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Sagrero-Fabela N, Ortíz-Lazareno PC, Salazar-Camarena DC, Cruz A, Cerpa-Cruz S, Muñoz-Valle JF, Marín-Rosales M, Alvarez-Gómez JA, Palafox-Sánchez CA. BAFFR expression in circulating T follicular helper (CD4 +CXCR5 +PD-1 +) and T peripheral helper (CD4 +CXCR5 -PD-1 +) cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2023; 32:1093-1104. [PMID: 37460408 DOI: 10.1177/09612033231189804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) and T peripheral helper (Tph) subpopulations are shown to be higher in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and have been involved in promoting extrafollicular B cell responses. However, a possible association with the B cell activating factor (BAFF), a cytokine mainly related to B cell responses and disease activity in SLE, has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association of cTfh and Tph subpopulations with the BAFF system expression and clinical activity in SLE patients. METHODS This study included 43 SLE patients and 12 healthy subjects (HS). The identification of cTfh (CD4+CXCR5+PD-1+), Tph (CD4+CXCR5-PD-1+) cells, expression of membrane-bound BAFF (mBAFF), BAFFR, TACI, BCMA, and intracellular IL-21 was performed by flow cytometry. Serum levels of IL-21, CXCL13, and BAFF were analyzed using ELISA. The SLEDAI-2K score was used to evaluate disease activity in SLE patients. RESULTS Compared with HS, SLE patients showed a significantly increased percentage of cTfh and Tph cells, higher in patients with clearly active disease. SLE patients had markedly higher IL-21-producing cTfh and Tph cells than HS. Both subpopulations were positively correlated with the disease activity in SLE patients. Tph cells were negatively correlated with CD19+CXCR5+ B cells and positively correlated with CD19+CXCR5- B cells. A low expression of mBAFF and their receptors TACI and BCMA was found on cTfh and Tph cells in SLE patients and HS. However, SLE patients with clearly active disease showed decreased expression of BAFFR on cTfh and Tph subpopulations than patients with mildly active/nonactive disease. Serum IL-21, CXCL13, and BAFF levels were higher in SLE patients than in HS. Levels of CXCL13 were correlated with disease activity. Non-significant correlations were observed among T cell subpopulations and IL-21, CXCL13, and BAFF levels. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes the importance of cTfh and Tph cells in SLE pathogenesis. Besides the importance of IL-21, our results suggest that BAFFR could play a role in cTfh and Tph subpopulations in the autoimmunity context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefertari Sagrero-Fabela
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas (DCB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Pablo C Ortíz-Lazareno
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, México
| | - Diana C Salazar-Camarena
- Grupo de Inmunología Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Alvaro Cruz
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Sergio Cerpa-Cruz
- Departamento de Reumatología, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, México
| | - José F Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Miguel Marín-Rosales
- Grupo de Inmunología Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
- Hospital General de Occidente, Secretaría de Salud Jalisco, Guadalajara, México
| | - Jhonatan A Alvarez-Gómez
- Doctorado en Ciencias en Biología Molecular en Medicina (DCBMM), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Claudia A Palafox-Sánchez
- Grupo de Inmunología Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
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2
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Block V, Sevdali E, Recher M, Abolhassani H, Hammarstrom L, Smulski CR, Baronio M, Plebani A, Proietti M, Speletas M, Warnatz K, Voll RE, Lougaris V, Schneider P, Eibel H. CVID-Associated B Cell Activating Factor Receptor Variants Change Receptor Oligomerization, Ligand Binding, and Signaling Responses. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:391-405. [PMID: 36308663 PMCID: PMC9616699 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01378-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Binding of the B cell activating factor (BAFF) to its receptor (BAFFR) activates in mature B cells many essential pro-survival functions. Null mutations in the BAFFR gene result in complete BAFFR deficiency and cause a block in B cell development at the transition from immature to mature B cells leading therefore to B lymphopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia. In addition to complete BAFFR deficiency, single nucleotide variants encoding BAFFR missense mutations were found in patients suffering from common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), autoimmunity, or B cell lymphomas. As it remained unclear to which extent such variants disturb the activity of BAFFR, we performed genetic association studies and developed a cellular system that allows the unbiased analysis of BAFFR variants regarding oligomerization, signaling, and ectodomain shedding. METHODS In addition to genetic association studies, the BAFFR variants P21R, A52T, G64V, DUP92-95, P146S, and H159Y were expressed by lentiviral gene transfer in DG-75 Burkitt's lymphoma cells and analyzed for their impacts on BAFFR function. RESULTS Binding of BAFF to BAFFR was affected by P21R and A52T. Spontaneous oligomerization of BAFFR was disturbed by P21R, A52T, G64V, and P146S. BAFF-dependent activation of NF-κB2 was reduced by P21R and P146S, while interactions between BAFFR and the B cell antigen receptor component CD79B and AKT phosphorylation were impaired by P21R, A52T, G64V, and DUP92-95. P21R, G64V, and DUP92-95 interfered with phosphorylation of ERK1/2, while BAFF-induced shedding of the BAFFR ectodomain was only impaired by P21R. CONCLUSION Although all variants change BAFFR function and have the potential to contribute as modifiers to the development of primary antibody deficiencies, autoimmunity, and lymphoma, P21R is the only variant that was found to correlate positively with CVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Block
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medial Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eirini Sevdali
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medial Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mike Recher
- Immunodeficiency Clinic and Laboratory, Medical Outpatient Unit and Department Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lennart Hammarstrom
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Cristian R Smulski
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Medical Physics Department, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Manuela Baronio
- Department of Clinical and Exp. Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Plebani
- Department of Clinical and Exp. Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michele Proietti
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medial Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthaios Speletas
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medial Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard E Voll
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medial Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vassilios Lougaris
- Department of Clinical and Exp. Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Hermann Eibel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medial Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Sevdali E, Block V, Lataretu M, Li H, Smulski CR, Briem JS, Heitz Y, Fischer B, Ramirez NJ, Grimbacher B, Jäck HM, Voll RE, Hölzer M, Schneider P, Eibel H. BAFFR activates PI3K/AKT signaling in human naive but not in switched memory B cells through direct interactions with B cell antigen receptors. Cell Rep 2022; 39:111019. [PMID: 35767961 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of BAFF to BAFFR activates in mature B cells PI3K/AKT signaling regulating protein synthesis, metabolic fitness, and survival. In humans, naive and memory B cells express the same levels of BAFFR, but only memory B cells seem to survive without BAFF. Here, we show that BAFF activates PI3K/AKT only in naive B cells and changes the expression of genes regulating migration, proliferation, growth, and survival. BAFF-induced PI3K/AKT activation requires direct interactions between BAFFR and the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) components CD79A and CD79B and is enhanced by the AKT coactivator TCL1A. Compared to memory B cells, naive B cells express more surface BCRs, which interact better with BAFFR than IgG or IgA, thus allowing stronger responses to BAFF. As ablation of BAFFR in naive and memory B cells causes cell death independent of BAFF-induced signaling, BAFFR seems to act also as an intrinsic factor for B cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Sevdali
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Violeta Block
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marie Lataretu
- RNA Bioinformatics and High-Throughput Analysis, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Jena, Leutragraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Huiying Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cristian R Smulski
- Medical Physics Department, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica (CNEA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avenida E-Bustillo 9500, R8402AGP Río Negro, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Jana-Susann Briem
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yannic Heitz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Beate Fischer
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Neftali-Jose Ramirez
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, University of Erlangen, Glückstraße 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Reinhard E Voll
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hölzer
- Methodology and Research Infrastructure, MF1 Bioinformatics, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Ch. des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Hermann Eibel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Hugstetterstr. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Breisacherstr. 115, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
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4
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Ren A, Sun J, Yin W, Westerberg LS, Miller H, Lee P, Candotti F, Guan F, Lei J, Gong Q, Chen Y, Liu C. Signaling networks in B cell development and related therapeutic strategies. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:877-891. [PMID: 34528729 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2ru0221-088rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells are essential for Ab production during humoral immune responses. From decades of B cell research, there is now a detailed understanding of B cell subsets, development, functions, and most importantly, signaling pathways. The complicated pathways in B cells and their interactions with each other are stage-dependent, varying with surface marker expression during B cell development. With the increasing understanding of B cell development and signaling pathways, the mechanisms underlying B cell related diseases are being unraveled as well, making it possible to provide more precise and effective treatments. In this review, we describe several essential and recently discovered signaling pathways in B cell development and take a look at newly developed therapeutic strategies targeted at B cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwen Ren
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianxuan Sun
- Department and Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heather Miller
- The Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Pamela Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fabio Candotti
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fei Guan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahui Lei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Second Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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5
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Speletas M, Raftopoulou S, Farmaki E, Gatselis N, Germanidis G, Mouchtouri V, Hatzianastasiou S, Georgiadou S, Tsinti G, Tsachouridou O, Tseroni M, Metallidis S, Dalekos G, Eibel H, Hadjichristodoulou C. B cells and COVID-19: Lessons from agammaglobulinemia patients and the study of functional B cell polymorphisms. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2021; 32:53-55. [PMID: 34159904 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Speletas
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - S Raftopoulou
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - E Farmaki
- First Department of Pediatrics, Ippokrateion Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N Gatselis
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Centre of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Greece
| | - G Germanidis
- First Internal Medicine Department, Infectious Diseases Division, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - V Mouchtouri
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - S Georgiadou
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Centre of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Greece
| | - G Tsinti
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - O Tsachouridou
- First Internal Medicine Department, Infectious Diseases Division, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M Tseroni
- National Public Health Organization, Athens, Greece
| | - S Metallidis
- First Internal Medicine Department, Infectious Diseases Division, AHEPA Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - G Dalekos
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Centre of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Greece
| | - H Eibel
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Hadjichristodoulou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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6
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Chen Y, Yang M, Long D, Li Q, Zhao M, Wu H, Lu Q. Abnormal expression of BAFF and its receptors in peripheral blood and skin lesions from systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Autoimmunity 2020; 53:192-200. [PMID: 32157911 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2020.1736049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by abnormal T and B cells. B-cell activating factor (BAFF) has been suggested to play a crucial role in lupus by promoting the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of B cells. Increased serum levels of BAFF have been found in patients with lupus. However, the expression of BAFF and its receptors on immune cells and in skin has not been systematically reported before. Here, we report that SLE patients showed increased levels of BAFF on circulating CD3+ T cells and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) on CD14+ monocytes and dramatically increased expression of BAFF in lupus skin lesions compared with those of healthy controls. TACI was undetectable on circulating immune cells. An increased serum level of BAFF was also confirmed in lupus patients in this study. Our findings may provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis and predictors of BAFF antibody treatment response, as well as potential targets for skin therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Di Long
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianwen Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Ntellas P, Dardiotis E, Sevdali E, Siokas V, Aloizou AM, Tsinti G, Germenis AE, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Eibel H, Speletas M. TNFRSF13C/ BAFFR P21R and H159Y polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 37:101422. [PMID: 32172995 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.101422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies implicate B cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis, and consequently, several molecules participating in B cell survival and proliferation, including B-cell activating factor (BAFF), have recently been analyzed in MS patients. BAFF mediates its function through binding to three receptors; among them, its interaction with the BAFF receptor (BAFFR) is crucial in mediating its survival function. Interestingly, two common polymorphisms of the TNFRSF13C gene, encoding BAFFR, P21R (rs77874543) and H159Y (rs61756766), have been reported to affect BAFFR assembly and signaling. In order to evaluate the possible contribution of BAFFR in MS pathogenesis and/or phenotype, we analyzed both TNFRSF13C/BAFFR polymorphisms in 486 MS patients in relation to their disease severity, their disability status and the age of disease onset and duration. As control group, we used allele frequencies extracted from the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) Browser. Interestingly, we found a higher prevalence of the H159Y polymorphism in MS patients, suggesting that enhanced BAFFR-signaling might contribute to the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Ntellas
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eirini Sevdali
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vasileios Siokas
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Athina-Maria Aloizou
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Gerasimina Tsinti
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Anastasios E Germenis
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Hermann Eibel
- Centre for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthaios Speletas
- Department of Immunology & Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
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8
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Sevdali E, Katsantoni E, Smulski CR, Moschovi M, Palassopoulou M, Kolokotsa EN, Argentou N, Giannakoulas N, Adamaki M, Vassilopoulos G, Polychronopoulou S, Germenis AE, Eibel H, Speletas M. BAFF/APRIL System Is Functional in B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in a Disease Subtype Manner. Front Oncol 2019; 9:594. [PMID: 31380267 PMCID: PMC6657364 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BAFF, APRIL and their receptors regulate the survival, maturation and homeostasis of mature B-cells. Despite the lack of a functional role of BAFF/APRIL system during normal early B-cell development, previous studies indicated a contribution of these molecules in the pathogenesis of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Here, we evaluated the expression of this system in B-ALL and its involvement in spontaneous and drug-induced apoptosis of B-lymphoblasts, taking into consideration the distinct disease subtypes. We found that BAFFR is the most predominant aberrantly expressed receptor in B-ALL and that its expression, along with BCMA and APRIL, positively correlates with the maturation stage of B-lymphoblasts. Moreover, the binding of the E2A-PBX1 chimeric protein to the BAFFR promoter suggests that the transcriptional activator promotes the increase in BAFFR expression observed in about 50% of pre-B-ALL patients carrying the t (1, 19) translocation. BAFF binding to BAFFR led to the processing of NF-κB2 p100 in pre-B ALL cells suggesting that BAFFR can activate the NF-κB2 pathway in pre-B ALL cells. Surprisingly, we found that BAFF treatment promotes the cell death of primary BCR-ABL+ BAFFR+ pre-B-lymphoblasts in adult B-ALL. It also enhances glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in the E2A-PBX1+ pre-B-ALL cell line 697. These data suggest that BAFF/BAFFR signaling in B-ALL cells differs from normal B cells and that it may affect the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Sevdali
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eleni Katsantoni
- Basic Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Cristian R Smulski
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Maria Moschovi
- Hematology/Oncology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Palassopoulou
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eleni-Nefeli Kolokotsa
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Argentou
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Giannakoulas
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Adamaki
- Hematology/Oncology Unit, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Vassilopoulos
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Sophia Polychronopoulou
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios E Germenis
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Hermann Eibel
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Matthaios Speletas
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Dimitrakopoulos FID, Kottorou AE, Antonacopoulou AG, Panagopoulos N, Scopa C, Kalofonou M, Dougenis D, Koutras A, Makatsoris T, Tzelepi V, Kalofonos HP. Expression of Immune System-Related Membrane Receptors CD40, RANK, BAFFR and LTβR is Associated with Clinical Outcome of Operated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050741. [PMID: 31137630 PMCID: PMC6572708 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies implicates the NF-κB (Nuclear Factor of kappa light chain gene enhancer in B cells) alternative pathway in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We assessed the clinical significance of CD40 (Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5, TNFRSF5), BAFFR (B-cell activating factor receptor), RANK (Receptor activator of NF-κB) and LTβR (lymphotoxin β receptor) receptors, which activate the alternative pathway of NF-κB, in NSCLC. Evaluation of CD40, BAFFR, RANK and LTβR expression was performed based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) datasets, while protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in specimens from 119 operated NSCLC patients. CD40 gene overexpression was correlated with improved five-year overall survival (OS) (p < 0.001), while increased BAFFR and LTβR mRNA levels were associated with worse OS in patients with adenocarcinomas (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Similarly, patients with adenocarcinomas exhibited a negative correlation between membranous BAFFR protein expression in carcinoma cells and three- and five-year survival (p = 0.021; HR, 4.977 and p = 0.030; HR, 3.358, respectively) as well as between BAFFR protein overexpression in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and two-year survival (p = 0.036; HR, 1.983). Patients with increased LTβR nuclear protein staining or stage II patients with lower cytoplasmic LTβR protein expression had worse five-year OS (p = 0.039 and p = 0.008, respectively). Moreover, CD40 protein expression in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and CAFs was positively associated with metastatic spread while BAFFR protein expression in CAFs was negatively associated with bone metastasis (p = 0.041). Our data suggests that CD40, BAFFR, RANK and LTβR play an important role in NSCLC and further supports the role of NF-κB alternative pathway in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteinos-Ioannis D Dimitrakopoulos
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Anastasia E Kottorou
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Anna G Antonacopoulou
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Panagopoulos
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Chrisoula Scopa
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Melpomeni Kalofonou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Dimitrios Dougenis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Angelos Koutras
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Thomas Makatsoris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Vassiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
| | - Haralabos P Kalofonos
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.
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Parackova Z, Klocperk A, Rataj M, Kayserova J, Zentsova I, Sumnik Z, Kolouskova S, Sklenarova J, Pruhova S, Obermannova B, Petruzelkova L, Lebl J, Kalina T, Sediva A. Alteration of B cell subsets and the receptor for B cell activating factor (BAFF) in paediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. Immunol Lett 2017; 189:94-100. [PMID: 28414179 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lately, mounting evidence has shown that B cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Here, we present alterations in B cell subsets including BAFF receptor (BAFFR) expression in cohorts of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their relatives. PATIENTS AND METHODS B cells were studied in 438 patients with T1D (158 at disease onset and 280 with long-term disease), 136 first-degree relatives and 53 healthy controls. The B cell panel included transitional, naïve, MZ-like, switched memory B cells and plasmablasts. We also measured serum BAFF levels as well as BAFFR expression on both B and T cells. Moreover, the effect of BAFF on T and B lymphocytes was analysed in vitro. RESULTS We observed a significant decrease in the proportion of transitional B cells in the patients with T1D, accompanied by an increased proportion of plasmablasts, especially in recent-onset patients and their relatives. While the BAFF serum levels did not differ in the patients with T1D, BAFFR-expressing B and especially T cell numbers were reduced in the T1D cohort, with the exception of patients with recent-onset disease who exhibited a significant increase in the number of BAFFR-expressing T cells. T cell activation and B cell proliferation were more pronounced after activation with BAFF in the T1D cohort compared to controls. CONCLUSION The B cell panel in patients with T1D is characterized by significantly reduced populations of B cells in their early stages of development with a shift towards plasma cells. The dynamics of BAFFR-expressing B and T cells and the more pronounced responsiveness of the T1D T cells to BAFF point to the role of BAFF and T and B cell cooperation in the development of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Parackova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Adam Klocperk
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Rataj
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Kayserova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Irena Zentsova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdenek Sumnik
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Stanislava Kolouskova
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Sklenarova
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Stepanka Pruhova
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Obermannova
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Petruzelkova
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Lebl
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomas Kalina
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Sediva
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic.
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11
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Krejsek J, Koláčková M, Lindrová I, Slezák R, Andrýs C. Increase of Intracellular BAFF in B Cells of Sjögren's Patients Is Not Affected by Decrease of BAFFR. Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove) 2015; 58:25-31. [PMID: 26454804 DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2015.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The presence of a broad spectrum of autoantibodies in Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) patients is the result of abnormal B-cell regulation that can be at least partially explained by abnormal BAFF/BAFFR regulation. The objective of this study was to determine both membrane and intracellular expression of BAFF/BAFFR in monocytes and B-cells in peripheral blood of 19 primary Sjögren's syndrome patients and 20 healthy controls using flow cytometry. We also measured sBAFF in serum. Compared to healthy controls, both surface and intracellular expression of BAFF was significantly increased in monocytes and B-cells of SjS patients. Also serum sBAFF level was elevated. Expression of BAFFR on B-cells of SjS patients was surprisingly decreased, but there was no clear increase or decrease within monocytes. Our results indicate that activated monocytes communicate with B-cells via BAFF and BAFFR, so that B-cells are stimulated, but BAFF is also produced to stimulate cells in autocrine way. The decrease of BAFFR expression in SjS patients suggests that there is the mechanism that attempts to take over in order to balance the high level of BAFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Krejsek
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Koláčková
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Lindrová
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Department of Stomatology, Czech Republic
| | - Radovan Slezák
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Department of Stomatology, Czech Republic
| | - Ctirad Andrýs
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Czech Republic
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Kompoti M, Michopoulos A, Michalia M, Clouva-Molyvdas PM, Germenis AE, Speletas M. Genetic polymorphisms of innate and adaptive immunity as predictors of outcome in critically ill patients. Immunobiology 2014; 220:414-21. [PMID: 25454804 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock frequently cause the admission or complicate the clinical course of critically ill patients admitted in the intensive care units (ICU). Genetic variations disrupting the immune sensing of infectious organisms, could affect the ability of the immune system to respond to infection, and may influence both the genetic predisposition to infection and the diversity of the clinical presentation of sepsis. The aim of this study was to uncover possible associations between common functional immune gene polymorphisms (of both innate and adaptive immunity) and ICU-acquired sepsis and mortality. The TLR4-D299G (rs4986790), TLR4-T399I (rs4986791), C2-c.841_849+19del28 (rs9332736), TACI-C104R (rs34557412), BAFFR-P21R (rs77874543), and BAFFR-H159Y (rs61756766) polymorphisms were detected in a cohort of 215 critically ill patients, admitted in an 8-bed medical/surgical ICU. Interestingly, TLR4-D299G, TLR4-T399I and BAFFR-P21R carriage was associated with a lower risk of ICU-acquired sepsis. This association applied particularly in medical patients, while in trauma and surgical patients no significant associations were observed. Moreover, carriers of TACI-C104R displayed an undiagnosed mild to moderate hypogammaglobulinemia along with a significantly lower survival rate in the ICU, although lethal events were not attributed to sepsis. These findings further elucidate the role that host immune genetic variations may play in the susceptibility to ICU-acquired sepsis and ICU mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kompoti
- Intensive Care Unit, Thriassion General Hospital of Eleusis, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Michopoulos
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, University of Thessaly, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Larissa, Greece
| | - Martha Michalia
- Intensive Care Unit, Thriassion General Hospital of Eleusis, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Anastasios E Germenis
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, University of Thessaly, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Larissa, Greece
| | - Matthaios Speletas
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, University of Thessaly, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Larissa, Greece.
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Gardam S, Brink R. Non-Canonical NF-κB Signaling Initiated by BAFF Influences B Cell Biology at Multiple Junctures. Front Immunol 2014; 4:509. [PMID: 24432023 PMCID: PMC3880999 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been more than a decade since it was recognized that the nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells (NF-κB) transcription factor family was activated by two distinct pathways: the canonical pathway involving NF-κB1 and the non-canonical pathway involving NF-κB2. During this time a great deal of evidence has been amassed on the ligands and receptors that activate these pathways, the cytoplasmic adapter molecules involved in transducing the signals from receptors to nucleus, and the resulting physiological outcomes within body tissues. In contrast to NF-κB1 signaling, which can be activated by a wide variety of receptors, the NF-κB2 pathway is typically only activated by a subset of receptor and ligand pairs belonging to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family. Amongst these is B cell activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) and its receptor BAFFR. Whilst BAFF is produced by many cell types throughout the body, BAFFR expression appears to be restricted to the hematopoietic lineage and B cells in particular. For this reason, the main physiological outcomes of BAFF mediated NF-κB2 activation are confined to B cells. Indeed BAFF mediated NF-κB2 signaling contributes to peripheral B cell survival and maturation as well as playing a role in antibody responses and long term maintenance plasma cells. Thus the importance BAFF and NF-κB2 permeates the entire B cell lifespan and impacts on this important component of the immune system in a variety of ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gardam
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Darlinghurst, NSW , Australia
| | - Robert Brink
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Darlinghurst, NSW , Australia ; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales , Darlinghurst, NSW , Australia
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14
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Wu B, Gong J, Yuan S, Zhang Y, Wei T. Patterns of evolutionary selection pressure in the immune signaling protein TRAF3IP2 in mammals. Gene 2013; 531:403-10. [PMID: 24021976 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
TRAF3 interacting protein 2 (TRAF3IP2) is important for immune responses to pathogens, inflammatory signals and autoimmunity in mammals. In the present study, we collected 19 mammalian TRAF3IP2 sequences and investigated the various types of selection pressure acting on them. Maximum likelihood estimations of nonsynonymous (dN) to synonymous (dS) substitution (dN/dS) ratios for the aligned coding sequences indicated that, as a whole, TRAF3IP2 has been subject to purifying selection. However, the N-terminus of the protein has been subject to higher selection pressure than the C-terminal domain. While eight amino acid residues within the N-terminus appear to have evolved under positive selection, no evidence for such selection was found in the C-terminus. The positively selected residues, which fall outside the currently known functional sites within TRAF3IP2, may have novel functions. The different selection pressures acting on the N- and C-terminal regions are consistent with their protein structures: the C-terminal structure is an ordered structure, whereas the N-terminus is disordered. Taken together with the results of previous studies, it is plausible that positive selection on the N-terminus of TRAF3IP2 may have occurred by competitive coevolution between mammalian hosts and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojun Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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