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Feng F, Liu Z, Tang X, Wu X, Qu C, How SW, Wu D, Xiao R, Tang CJ, Lin Z, Chai L, Chen GH. Dosing with pyrite significantly increases anammox performance: Its role in the electron transfer enhancement and the functions of the Fe-N-S cycle. Water Res 2023; 229:119393. [PMID: 36442270 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) represents an energy-efficient process for biological nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich wastewater. However, there are mechanistic issues unsolved regarding the low microbial electron transfer and undesired accumulation of nitrate in treated water, limiting its widespread engineering applications. We found that the addition of pyrite (1 g L-1 reactor), an earth-abundant iron-bearing sulfide mineral, to the anammox system significantly improved the nitrogen removal rate by 52% in long-term operation at a high substrate shock loading (3.86 kg N m-3 d-1). Two lines of evidence were presented to unravel the underlying mechanisms of the pyrite-induced enhancement. Physiochemical evidence indicated that an increase of cytochromes c and Fe-S protein was responsible for the accelerated electron transfer among metabolic enzymes. Multi-omics evidence showed that the depletion of nitrate was attributed to the Fe-N-S cycle driven by nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation and S-based denitrification. This study deepens our understanding of the roles of electron transfer and the Fe-N-S cycle in anammox systems, providing a fundamental basis for the development of mediators in the anammox process for practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Feng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Zhigong Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xi Tang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Caiyan Qu
- Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, and Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Seow Wah How
- Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, and Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Di Wu
- Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, and Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Ruiyang Xiao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Chong-Jian Tang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Zhang Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Liyuan Chai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Guang-Hao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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