Reducing delayed detection of isolated cleft palate-related deformity: a call for routine intraoral examination of newborns

OBJECTIVE

To provide healthcare professional-friendly practical recommendations for early detection of cleft palate-related deformities in newborns and offer an overview of managing these high-prevalent congenital abnormalities.

SOURCE OF DATA

PubMed, SciELO, Lilacs, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases were reviewed for cleft- and diagnosis-related studies.

SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS

Unfortunately, the global prevalence of delayed detection of cleft palate-related deformities remains unacceptably high, with over a quarter of cleft palates missed at birth. This delayed identification causes physical and psychological distress for patients and families, including feeding challenges and weight faltering. To improve cleft management, it is essential to adopt routine detailed, in-depth intraoral examination immediately after birth. It is recommended not only to finger-assisted palpate the intraoral structures but also to visually inspect the oral cavity from gingiva to uvula using a wooden tongue depressor and light-assisted examination. With timely diagnosis and referral to specialized care, pediatricians, nurses, speech therapists, and plastic surgeons provide life-changing treatments, including health care maintenance, anticipatory guidance, feeding support, primary surgical reconstruction, and age- and condition-specific protocols.

CONCLUSIONS

Encouraging neonatologists and pediatricians, who are the first to examine newborns, to actively investigate the intraoral region for cleft palate-related deformities is instrumental in optimizing therapeutic approaches and prioritizing age-phases in treatment. Their crucial role in early detection and referral can lead to transformative outcomes, impacting not only the future of the newborns by facilitating functional integration into society but also yielding positive effects on families and the health system.

Cleft surgery in India - Past, present and future and a model for global knowledge transfer

This article represents the point of view and philosophy of GSR Institute of Craniomaxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery (GSRIFCS) in the management of craniofacial and cleft patients. GSRICFS is a 50 bedded state of art high volume cleft centre in Hyderabad which has accomplished greater than 30000 cleft surgeries. Cleft surgery in India has improved greatly over the last 70 years since the innovations of the Colombo plan to now, resulting in better healthcare facilities, research and transfer of knowledge globally. In this period, the deprivations of the past, due to lack of available, accessible or affordable care or awareness of outpatients and their parentage, of the possibilities, some of cultural origin such as various superstitions leading to isolation and social stigma, have been largely but not completely overcome. There were minimal centres in the past, which provided care, and this was partly due to scarcity of funding, lack of training and non-sustainability of skilled human recourses. Surgery for cleft requires not only a sophisticated infrastructure, but instrumentation, specialized anesthetists and high-end post-operative care along with a multidisciplinary team involving surgeons, anesthetists, paediatricians, psychologists, orthodontists and specialized nurses for optimal outcomes. The article elaborates the vision, mission and plan in establishing the GSRICFS and how it might form a model for the future of cleft care in LMICs.

COVID-19 and Cleft and Craniofacial Surgery in Indian Scenario

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) had created the new normal approach towards the management of all maxillofacial problems as it is highly contagious and causing a threat to the health care professionals. The surgical management of patients with cleft and craniofacial deformities has caused lots of anxiety among patients and doctors in the recent COVID era as some essential treatment will be required for cleft babies from day one. Safety and protection for cleft children and parents must be the priority while dealing with this non-emergency disease. This article will highlight the important steps of management of the cleft and craniofacial cases during this pandemic by adhering to the protocols. It also throws light towards the strategies in revoking the cleft surgical management at least till this infection subsides.

Management of Orofacial Cleft in Nigeria - A Retrospective Study

Introduction

Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are among the most common craniofacial developmental abnormalities worldwide and a significant cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to identify patterns of patient presentation, treatment approaches, and changes in our overall cleft care service between 2007 and 2019.

Methods and Methodology

A retrospective review of patients managed at a tertiary health facility in Nigeria of all OFC cases operated between 2007 and 2019 was done using the postintervention data retrieved from the Smile Train database. Data of all OFC cases operated within the period were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Descriptive statistics were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0.

Results

A total number of 740 OFC surgeries were performed in 565 patients, consisting of 269 females (48.2%) and 289 males (51.8%). The majority (63%) of the patients presented before the age of 2 years. Thirty-seven percent presented with cleft lip and alveolus, 27.1% with cleft palate only, and 36.7% with cleft lip, alveolus, and palate. Primary cleft lip repair was the most performed surgery (n = 320, 43.2%), the mean age at repair was 2.1 years. Since 2017, additional services such as speech therapy, mixed dentition orthodontics, and nutritional support were added to services provided to our cleft patients. Fifteen patients have undergone speech assessment and three have completed speech treatment. Eight patients have undergone mixed dentition stage orthodontic treatment.

Discussion

Our services have evolved from simply providing surgical care to comprehensive care with a multidisciplinary team approach and provision of a wide range of services including nutritional counseling, pediatric care, orthodontic services, and speech therapy. We believe these will improve the overall well-being of our patients while we continue to improve on services based on clinical research outcomes.

Africa has unique and urgent barriers to cleft care: lessons from practitioners at the Pan-African Congress on Cleft Lip and Palate

BACKGROUND

The goals of this study were to delineate the protocols employed for managing patients with cleft lip and palate deformities, delineate the challenges facing practitioners and patients, and to determine the patient and physician barriers to cleft care delivery in the region.

METHODS

Survey questionnaires were administered to practitioners attending the second Pan-African Congress on Cleft Lip and Palate (PACCLIP), which took place in Ibadan, Nigeria, West Africa from February 4-7, 2007. The conference included 225 participants, representing 17 African countries

RESULTS

Protocols for repair of cleft lip and palate deformities were varied, with Millard's and von Langenbeck's techniques being the preferred approach for the management of cleft lip and palate deformities, respectively. A large proportion of providers have limited access to core cleft care supporting teams, especially speech language pathologists, orthodontists, and audiologists. Several challenging barriers to cleft care were also identified at both the institutional and individual levels and are reported.

CONCLUSION

Geographic separation in Africa presents a similar challenge due to isolationism as it does to surgeons in Europe. Specific to Africa are the increased barriers to care, and economic and financial hardship at various levels. A focus on funding, team building, infrastructural support, and patient education appear to be crucial in improving the care and lives of children with facial clefts in Africa.