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Mishra T, Chatterjee S, Thakkar JJ. Effect of coronavirus pandemic in changing the performance barriers for textile and apparel industry in an emerging market. J Clean Prod 2023; 390:136097. [PMID: 36714169 PMCID: PMC9865751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the past two years, coronavirus pandemic has severely impacted global industries and altered market dynamics. The present study compares the challenges facing Indian textile and apparel industry before and after the coronavirus pandemic. The context of our study focuses on handloom industry, as the primary financial risk for handloom micro entrepreneurs lies in capital requirements for raw materials, equipment and their lack of formal management structures to tackle the pressure of uncertainty. Thus, studying and mitigating internal and external barriers of the traditional manufacturing micro entrepreneurs during and post pandemic remains crucial to frame policy decisions for sustainability of this vulnerable sector. We have employed a two-phase (before and after the onset of pandemic) successive exploratory mixed method, starting with the Delphi technique (qualitative phase) and concluding with multi-criteria decision-making. In Phase 2 analysis, seventeen key critical barriers identified in Phase 1reduced to twelve. Phase 1 modelling suggests that lack of effective government policies, demonetization, and tax policy implementation are the most significant barriers. Further, Phase 2 identifies the absence of effective government policies as the most significant obstacle to the performance of Indian handloom industry, especially after the pandemic. Additionally, lack of branding was found to be most critically linked between independent and dependent barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarunima Mishra
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, VGSOM, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Jitesh J Thakkar
- National Rail and Transportation Institute (NRTI), Lalbaug, Vadodara, 390 004, Gujrat, India
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Park J, Park D. Racial disparities in unemployment benefits among U.S. mortgage borrowers during COVID-19. J Hous Built Environ 2023; 38:1-31. [PMID: 36624828 PMCID: PMC9812739 DOI: 10.1007/s10901-022-10006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This article describes racial and ethnic differences in mortgage payment difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic and examines whether disparities exist in the benefits of the unemployment insurance (UI) program. The sample consisted of 80,797 jobless mortgage borrowers who received or waited for UI benefits between August 2020 and May 2022. Considering individual- and state-level variables in multilevel logistic regressions, we examined rates of mortgage delay in the last month and payment concerns about the next month by racial and ethnic group. Minority borrowers were more likely to have a difficulty in paying mortgage than White borrowers. UI recipients-regardless of race and ethnicity-were less likely to experience mortgage difficulties, but the positive unemployment benefit was reduced disproportionately among Blacks. Blacks were also at a higher risk of mortgage difficulties compounded by other pandemic-induced hardships-loss of household, lack of food, and mental illness-even after the receipt of UI. Findings on the intersection between race and ethnicity and UI suggest that pandemic policy interventions should be race conscious and consider the longstanding and systematic barriers experienced by minority mortgage borrowers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10901-022-10006-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- JungHo Park
- Department of Housing and Interior Design (AgeTech-Service Convergence Major), College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dongha Park
- Department of Urban Planning and Housing, Gyeonggi Research Institute, 1150, Gyeongsu-daero, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi Province 16207 South Korea
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Park J, Kim C, Son S. Disparities in food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic: A two-year analysis. Cities 2022; 131:104003. [PMID: 36168406 PMCID: PMC9500096 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2022.104003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
While the overall level of food insecurity in the United States has remained stable during the COVID-19 pandemic, certain individuals and regions have fared worse than others. This study examines state-level variables affecting individual- and household-level food insecurity during the recent two years of the pandemic beginning in 2020 by utilizing the Household Pulse Survey, a new nationally representative dataset developed by the United States Census Bureau. The results of this study suggest a set of statewide factors, such as pandemic-driven market conditions, COVID-19 prevalence, and the implementation of federal programs, are associated with the level of food insecurity that individuals have experienced during the pandemic over the past two years. The associations varied by household income levels, indicating a strong relationship between higher-income households and market conditions, as well as the importance of federal programs and state policies in alleviating food insecurity among lower-income households. The food insecurity indices also overlapped with different socioeconomic and health hardships caused by the pandemic, such as employment income loss, housing instability, and mental health problems. The findings of this study highlight state-level contexts, particularly the role of state governments, in responding to pandemic-related food insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- JungHo Park
- Department of Housing & Interior Design (BK21 Four AgeTech-Service Convergence Major), College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chaeri Kim
- Resource & Environmental Management, Action On Climate, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Seulgi Son
- Department of Urban & Regional Planning, Taubman College of Architecture & Urban Planning, University of Michigan, 2000 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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Babu MS, Chan SJ, Ein-Dor T, Dekel S. Traumatic childbirth during COVID-19 triggers maternal psychological growth and in turn better mother-infant bonding. J Affect Disord 2022; 313:163-166. [PMID: 35772629 PMCID: PMC9235213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although posttraumatic psychological growth (PTG) occurs following stressful events, knowledge of maternal psychological growth as a result of giving birth during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is lacking. METHODS We assessed PTG associated with recent childbirth (Posttraumatic Growth Inventory) in a sample of 2205 women who gave birth during the pandemic and 540 who gave birth before. They also provided information about birth-related traumatic stress (Peritraumatic Distress Inventory; PTSD Checklist), mother-infant bonding (Maternal Attachment Inventory), and breastfeeding. RESULTS Close to two thirds (60.45 %) of participants reported childbirth-related PTG with greater appreciation of life endorsed most frequently. No group differences in PTG prevalence were noted between deliveries during or before COVID-19 (χ2 = 0.35, p = 0.84). A multigroup mediation model revealed that in deliveries during the pandemic, childbirth-related acute stress was linked with elevated PTG (β = 0.07, p < 0.01); in turn, PTG was associated with lower posttraumatic stress symptoms (β = -0.06, p < 0.05) and better mother-infant bonding (β = 0.22, p < 0.001). These indirect paths via PTG were not significant in deliveries before the pandemic. LIMITATIONS Reliance on a convenient sample, self-reports, and cross-sectional design may introduce bias. CONCLUSIONS Perceived positive maternal psychological changes as a result of childbirth are endorsed by a significant portion of women during the pandemic and can ensue in response to traumatic childbirth. Maternal growth is further implicated in successful postpartum adjustment and positive mother-infant interactions during an important period. Hence, directing clinical attention to opportunities of maternal psychological growth may have benefits especially for women at risk for the adverse outcomes of exposure to traumatic experiences of childbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrithula S. Babu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabrina J. Chan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tsachi Ein-Dor
- School of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Sharon Dekel
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA.
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Mayopoulos GA, Ein-Dor T, Dishy GA, Nandru R, Chan SJ, Hanley LE, Kaimal AJ, Dekel S. COVID-19 is associated with traumatic childbirth and subsequent mother-infant bonding problems. J Affect Disord 2021; 282:122-125. [PMID: 33412491 PMCID: PMC7889625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of women's experience of childbirth in the outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and associated maternal health outcomes is scarce. METHODS A sample of primarily American women who gave birth around the height of COVID-19 (n = 1,611) and matched controls, i.e., women who gave birth before COVID-19 (n = 640), completed an anonymous Internet survey about recent childbirth, birth-related traumatic stress (peritraumatic distress inventory; PTSD-checklist), maternal bonding (maternal attachment inventory; mother-to-infant bonding scale) and breastfeeding status. Groups (n = 637 in each) were matched on demographics, prior mental health/trauma and childbirth factors to determine the unique contribution of COVID-19 to the psychological experience of childbirth. RESULTS Mothers in COVID-19-exposed communities endorsed more clinically acute stress response to childbirth than matched controls (Z = 2.65, p = .008, OR= 1.38). A path mediation model revealed that acute stress mediated the relationship between study group and postpartum outcomes. Specifically, higher acute stress response in birth was associated with more childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (β = .42, p < .001) and less bonding with the infant (β = .26, p < .001), including breastfeeding problems (β = .10, p < .01). LIMITATIONS Use of a convenient internet sample introduces bias towards more educated women and reliance on retrospective self-report assessments may entail recall bias. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 is a major stressor for delivering women. It can heighten traumatic childbirth experiences and interfere with successful postpartum adjustment. Clinical attention to traumatic stress in childbirth and problems with caring for the young during this pandemic is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gus A. Mayopoulos
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tsachi Ein-Dor
- School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Israel
| | - Gabriella A. Dishy
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rasvitha Nandru
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabrina J. Chan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren E. Hanley
- Massachusetts General Hosptial, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anjali J. Kaimal
- Massachusetts General Hosptial, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sharon Dekel
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA.
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Cowan E, Khan MR, Shastry S, Edelman EJ. Conceptualizing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with opioid use disorder: an application of the social ecological model. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2021; 16:4. [PMID: 33413619 PMCID: PMC7789072 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-020-00210-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unparalleled societal disruption with wide ranging effects on individual liberties, the economy, and physical and mental health. While no social strata or population has been spared, the pandemic has posed unique and poorly characterized challenges for individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). Given the pandemic's broad effects, it is helpful to organize the risks posed to specific populations using theoretical models. These models can guide scientific inquiry, interventions, and public policy. Models also provide a visual image of the interplay of individual-, network-, community-, structural-, and pandemic-level factors that can lead to increased risks of infection and associated morbidity and mortality for individuals and populations. Such models are not unidirectional, in that actions of individuals, networks, communities and structural changes can also affect overall disease incidence and prevalence. In this commentary, we describe how the social ecological model (SEM) may be applied to describe the theoretical effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). This model can provide a necessary framework to systematically guide time-sensitive research and implementation of individual-, community-, and policy-level interventions to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Cowan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Mount Sinai Beth Israel, First Avenue at 16th Street, Suite 2S34H, New York, NY, 1003, USA.
| | - Maria R Khan
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 227 East 30th Street, Sixth Floor, 614, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Siri Shastry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - E Jennifer Edelman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, ES Harkness Memorial Hall, Suite 401, 367 Harkness Street, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
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