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Lange KI, Tsiropoulou S, Kucharska K, Blacque OE. Interpreting the pathogenicity of Joubert syndrome missense variants in Caenorhabditis elegans. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm.046631. [PMID: 33234550 PMCID: PMC7859701 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.046631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciliopathies are inherited disorders caused by defects in motile and non-motile (primary) cilia. Ciliopathy syndromes and associated gene variants are often highly pleiotropic and represent exemplars for interrogating genotype-phenotype correlations. Towards understanding disease mechanisms in the context of ciliopathy mutations, we have used a leading model organism for cilia and ciliopathy research, Caenorhabditis elegans, together with gene editing, to characterise two missense variants (P74S and G155S) in mksr-2/B9D2 associated with Joubert syndrome (JBTS). B9D2 functions within the Meckel syndrome (MKS) module at the ciliary base transition zone (TZ) compartment and regulates the molecular composition and sensory/signalling functions of the cilium. Quantitative assays of cilium/TZ structure and function, together with knock-in reporters, confirm that both variant alleles are pathogenic in worms. G155S causes a more severe overall phenotype and disrupts endogenous MKSR-2 organisation at the TZ. Recapitulation of the patient biallelic genotype shows that compound heterozygous worms phenocopy worms homozygous for P74S. The P74S and G155S alleles also reveal evidence of a very close functional association between the B9D2-associated B9 complex and MKS-2/TMEM216. Together, these data establish C. elegans as a model for interpreting JBTS mutations and provide further insight into MKS module organisation. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen I Lange
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sofia Tsiropoulou
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Katarzyna Kucharska
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Oliver E Blacque
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Guan Y, Liu L, Jia Q, Jin X, Pang Y, Meng F, Zhang X, Shen H. The Role of Cell Growth-Related Gene Copy Number Variation in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:409-416. [PMID: 31494809 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01880-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is a recurrent and refractory clinical endocrine disease. Some studies have shown that the incidence of AITD is not only related to iodine, a kind of environmental factor, but that susceptibility genes also play a crucial role in its pathogenesis. Since research on susceptibility genes is still underway, the aims of this study were to assess the association between copy number variations (CNVs) and AITD, to identify genes related to susceptibility to AITD, and to explore the risk factors in the occurrence of AITD. Blood samples from five AITD patients and five controls from each area were assessed by chromosome microarray to identify candidate genes. The copy number (CN) of the candidate genes and urinary iodine levels were determined in adults, including 158 AITD patients and 181 controls, from areas having different iodine statuses. The cell growth-related genes, glypican 5 (GPC5), B9 domain containing 2 (B9D2), and ankyrin repeat and suppressor of cytokine signaling [SOCS] box-containing protein family 11 (ASB11), were selected as the candidate genes. The distribution of GPC5, B9D2, and ASB11 CNVs in AITD patients and controls was significantly different, and high urinary iodine levels and GPC5 CNVs are risk factors for AITD. There was no significant association between urinary iodine level and CNVs of the candidate genes. High urinary iodine levels and GPC5 CNVs are risk factors for AITD, but an association with the occurrence of AITD was not found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Guan
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Harbin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, China
| | - Lixiang Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingzhen Jia
- Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Shanxi Province, Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | - Xing Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Pang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fangang Meng
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongmei Shen
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Radhakrishnan P, Nayak SS, Shukla A, Lindstrand A, Girisha KM. Meckel syndrome: Clinical and mutation profile in six fetuses. Clin Genet 2019; 96:560-565. [PMID: 31411728 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Meckel syndrome (MKS) is a perinatally lethal, genetically heterogeneous, autosomal recessive condition caused by defective primary cilium formation leading to polydactyly, multiple cysts in kidneys and malformations of nervous system. We performed exome sequencing in six fetuses from six unrelated families with MKS. We identified seven novel variants in B9D2, TNXDC15, CC2D2A, CEP290 and TMEM67. We describe the second family with MKS due to a homozygous variant in B9D2 and fifth family with bi-allelic variant in TXNDC15. Our data validates the causation of MKS by pathogenic variation in B9D2 and TXNDC15 and also adds novel variants in CC2D2A, CEP290 and TMEM67 to the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periyasamy Radhakrishnan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Shalini S Nayak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Anju Shukla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Anna Lindstrand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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