity, while S1PR1 and IFN-γ were linked to disability, though, only IFN-γ was associated with relapse rate. Finally, an excellent diagnostic power of IFN-γ, IL17, SPHK1 and APOA1-AS was demonstrated, whereas SPHK2 showed promising prognostic power in predicting relapses.