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Lin X, Zhao X, Chen Y, Yang R, Dai Z, Li W, Lin C, Cao W. CXC ligand 13 orchestrates an immunoactive microenvironment and enhances immunotherapy response in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2024; 38:3946320241227312. [PMID: 38252495 PMCID: PMC10807398 DOI: 10.1177/03946320241227312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to systematically explore the role of chemokine CXC ligand 13 (CXCL13) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods: The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases provided the RNA-seq data for cancer and normal tissues, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis was applied to search the cancer hallmarks associated with CXCL13 expression. TIMER2.0 was the main platform used to investigate the immune cell infiltration related to CXCL13. Immunohistochemistry was applied to explore the relationship between CXCL13 and patients' prognosis and the relationship between CXCL13 and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs). Results: The expression of CXCL13 was upregulated in most tumors, including HNSCC. The higher expression of CXCL13 was closely related to the positive prognosis of HNSCC. CXCL13 was mainly expressed in B cells and CD8 + T cells, revealing the relationship between its expression and immune activation in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry and multiple fluorescence staining analysis of HNSCC samples showed a powerful correlation between CXCL13 expression, TLSs formation, and positive prognosis. Finally, CXCL13 significantly increased the response to cancer immunotherapy. Conclusions: CXCL13 may function as a potential biomarker for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response and associate with TLSs in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Lin
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhao
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenlin Dai
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Xuchang Central Hospital, Henan, China
| | - Chengzhong Lin
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fu Dan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Bao YQ, Wang JP, Dai ZW, Mao YM, Wu J, Guo HS, Xia YR, Ye DQ. Increased circulating CXCL13 levels in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 39:281-290. [PMID: 31523787 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04775-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CXC ligand 13 (CXCL13) is known as B cell chemotactic factor (BLC), promoting the migration of B lymphocytes by communicating with its receptor CXCR5, which can be regarded as part of pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This meta-analysis was to evaluate the circulating CXCL13 levels in SLE and RA. METHODS All articles were respectively gathered from PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) (by the end of 10 April 2019). According to random effects model, standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of CXCL13 levels in SLE and RA were calculated by Stata 12.0 software. RESULTS Totally, 15 studies were selected (981 SLE patients and 380 healthy controls, 332 RA patients and 147 healthy controls). SLE and RA patients were significantly increased in circulating CXCL13 levels (SMD = 1.851, 95% CI 0.604-3.098; SMD = 1.801, 95% CI = 1.145-2.457). Subgroup analyses showed that SLE patients from the Chinese group and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) score ≥ 6 group had higher circulating CXCL13 levels (SMD = 2.182, 95% CI 0.135-4.229; SMD = 0.767, 95% CI 0.503-1.030). However, there were no significant changes in CXCL13 concentrations in SLE patients from the English and SLEDAI score < 6 group. Similarly, subgroup analyses presented that RA patients from different classifications showed higher circulating CXCL13 levels. There was no publication bias. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrated increased circulating CXCL13 concentrations in SLE and RA patients. Circulating CXCL13 levels may act as biomarkers and therapy targets in the diagnosis and treatment of SLE and RA.Key Point• First, CXC ligand 13 (CXCL13) is closely related to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Second, this study may provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of SLE and RA patients. This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive analysis of circulating CXCL13 levels in patients with SLE and RA and also explores related influencing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Bao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jun-Ping Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zi-Wei Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yan-Mei Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Heng-Sheng Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan-Rui Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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