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Kanayama M, Ferri M, Guzon FMM, Asano A, Alccayhuaman KAA, Rossi EFD, Botticelli D. Influence on marginal bone levels at implants equipped with blades aiming to control the lateral pressure on the cortical bone. An experimental study in dogs. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024:10.1007/s10006-024-01228-z. [PMID: 38429433 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-024-01228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To avoid cortical compression, several implant systems have included in the protocol dedicated drills aimed at widening the cortical region of osteotomy. However, the manual execution of this operation does not guarantee the necessary precision. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the optimal size of the recipient site at the level of the alveolar crest in relation to the size of the coronal region of the implant to achieve the best healing result. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blades of different diameters were incorporated into the coronal part of the implant to prepare the cortical region of the mandibular alveolar bone crest in different dimensions in relation to the collar of the implant. The differences in diameter of the blades in relation to the collar of the implant were as follows: one control group, -175 μm, and three test groups, 0 μm, + 50 μm, or + 200 μm. RESULTS The marginal bone loss (MBL) at the buccal aspect was 0.7 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.2 mm, and 0.7 mm in the - 175 μm, 0.0 μm, + 50 μm, + 200 μm groups, respectively. The differences were statistically significant between group + 50 μm and control group - 175 μm (p = 0.019), and between + 50 μm and + 200 μm (p < 0.01) groups. The level of osseointegration at the buccal aspect was more coronally located in the test groups than in the control group, whereas the bone-to-implant contact percentage was higher in the + 50 μm and + 200 μm groups. However, these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The lowest bone crest resorption and highest levels of osseointegration were observed in the 0.0 μm and + 50 μm groups. The cortical region where the blades had performed their cutting action showed regular healing with perfect hard and soft tissues sealing in all the groups. Cortical blades gathered bone particles, particularly in the + 200 μm group, which were incorporated into the newly formed bone. The results from the present experiment provide support to the use of blades that produce a marginal gap of 50 μm after implant insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Ferri
- Private Practice, Cartagena de Indias, 130001, Colombia
| | - Fernando M Muñoz Guzon
- Ibonelab SL, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Akihisa Asano
- Department of Oral Implantology, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1121, Japan
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Huang Y, Guo X, Lu S, Chen Q, Wang Z, Lai L, Liu Q, Zhu X, Luo L, Li J, Huang Y, Gao H, Zhang Z, Bu Q, Cen X. Long-term exposure to cadmium disrupts neurodevelopment in mature cerebral organoids. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168923. [PMID: 38065485 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a pervasive environmental pollutant. Increasing evidence suggests that Cd exposure during pregnancy can induce adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, due to the limitations of neural cell and animal models, it is challenging to study the developmental neurotoxicity and underlying toxicity mechanism of long-term exposure to environmental pollutants during human brain development. In this study, chronic Cd exposure was performed in human mature cerebral organoids for 49 or 77 days. Our study found that prolonged exposure to Cd resulted in the inhibition of cerebral organoid growth and the disruption of neural differentiation and cortical layer organization. These potential consequences of chronic Cd exposure may include impaired GFAP expression, a reduction in SOX2+ neuronal progenitor cells, an increase in TUJ1+ immature neurons, as well as an initial increase and a subsequent decrease in both TBR2+ intermediate progenitors and CTIP2+ deep layer cortical neurons. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that long-term exposure to Cd disrupted zinc and copper ion homeostasis through excessive synthesis of metallothionein and disturbed synaptogenesis, as evidenced by inhibited postsynaptic protein. Our study employed mature cerebral organoids to evaluate the developmental neurotoxicity induced by long-term Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Molecular Toxicology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education office, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinhua Guo
- Molecular Toxicology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education office, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shiya Lu
- Molecular Toxicology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education office, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiqi Chen
- Molecular Toxicology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education office, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiqiu Wang
- Molecular Toxicology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education office, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Lai
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Liu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xizhi Zhu
- Molecular Toxicology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education office, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Luo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayuan Li
- Molecular Toxicology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education office, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yina Huang
- Molecular Toxicology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education office, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Biomass and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zunzhen Zhang
- Molecular Toxicology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education office, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Bu
- Molecular Toxicology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Education office, Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Lab of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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García-Cabezas MÁ, Hacker JL, Zikopoulos B. Homology of neocortical areas in rats and primates based on cortical type analysis: an update of the Hypothesis on the Dual Origin of the Neocortex. Brain Struct Funct 2022:10.1007/s00429-022-02548-0. [PMID: 35962240 PMCID: PMC9922339 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Sixty years ago, Friedrich Sanides traced the origin of the tangential expansion of the primate neocortex to two ancestral anlagen in the allocortex of reptiles and mammals, and proposed the Hypothesis on the Dual Origin of the Neocortex. According to Sanides, paraolfactory and parahippocampal gradients of laminar elaboration expanded in evolution by addition of successive concentric rings of gradually different cortical types inside the allocortical ring. Rodents had fewer rings and primates had more rings in the inner part of the cortex. In the present article, we perform cortical type analysis of the neocortex of adult rats, Rhesus macaques, and humans to propose hypotheses on homology of cortical areas applying the principles of the Hypothesis on the Dual Origin of the Neocortex. We show that areas in the outer rings of the neocortex have comparable laminar elaboration in rats and primates, while most 6-layer eulaminate areas in the innermost rings of primate neocortex lack homologous counterparts in rats. We also represent the topological distribution of cortical types in simplified flat maps of the cerebral cortex of monotremes, rats, and primates. Finally, we propose an elaboration of the Hypothesis on the Dual Origin of the Neocortex in the context of modern studies of pallial patterning that integrates the specification of pallial sectors in development of vertebrate embryos. The updated version of the hypothesis of Sanides provides explanation for the emergence of cortical hierarchies in mammals and will guide future research in the phylogenetic origin of neocortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel García-Cabezas
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Neural Systems Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia Liao Hacker
- Human Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave., Room 401D, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Present Address: Department of Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Basilis Zikopoulos
- Human Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave., Room 401D, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. .,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Chai Y, Li L, Wang Y, Huber L, Poser BA, Duyn J, Bandettini PA. Magnetization transfer weighted EPI facilitates cortical depth determination in native fMRI space. Neuroimage 2021; 242:118455. [PMID: 34364993 PMCID: PMC8520138 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased availability of ultra-high field scanners provides an opportunity to perform fMRI at sub-millimeter spatial scales and enables in vivo probing of laminar function in the human brain. In most previous studies, the definition of cortical layers, or depths, is based on an anatomical reference image that is collected by a different acquisition sequence and exhibits different geometric distortion compared to the functional images. Here, we propose to generate the anatomical image with the fMRI acquisition technique by incorporating magnetization transfer (MT) weighted imaging. Small flip angle binomial pulse trains are used as MT preparation, with a flexible duration (several to tens of milliseconds), which can be applied before each EPI segment without constraining the acquisition length (segment or slice number). The method's feasibility was demonstrated at 7T for coverage of either a small slab or the near-whole brain at 0.8 mm isotropic resolution. Tissue contrast was found to be similar to that obtained with a state-of-art anatomical reference based on MP2RAGE. This MT-weighted EPI image allows an automatic reconstruction of the cortical surface to support laminar analysis in native fMRI space, obviating the need for distortion correction and registration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Chai
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda 20892, MD, United States.
| | - Linqing Li
- Functional MRI Core, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yicun Wang
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Laurentius Huber
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Center, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Benedikt A Poser
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Center, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeff Duyn
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Peter A Bandettini
- Section on Functional Imaging Methods, Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda 20892, MD, United States; Functional MRI Core, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Shao X, Yan L, Ma SJ, Wang K, Wang DJJ. High-Resolution Neurovascular Imaging at 7T: Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion, 4-Dimensional MR Angiography, and Black Blood MR Imaging. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2021; 29:53-65. [PMID: 33237015 PMCID: PMC7694883 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultrahigh field offers increased resolution and contrast for neurovascular imaging. Arterial spin labeling methods benefit from an increased intrinsic signal-to-noise ratio of MR imaging signal and a prolonged tracer half-life at ultrahigh field, allowing the visualization of layer-dependent microvascular perfusion. Arterial spin labeling-based time-resolved 4-dimensional MR angiography at 7T provides a detailed depiction of the vascular architecture and dynamic blood flow pattern with high spatial and temporal resolutions. High-resolution black blood MR imaging at 7T allows detailed characterization of small perforating arteries such as lenticulostriate arteries. All techniques benefit from advances in parallel radiofrequency transmission technologies at ultrahigh field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfeng Shao
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), USC Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2025 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Lirong Yan
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), USC Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2025 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2025 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Samantha J Ma
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), USC Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2025 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Siemens Healthcare, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), USC Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2025 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Danny J J Wang
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), USC Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2025 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2025 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Yang L, Chen L, Cai C, Li H. Differential gene regulatory plasticity between upper and lower layer cortical excitatory neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 90:22-32. [PMID: 29802938 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neocortical projection neurons consist of intracortical connected upper layer (UL, layer II-IV) neurons and subcortical connected lower layer (LL, layer V-VI) neurons. Afferent activity from the thalamus regulates layer-specific gene expression during postnatal development, which is critical for the formation of proper neocortical cytoarchitecture. Here, we show that activity-dependent gene regulation is confined to UL cortical neurons, but not LL neurons, and that this distinction is likely due to epigenetic modifications of chromatin. We found that the immediate early genes (IEGs), EGR1 and c-FOS, are downregulated in all cortical laminar layers in the absence of afferent activity in vivo. Transcriptional assays demonstrated that EGR1 and c-FOS are able to bind to the promoters of UL- and LL-specific genes to induce transcription. Furthermore, we discovered that LL neurons express higher levels of heterochromatin markers, such as H3K9m3 and H4K20m3, compared to UL neurons. Our results suggest that differential epigenetic modifications of chromatin is an intrinsic mechanism that underlies the different sensitivities of cortical neurons to activity-dependent gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Liuzeng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China
| | - Chunlin Cai
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Duoneng Biotechnology Corporation, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230022, China.
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Abstract
Laser capture microdissection (LCM) is a technique that allows procurement of an enriched cell population from a heterogeneous tissue sample under direct microscopic visualization. Fundamentally, laser capture microdissection consists of three main steps: (1) visualizing the desired cell population by microscopy, (2) melting a thermolabile polymer onto the desired cell populations using infrared laser energy to form a polymer-cell composite (capture method) or photovolatizing a region of tissue using ultraviolet laser energy (cutting method), and (3) removing the desired cell population from the heterogeneous tissue. In this chapter, we discuss the infrared capture method only. LCM technology is compatible with a wide range of downstream applications such as mass spectrometry, DNA genotyping and RNA transcript profiling, cDNA library generation, proteomics discovery, and signal pathway mapping. This chapter profiles the ArcturusXT™ laser capture microdissection instrument, using isolation of specific cortical lamina from nonhuman primate brain regions, and sample preparation methods for downstream proteomic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Corgiat
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, MS1A9, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
| | - Claudius Mueller
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, MS1A9, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
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