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Yu J, Zhou P, Du W, Xu R, Yan G, Deng Y, Li X, Chen Y. Metabolically stable diphenylamine derivatives suppress androgen receptor and BET protein in prostate cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113946. [PMID: 32247852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is a crucial driver of prostate cancer (PC). AR-relevant resistance remains a major challenge in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family are critical AR coregulators. Here, we developed several diphenylamine derivatives and identified compound 7d that disrupted the functions of AR and BET family in prostate cancer and exhibited favorable metabolic stability in vitro and high drug exposure in vivo. We showed 7d not only bound to AR, suppressed transactivation of wild-type AR (wt-AR) and the mutant that mediates Enzalutamide resistance, but also reduced c-Myc protein expression through BET inhibition. In addition, 7d inhibited the proliferation of AR-positive PC cells with favorable selectivity and suppressed AR-V7-expressing VCaP and 22Rv1 xenografts growth in vivo. Collectively, these results indicate the potential of lead compound 7d as an orally available AR and BET inhibitor to treat CRPC and overcome antiandrogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Peiting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wu Du
- Hinova Pharmaceuticals Inc., 4th Floor, Building RongYao A, No. 5, Keyuan South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruixue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guoyi Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yufang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinghai Li
- Hinova Pharmaceuticals Inc., 4th Floor, Building RongYao A, No. 5, Keyuan South Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuanwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China; Hinova Pharmaceuticals Inc., 4th Floor, Building RongYao A, No. 5, Keyuan South Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Trivedi A, Mehrotra A, Baum CE, Lewis B, Basuroy T, Blomquist T, Trumbly R, Filipp FV, Setaluri V, de la Serna IL. Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins regulate melanocyte differentiation. Epigenetics Chromatin 2020; 13:14. [PMID: 32151278 PMCID: PMC7063807 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-020-00333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacologic inhibition of bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins is currently being explored as a new therapeutic approach in cancer. Some studies have also implicated BET proteins as regulators of cell identity and differentiation through their interactions with lineage-specific factors. However, the role of BET proteins has not yet been investigated in melanocyte differentiation. Melanocyte inducing transcription factor (MITF) is the master regulator of melanocyte differentiation, essential for pigmentation and melanocyte survival. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that BET proteins regulate melanocyte differentiation through interactions with MITF. RESULTS Here we show that chemical inhibition of BET proteins prevents differentiation of unpigmented melanoblasts into pigmented melanocytes and results in de-pigmentation of differentiated melanocytes. BET inhibition also slowed cell growth, without causing cell death, increasing the number of cells in G1. Transcriptional profiling revealed that BET inhibition resulted in decreased expression of pigment-specific genes, including many MITF targets. The expression of pigment-specific genes was also down-regulated in melanoma cells, but to a lesser extent. We found that RNAi depletion of the BET family members, bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) and bromodomain-containing protein 2 (BRD2) inhibited expression of two melanin synthesis enzymes, TYR and TYRP1. Both BRD4 and BRD2 were detected on melanocyte promoters surrounding MITF-binding sites, were associated with open chromatin structure, and promoted MITF binding to these sites. Furthermore, BRD4 and BRD2 physically interacted with MITF. CONCLUSION These findings indicate a requirement for BET proteins in the regulation of pigmentation and melanocyte differentiation. We identified changes in pigmentation specific gene expression that occur upon BET inhibition in melanoblasts, melanocytes, and melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archit Trivedi
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3035 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614 USA
| | - Aanchal Mehrotra
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3035 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614 USA
- Present Address: Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Caitlin E. Baum
- Department of Pathology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3035 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614 USA
| | - Brandon Lewis
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3035 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614 USA
| | - Tupa Basuroy
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3035 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614 USA
- Present Address: Cancer Center Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, 149 Thirteenth Street, 7th Floor, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA
| | - Thomas Blomquist
- Department of Pathology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3035 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614 USA
| | - Robert Trumbly
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3035 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614 USA
| | - Fabian V. Filipp
- Cancer Systems Biology, Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, München, 85764 Germany
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University München, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 3, Freising, 85354 Germany
| | - Vijayasaradhi Setaluri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, The School of Medicine and Public Health, 1 S. Park Street, Madison, WI 53715 USA
| | - Ivana L. de la Serna
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3035 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614 USA
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Feng Y, Xiao S, Chen Y, Jiang H, Liu N, Luo C, Chen S, Chen H. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of benzo[cd]indol-2(1H)-ones derivatives as BRD4 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 152:264-273. [PMID: 29730189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Compound 1 bearing with benzo [cd]indol-2(1H)-one scaffold was identified as an effective BRD4 inhibitor through the AlphaScreen-based high-throughput screening and its high-resolution crystal structure with BRD4_BD1 protein. A series of 48 compounds were designed and synthesized by structural optimization on compound 1. All the compounds have been evaluated for their BRD4 inhibitory activities. The results showed that compounds 23, 24, 28 and 44 are the most potential ones with the IC50 values of 1.02 μM, 1.43 μM, 1.55 μM and 3.02 μM, respectively. According to their co-crystal structures in complex with BRD4_BD1 and the protein thermal shift assays, the binding modes were revealed that the additional indirect hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions make such four compounds more active than 1 against BRD4. Furthermore, compounds 1, 23 and 44 were chosen to evaluate for their antiproliferative activities on the MLL-AF4-expression acute leukemia cell line (MV4-11), other cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, A549, 22Rv1) and the non-cancer cell lines (HUV-EC-C, MRC5, RPTEC). The results showed that these compounds exhibited good and selective inhibitory activities against MV4-11 cells with the IC50 values of 11.67 μM, 5.55 μM, and 11.54 μM, respectively, and could act on the cell proliferation by blocking cell cycle at G1 phase. They could markedly down-regulate the expressions of the c-Myc, Bcl-2 and CDK6 oncogenes in MV4-11 in the qRT-PCR and western blot studies, which further demonstrated that compound 1 and its derivatives could serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for MLL leukemia by targeting BRD4_BD1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Senhao Xiao
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yantao Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shijie Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of MateriaMedica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
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