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Fagan MJ, Zhan JK, Wunderlich KB, Faulkner G. Examining the correlates of cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use and dual use among Canadian post-secondary students. Tob Use Insights 2024; 17:1179173X241247414. [PMID: 38628573 PMCID: PMC11020737 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x241247414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Many Canadians use nicotine products such as cigarettes and e-cigarettes. A particular subpopulation of concern is post-secondary students given they have a higher prevalence of use. Many correlates of cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use have been identified. However, less focus has been on examining the correlates of cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use and dual use. This study explores the correlates of different nicotine modality use in post-secondary students. Using data from the Canadian Campus Wellbeing Survey (CCWS; n = 27,164), a multi-level nominal regression assessed the correlates of nicotine modality use. In comparison to individuals who were <20, individuals 20-24 (OR = .448, 95% CI .321, .625), 25-29 (OR = .140, 95% CI .093, .212), 30-34 (OR = .076, 95% CI .046, .125) and over 35 (OR = .041, 95% CI .024, .071) had lower odds of e-cigarette use compared to cigarette smoking. Identifying as a woman (OR = 1.553, 95% CI 1.202, 2.006), non-heterosexual (OR = .642, 95% CI = .485,0.851), current cannabis user (OR = 1.651, 95% CI 1.296, 2.104), and being an international student (OR = .350, 95% CI .251, .487) also impacted the odds of e-cigarette use vs only cigarette smoking. When considering dual use vs cigarette smoking, individuals aged 20-24 (OR = .491, 95% CI .337, .717), 25-29 (OR = .221, 95% CI .137, .357), 30-34 (OR = .163, 95% CI .091, .292) and over 35 (OR = .122, 95% CI .065, .230) had lower odds than individuals <20. Current cannabis use (OR = 1.680, 95% CI = 1.209, 2.138), binge drinking (OR = 1.885, 95% CI 1.384, 2.568), and international student status (OR = .689, 95% CI .476, .996) also impacted cigarette smoking vs dual-use. Overall, a minority of young adults (11.5%) at post-secondary institutions in our sample use nicotine products, and the higher prevalence of e-cigarette use warrants continued monitoring. Health promotion campaigns addressing e-cigarette use are required. Additionally, tailored intervention efforts could prioritize the treatment needs of international students studying in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian Kun Zhan
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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2
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Yamada M, Nakazawa M. Status of home-based secondhand smoke exposure among children and its association with health risks in Japan. Prev Med Rep 2024; 38:102585. [PMID: 38283957 PMCID: PMC10818243 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives In Japan, secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in children has changed with increased heated tobacco products (HTPs) and electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) use. We clarified the status of home-based SHS exposure among children, including HTPs and e-cigs, as well as maternal perceptions on SHS avoidance and examined its association with health risks. Methods This cross-sectional questionnaire-survey-based study included 379 mothers who were raising children aged < 5 years. Results We found that 31.1 % of the children had home-based SHS exposure, with widespread HTP and e-cig use among smoking mothers and family members (74.2 % and 67.0 %, respectively). Significantly (p < 0.05), HTP and cigarettes were used in the kitchen and gardens/balconies, and maternal perceptions of child SHS-exposure avoidance were lower among smokers than non-smokers. Non-smoking mothers also had low perceptions of smoking on balconies and having immediate post-smoking contact with their children (27.6 % and 27.9 %, respectively). Most non-smoking mothers (76.4 %) reported that they do not encourage family members to quit smoking. The structural equation model showed that the presence of smoking at home and low maternal perceptions was correlated with SHS-related child health risks, including respiratory diseases, otitis media, and dental caries. Conclusions HTP and e-cig use in the household has been rapidly increasing even among mothers and family members, and the presence of smokers at home and low maternal perceptions may be associated with child health risks. Increasing the maternal awareness of the child health risks of home-based SHS, including HTPs and e-cigs, along with continued smoking-cessation support involving mothers and families, is indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Yamada
- Kobe Graduate School of Health Sciences, Japan
- Kobe City College of Nursing, Japan
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3
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Lechien JR, Papon JF, Pouliquen C, Hans S. E-Cigarette Vaping-Related Vocal Fold Injury: A Case Report. J Voice 2024; 38:195-196. [PMID: 34389219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
E-cigarettes heat a solution into an aerosol that is inhaled. This paper demonstrates that vaping can cause vocal fold injury such as the mucosal burn seen in the case presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme R Lechien
- Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France; Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France.
| | - Jean-François Papon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Hospital, APHP, Paris Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Pouliquen
- Department of Pathology, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Hans
- Young-Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto-rhino-laryngological Societies (YO-IFOS), Paris, France; Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France
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4
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Osibogun O, Erinoso O, Li W, Bursac Z, Osibogun A. E-cigarette, cigarette, dual e-cigarette with cigarette use, and disability status among reproductive-aged women. Public Health 2023; 218:33-38. [PMID: 36963366 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE E-cigarettes have increased steadily among reproductive-aged women, despite our limited understanding of their effect on reproductive health. This study examined the associations of e-cigarette, cigarette, and dual use with disability in reproductive-aged women. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS Data for this study were obtained from reproductive-aged women (18-44 years; n = 24,904) from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations of tobacco use patterns (dependent variable, i.e. non-use, current e-cigarette use, current cigarette use, and current dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes) with overall disability and the type of disability (independent variables). RESULTS Among women who reported any disability, 70.6%, 8.7%, 11.4% and 9.3% reported non-use, e-cigarette, cigarette, and dual use, respectively. In adjusted analysis, relative to non-use, women who reported any disability had higher odds of e-cigarette (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-3.07), cigarette (aOR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.12-2.25), and dual use (aOR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.55-3.62) compared with women without disabilities. CONCLUSIONS This cross-sectional study found higher odds of current e-cigarette use, cigarette use, and dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among women of reproductive age with ≥1 disability. Improved screening for the use of nicotine products among women of reproductive age with disabilities may be necessary to lessen the use of nicotine products in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Osibogun
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States.
| | - O Erinoso
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - W Li
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Z Bursac
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - A Osibogun
- Department of Community Health and Primary Health Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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Hernández-Pérez A, García-Gómez L, Robles-Hernández R, Thirión-Romero I, Osio-Echánove J, Rodríguez-Llamazares S, Baler R, Pérez-Padilla R. Addiction to Tobacco Smoking and Vaping. Rev Invest Clin 2023; 75:158-168. [PMID: 37441760 DOI: 10.24875/ric.23000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The tobacco epidemic has been one of the biggest public health threats, and smoking is one of the world's largest preventable causes of premature death. An estimated 15.4% of all deaths in the world are attributable to tobacco smoking. The present review aims to describe addiction to tobacco smoking and vaping. Tobacco and vaping devices contain nicotine, a highly addictive drug, which explains why smoking is so prevalent and persistent. Electronic cigarettes are a group of novel nicotine or tobacco products that have rapidly gained popularity in recent years. Electronic cigarette devices allow for the use of other drugs, including THC, while the lax regulation may allow for the introduction of toxic compounds that can lead to acute or subacute toxicity, such as the e-cigarette- or vaping-associated lung injury that has been linked to vitamin E acetate. In addition, regular vapers and heated tobacco devices emit toxins, although at lower concentrations than burned tobacco. However, more and more side effects have been identified. No new effective treatment for nicotine addiction has been developed recently, despite its huge adverse impact on overall health and other outcomes. As for the primary line of medications, the last one started in 2006, the varenicline, demonstrating a low interest in developing new medications against smoking, an unacceptable state of affairs, given the huge impact of smoking on morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sebastián Rodríguez-Llamazares
- Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruben Baler
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA-NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Foxon F, Selya A, Gitchell J, Shiffman S. Population-level counterfactual trend modelling to examine the relationship between smoking prevalence and e-cigarette use among US adults. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1940. [PMID: 36261808 PMCID: PMC9580416 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14341-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have suggested that some US adult smokers are switching away from smoking to e-cigarette use. Nationally representative data may reflect such changes in smoking by assessing trends in cigarette and e-cigarette prevalence. The objective of this study is to assess whether and how much smoking prevalence differs from expectations since the introduction of e-cigarettes. METHODS Annual estimates of smoking and e-cigarette use in US adults varying in age, race/ethnicity, and sex were derived from the National Health Interview Survey. Regression models were fitted to smoking prevalence trends before e-cigarettes became widely available (1999-2009) and trends were extrapolated to 2019 (counterfactual model). Smoking prevalence discrepancies, defined as the difference between projected and actual smoking prevalence from 2010 to 2019, were calculated, to evaluate whether actual smoking prevalence differed from those expected from counterfactual projections. The correlation between smoking discrepancies and e-cigarette use prevalence was investigated. RESULTS Actual overall smoking prevalence from 2010 to 2019 was significantly lower than counterfactual predictions. The discrepancy was significantly larger as e-cigarette use prevalence increased. In subgroup analyses, discrepancies in smoking prevalence were more pronounced for cohorts with greater e-cigarette use prevalence, namely adults ages 18-34, adult males, and non-Hispanic White adults. CONCLUSION Population-level data suggest that smoking prevalence has dropped faster than expected, in ways correlated with increased e-cigarette use. This population movement has potential public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floe Foxon
- PinneyAssociates Inc, 201 North Craig Street, Suite 320, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Arielle Selya
- PinneyAssociates Inc, 201 North Craig Street, Suite 320, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joe Gitchell
- PinneyAssociates Inc, 201 North Craig Street, Suite 320, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Saul Shiffman
- PinneyAssociates Inc, 201 North Craig Street, Suite 320, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Bold KW, Buta E, Simon P, Gueorguieva R, Jackson A, Suttiratana SC, Krishnan-Sarin S, O'Malley SS. Examining the potential role of e-cigarettes to reduce health disparities associated with menthol cigarette use: Characterizing e-cigarette use, flavors, and reasons for use among US adults smoking menthol cigarettes. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 236:109475. [PMID: 35594642 PMCID: PMC9248755 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Menthol cigarette use contributes to disproportionate tobacco-related health disparities amongst minoritized race/ethnic groups. E-cigarettes are available in flavors such as menthol and may be a less harmful substitute among adults who smoke. Yet little is known about e-cigarette flavor preference and reasons for use by race/ethnicity among adults who smoke menthol cigarettes. METHODS Nationally representative PATH wave 4 adult data (Dec. 2016-Jan. 2018) were used to examine how menthol cigarette status and race/ethnicity were associated with past 30-day e-cigarette use, flavors used, and reasons for use with adjusted logistic regression models. RESULTS Menthol (vs. non-menthol) cigarette use was associated with higher odds of e-cigarette use (AOR=1.33, 95%CI=1.16-1.52). However, non-Hispanic (NH) Black and Hispanic individuals (vs. NH White) had lower odds of e-cigarette use (p's ≤ 0.004). In terms of flavor used, adults smoking menthol cigarettes and NH Black and Hispanic individuals had greater odds of using menthol/mint-flavored e-cigarettes (p's ≤ 0.02), and older adults (vs. 18-24-year-olds) had lower odds of using sweet-flavored e-cigarettes (p's < 0.0001). Regarding reasons for use, adults smoking menthol cigarettes had higher odds of reporting using e-cigarettes due to liking flavors (AOR=1.63, 95%CI=1.30-2.04), while NH Black adults had lower odds of liking flavors (AOR=0.64, 95%CI=0.43-0.96), and Hispanic adults had lower odds of using e-cigarettes to cut down on cigarette smoking (AOR=0.59, 95%CI=0.42-0.83). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest menthol flavored e-cigarettes may be important for adults who smoke menthol cigarettes, although racial disparities in current e-cigarette use and reasons for use may exacerbate tobacco-related health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krysten W Bold
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Eugenia Buta
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Patricia Simon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ralitza Gueorguieva
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Asti Jackson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sakinah C Suttiratana
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Stephanie S O'Malley
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
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O'Donnell R, Brown A, Eadie D, Mitchell D, Bauld L, Demou E, Purves R, Sweeting H, Hunt K. Challenges associated with e-cigarette use by people in custody in Scottish prisons: a qualitative interview study with prison staff. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e051009. [PMID: 35190418 PMCID: PMC8860047 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Little is known about the perspectives of staff working in prisons where e-cigarettes are permitted. Scotland now permits people in custody (PiC), but not staff/visitors to use e-cigarettes, following implementation of smoke-free prisons policy in 2018. Previous studies, conducted before and immediately after the introduction of e-cigarettes in Scottish prisons, have evidenced stakeholder support for their use by PiC. This study focuses on key challenges associated with e-cigarette use in prisons, using data collected from prison staff once e-cigarettes had been allowed in a smoke-free environment for 6-9 months. SETTING Five prisons in Scotland. PARTICIPANTS Sixteen qualitative interviews were conducted with prison staff from five prisons varying by population (sex, age and sentence length). Data were managed and analysed using the framework approach. RESULTS While these staff confirmed strong support for the smoke-free prison policy and reported some benefits of replacing tobacco with e-cigarettes, they also spoke of the challenges e-cigarettes pose. These included: workplace e-cigarette vapour exposures; perceptions that e-cigarettes provide a new, effective way for some PiC to take illegal drugs, particularly new psychoactive substances; organisational challenges relating to the value attached to e-cigarettes in prisons; and implications for long-term nicotine use and tobacco cessation. Staff anticipated difficulties in tightening restrictions on e-cigarette use by PiC given its scale and significance among this population. CONCLUSIONS Maximising the benefits of e-cigarette use by PiC is likely to require multiple measures to support effective and safe use and e-cigarette reduction/cessation where desired. This includes monitoring any misuse of e-cigarettes, and provision of guidance and support on appropriate e-cigarette use and how to limit or quit use if desired. Findings are relevant to jurisdictions considering or planning changes in prison smoking or vaping policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel O'Donnell
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Ashley Brown
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Douglas Eadie
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Danielle Mitchell
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Linda Bauld
- Usher Institute and SPECTRUM Consortium, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Evangelia Demou
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard Purves
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Helen Sweeting
- MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kate Hunt
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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Bianco E, Skipalskyi A, Goma F, Odeh H, Hasegawa K, Zawawi MA, Stoklosa M, Dalmau R, Dorotheo EU, Berteletti F, Mwangi J, Wang Y. E-Cigarettes: A New Threat to Cardiovascular Health - A World Heart Federation Policy Brief. Glob Heart 2021; 16:72. [PMID: 34900563 DOI: 10.5334/gh.1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco is widely recognized as a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, accounting for approximately seventeen percent of all cardiovascular disease deaths globally. Electronic nicotine delivery systems such as e-cigarettes have been developed and advertised as safer alternatives to traditional tobacco cigarettes. Aggressive marketing strategies, as well as misleading claims by manufacturers, have largely contributed to the belief that e-cigarettes are harmless. In reality, e-cigarettes are far from innocuous. E-cigarette solutions and aerosols generally contain harmful substances that are commonly found in tobacco cigarette emissions. A growing body of literature suggests that e-cigarettes are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In addition, the effectiveness of e-cigarettes as smoking cessation tools has yet to be determined. Concerningly, most smokers do not give up on tobacco cigarettes and eventually become dual users. Unregulated, e-cigarettes constitute a serious threat to established tobacco control policies. Fortunately, many countries have demonstrated that strong regulations were effective in protecting their populations from the dangers of e-cigarettes. The World Heart Federation recommends applying the precautionary principle and a set of measures to protect vulnerable populations, prevent exposure to second-hand smoking, and address misleading claims. In this regard, we recommend that governments, policymakers, and other relevant stakeholders enact or support the following measures, among others: Prohibit the sale and distribution of e-cigarettes to minors, as well as the use of flavouring agents. Prohibit the use of e-cigarettes anywhere tobacco cigarettes have been banned. Prohibit marketing, advertising, and misleading claims regarding e-cigarettes. Apply excise taxes on e-cigarettes. Conduct more research regarding the long-term effects of e-cigarettes on cardiovascular health.
Lastly, countries that have banned the commercialization of e-cigarettes should maintain these measures.
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Moser D, Leitner P, Filipek PA, Hussain S, Rainer M, Jakschitz T, Rode BM, Bonn GK. Quantification and cytotoxicity of degradation products (chloropropanols) in sucralose containing e-liquids with propylene glycol and glycerol as base. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 430:115727. [PMID: 34543670 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have gained increasing popularity in recent years, mostly because they are supposed to be less harmful than regular cigarettes. Therefore, it is highly imperative to investigate possible noxious effects to protect the consumers. E-liquids consist of propylene glycol, glycerol, aroma compounds and sweeteners. One of these sweeteners is a chlorinated version of sucrose, namely sucralose. The aim of this work was to investigate degradation products of sucralose in the presence of propylene glycol and glycerol at different temperatures of commercially available e-cigarettes. Chemical analysis and biological tests were simultaneously performed on e-liquid aerosol condensates. The results of the chemical analysis, which was executed by employing GC-MS/GC-FID, demonstrated high amounts of various chloropropanols. The most abundant one is extremely toxic, namely 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol, which can be detected at concentrations ranging up to 10,000 mg/kg. Furthermore, a cytotoxicity investigation of the condensates was performed on HUVEC/Tert2 cells in which metabolic activity was determined by means of resazurin assay. The cellular metabolic activity significantly decreased by treatment with e-liquid aerosol condensate. Due to the results of this study, we advise against the use of sucralose as sweetener in e-liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Moser
- ADSI-Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, Innrain 66a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, CCB-Centre for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Leitner
- ADSI-Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, Innrain 66a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Przemyslaw A Filipek
- ADSI-Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, Innrain 66a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Shah Hussain
- ADSI-Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, Innrain 66a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Rainer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, CCB-Centre for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Thomas Jakschitz
- ADSI-Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, Innrain 66a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernd M Rode
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, CCB-Centre for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günther K Bonn
- ADSI-Austrian Drug Screening Institute GmbH, Innrain 66a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, CCB-Centre for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Leopold-Franzens University, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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11
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Roman S, Millet C, Geris S, Manickam R, Mechineni A. Crazy vaping and crazy-paving, a case of E-Cigarette/Vaping-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) with chest CT showing crazy-paving pattern. Radiol Case Rep 2021; 16:3208-3212. [PMID: 34484520 PMCID: PMC8405923 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cigarettes are devices that generate an aerosol by heating a fluid containing multiple chemicals, such as nicotine, additives, and flavorings. They were developed to aid in smoking cessation and were promoted as socially acceptable, healthier, cheaper than conventional cigarettes. Multiple lung disorders related to e-cigarette use are reported, and they range from mild cases of pneumonitis to life-threatening lung disorders that may require intubation and mechanical ventilation. Most of the complications are due to the generation of various unknown and potentially harmful chemicals within the aerosol generated in the e-cigarette. These disorders are known collectively as e-cigarette/Vaping-associated lung injury (EVALI). E-cigarettes are marketed as safer alternatives to traditional cigarettes, with the highest rates of use are noted in young smokers. Given the significant prevalence of e-cigarettes use and their pulmonary complications, EVALI should be considered a potential etiology in the broad differential diagnosis of patients with pulmonary disease and a history of vaping. Herein, we present a case of cryptogenic organizing pneumonia with a chest C.T. showing a crazy-paving pattern in a patient with a history of vaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Roman
- Department of Medicine, St. Joseph's University Medical Center, NJ, USA
| | | | - Shady Geris
- Department of Medicine, St. Joseph's University Medical Center, NJ, USA
| | - Rajapriya Manickam
- Department of Pulmonary/Critical Care, St. Joseph's University Medical Center, NJ, USA
| | - Ashesha Mechineni
- Department of Medicine, St. Joseph's University Medical Center, NJ, USA
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12
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Feldman R, Stanton M, Suelzer EM. Compiling Evidence for EVALI: A Scoping Review of In Vivo Pulmonary Effects After Inhaling Vitamin E or Vitamin E Acetate. J Med Toxicol 2021; 17:278-288. [PMID: 33528766 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-021-00823-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin E acetate (VEA) has come under significant scrutiny due to its association with E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI). Various theoretical mechanisms have been proposed for toxicity, including tocopherol (vitamin E)-mediated surfactant damage, recruitment of inflammation, and pyrolysis of acetate to the pulmonary irritant ketene. OBJECTIVE Characterize studies in mammals evaluating inhaled VEA, vitamin E analogues, or pyrolyzed acetate that describe subsequent effects on the lung. ELIGIBILITY Research in all languages from time of inception to October 1, 2020, regarding mammals (human or animal) exposed to inhaled vitamin E analogues, or any compound containing acetate administered via inhalation after pyrolysis, and subsequent description of pulmonary effect. SOURCES OF EVIDENCE Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection. RESULTS In total, 786 unique articles were identified. After duplicate reviewer screening, 16 articles were eligible for inclusion. Tocopherol was evaluated in 68.8% (11/16) of the studies, VEA in 18.8% (3/16), and both VEA and tocopherol were evaluated in 12.5% (2/16). Of the five studies evaluating VEA, it was given by pyrolysis in 60.0% (3/5). No human studies were identified. All included trials were conducted on non-human mammals: 75.0% (12/16) rodent models and 25.0% (4/16) sheep models. Outcomes assessed were heterogeneous and included 57 unique outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Several questions still exist regarding the pulmonary toxicity of inhaled tocopherol and VEA. More studies are needed to determine whether tocopherol alone (i.e., without acetate) can cause pulmonary injury. Additionally, further studies of VEA should evaluate the impact that pyrolysis and co-administration with other compounds, such as tetrahydrocannabinol, have on the toxic potential of VEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Feldman
- The Wisconsin Poison Center, Milwaukee, USA. .,School of Pharmacy, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA. .,Department of Emergency Medicine, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA. .,Department of Pharmacy, Froedtert Hospital, Milwaukee, USA.
| | - Matthew Stanton
- The Wisconsin Poison Center, Milwaukee, USA.,School of Pharmacy, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, Froedtert Hospital, Milwaukee, USA
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13
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Taha HR, Al-Sawalha NA, Alzoubi KH, Khabour OF. Effect of E-Cigarette aerosol exposure on airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma. Inhal Toxicol 2020; 32:503-511. [PMID: 33297792 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2020.1856238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The popularity of electronic cigarettes (E-Cigs) smoking is increasing worldwide including patients with asthma. In this study, the effects of E-Cigs aerosol exposure on airway inflammation in an allergen-driven murine model of asthma were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Balb/c mice were randomly assigned to; control group (received fresh air, Ovalbumin (Ova) sensitization and saline challenge), E-Cig group (received E-Cig aerosol, Ova sensitization, and saline challenge), Ova S/C group (received fresh air, Ova sensitization and Ova challenge) and E-Cig + Ova S/C group. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were evaluated for inflammatory cells and inflammatory mediators, respectively. RESULTS Exposure to E-Cig aerosol significantly increased the number of all types of inflammatory cells in BALF (p < 0.05). Further, E-Cig aerosol reduced levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in lung tissue homogenate (p < 0.05). Combined E-Cig aerosol and Ova S/C increased the airway recruitment of inflammatory cells, especially neutrophils, eosinophils, and lymphocytes (p < 0.05), increased the level of interleukin (IL)-13, and reduced the level of TGF-β1 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS E-Cig aerosol exposure induced airway inflammation in both control mice and allergen-driven murine model of asthma. The inflammatory response induced by E-Cig was slightly higher in allergen-driven murine model of asthma than in healthy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huda R Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan
| | - Nour A Al-Sawalha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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14
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Abstract
Raising the tax on tobacco-related products is the most effective and sustainable intervention for smoking cessation. The 2015 tobacco-tax increase resulted in a decreased smoking rate among Korean adult men. However, participation in the government-sponsored smoking-cessation programs developed after the 2015 tobacco tax increase has declined sharply since 2018. The popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) seems to be an important factor in this decline. Indeed, the market share of e-cigarettes has increased steadily since 2007, when the e-cigarette was introduced in Korea as a vaporizer. The introduction of the tobacco-heating device IQOS in 2017 resulted in the skyrocketing popularity of e-cigarettes, especially among the young generation of Koreans. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized marketing of IQOS as a “reduced exposure” tobacco product on July 7, 2020, further complicating smoking-cessation efforts. The agency announced that IQOS produces fewer or lower levels of some toxins than combustible cigarettes. However, FDA authorization does not mean that these products are safe. There is no evidence that reducing the harmful chemical components leads to health benefits. Clinicians need to maintain the position that those who smoke, regardless of tobacco-product type, should be counseled for smoking cessation and prescribed appropriate proven pharmacologic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeol Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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McCabe SE, Boyd CJ, Evans-Polce RJ, McCabe VV, Veliz PT. School-Level Prevalence and Predictors of e-Cigarette Use in 8th, 10th, and 12th Grade U.S. Youth: Results From a National Survey (2015-2016). J Adolesc Health 2020; 67:531-541. [PMID: 32402800 PMCID: PMC7723318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the school-level prevalence and predictors of e-cigarette use among U.S. adolescents. METHODS The Monitoring the Future study is an annual national cross-sectional study of secondary (middle and high) school students. This study uses 2015 and 2016 survey data from 8th, 10th, and 12th grade students (n = 38,926) attending 580 U.S. public and private secondary schools. E-cigarette use, binge drinking, cigarette smoking, marijuana use, and nonmedical prescription drug use were measured at the individual level. School-level characteristics were measured with both aggregated student-level measures (e.g., school-level e-cigarette use, school-level racial composition) and school characteristics (e.g., public vs. private, urban vs. rural). RESULTS The prevalence of past-month e-cigarette use varied considerably across 580 U.S. middle and high schools, ranging from 0% to 60% at individual schools (mean = 10.2%, standard deviation = 8.9%). Multivariable regression analyses indicated that past-month e-cigarette use was significantly higher at schools with a higher proportion of White students, schools that were located in the U.S. Southern and Western regions, and schools with higher prevalence of past-month cigarette smoking, after controlling for relevant individual- and school-level covariates. CONCLUSIONS E-cigarette use varies considerably across schools, and this study suggests that school context plays an important role in e-cigarette use. Cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use at the school level are closely linked and are important risk factors for individual-level e-cigarette use. The wide variation in prevalence of e-cigarette use highlights the need for schools to work with professionals to obtain school-level assessment rather than relying solely on state or national results to guide prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Esteban McCabe
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Carol J. Boyd
- University of Michigan, Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, 400 N. Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,University of Michigan, Institute for Research on Women and Gender, 204 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,University of Michigan, Center for Human Growth and Development, 300 N. Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,University of Michigan, Addiction Center, Department of Psychiatry, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Evans-Polce
- University of Michigan, Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, 400 N. Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vita V. McCabe
- University of Michigan, Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, 400 N. Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,St. Joseph Mercy Ann Arbor, St. Joseph Mercy Health System, 5301 McAuley Drive, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Phil T. Veliz
- University of Michigan, Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, 400 N. Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,University of Michigan, Institute for Research on Women and Gender, 204 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, 426 Thompson Street, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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16
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Pham K, Huynh D, Le L, Delitto D, Yang L, Huang J, Kang Y, Steinberg MB, Li J, Zhang L, Liu D, Tang MS, Liu C, Wang H. E-cigarette promotes breast carcinoma progression and lung metastasis: Macrophage-tumor cells crosstalk and the role of CCL5 and VCAM-1. Cancer Lett 2020; 491:132-145. [PMID: 32829009 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Young women represent a target of E-cigarette (E-cig) companies, raising concern for potential connections with breast cancer (BC) that have not yet been elucidated. We hypothesized that E-cig promotes BC development and lung metastasis possibly through BC-monocyte/tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) crosstalk via CCL5 and V-CAM-1 axes. We demonstrated that E-cig promoted the infiltration of circulating monocytes in mammary fat pad (MFP) model. Furthermore, E-cig exposure significantly enhanced BC cell growth in MFP tumor and metastatic lung colonization; immunohistochemical stains illustrated the increase of TAMs infiltration, reduced BC cell apoptosis and increased proliferation index after E-cig exposure. In vitro studies show E-cig vapor condensate (EVC) treatment upregulated protein expressions of CCL5, V-CAM-1, and other pro-tumorigenic factors in BC cells. Mechanistically, co-culture system demonstrated both EVC and macrophages independently stimulated BC cell growth and the migration via CCL5/CCR1/CCR5 axis. During metastasis, E-Cig exposure stimulated BC cell survival via direct interaction with infiltrated macrophages, regulated by VCAM-1 and integrin α4β1. Our findings, for the first time, showed that E-cig promotes BC growth and metastasis. This study highlights the critical role of TAMs via CCL5 and VCAM-1 pathways in E-cig promoted BC tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Pham
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Do Huynh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Le Le
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel Delitto
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Michael B Steinberg
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jieliang Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Lanjing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Moon-Shong Tang
- Department of Environment Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York University, Tuxedo Park, NY, USA
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - He Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA.
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17
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Azagba S, Shan L, Latham K. Adolescent Dual Use Classification and Its Association With Nicotine Dependence and Quit Intentions. J Adolesc Health 2019; 65:195-201. [PMID: 31208926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette) use is rapidly increasing in the U.S., especially among adolescents. A significant number of adolescents use both cigarettes and e-cigarettes, often referred to as dual use. We used a new classification of dual use, taking into account the frequency of use of both products. In addition, we examined the association between dual use with time to first cigarette after waking (a nicotine dependence measure) and quit intention. METHODS Data were drawn from the 2015-2018 National Youth Tobacco Survey. We grouped participants by dual use frequency. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association of dual use frequency with nicotine dependence and quit intention. RESULTS Different categories of dual users varied in demographic characteristics and beliefs on the harms of cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use. Compared with cigarette-only smokers, significantly higher odds of nicotine dependence were found for high-frequency e-cigarette dual users (within 5 minutes of awakening, odds ratio [OR]: 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-2.62; within 30 minutes, OR: 1.61, 95% CI, 1.15-2.27), high-frequency cigarette dual users (5 minutes, OR: 2.85, 95% CI, 1.76-4.63; within 30 minutes, OR: 4.14, 95% CI, 2.96-5.80), and high-frequency dual users (5 minutes, OR: 4.46, 95% CI, 2.88-6.91; 30 minutes, OR: 3.94, 95% CI, 2.43-6.42). In addition, high-frequency e-cigarette dual users had significantly lower quit intention compared with both cigarette-only smokers and low-frequency dual users. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the need for a standard, granulated classification of dual user, as important characteristics may vary between different categories. Future studies on dual use should consider categorizing dual use into the four classifications described in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Azagba
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
| | - Lingpeng Shan
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Keely Latham
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
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18
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El-Khoury F, Bolze C, Gomajee R, White V, Melchior M. Lower smoking rates and increased perceived harm of cigarettes among French adults one year after comprehensive tobacco control measures. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 201:65-70. [PMID: 31195346 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT France has high smoking rates, and recently intensified tobacco control policies spearheaded by the introduction of plain tobacco packaging (PP), and an increase in graphic health warnings (GHW). We examine smoking and e-cigarettes use rates, as well as smoking-related perceptions before (2016) and one year after (2017) comprehensive tobacco control measures. METHODS DePICT is a two waves cross-sectional national telephone survey of French adults aged 18-64 years (2016: 4456 - 2017: 4114). Data were weighted to be representative of the French adult population. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PR, 95% CI) estimating changes between the two study waves were calculated using multivariate Log-Binomial regression models. MAIN FINDINGS In 2017, as compared with 2016, smoking rates (PR = 0.93 (0.88-0.99) and current e-cigarette use (PR = 0.76 (0.61-0.96)) decreased in France. Further, French adults were more likely to report fear of the consequences of smoking (PR = 1.10 (1.06-1.14)) and that smoking is dangerous (PR = 1.08 (1.06-1.11)). Smokers were also more likely to report that health messages on tobacco products are efficient (PR = 1.18 (1.05-1.32)). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides early and encouraging results on potential effects of the comprehensive tobacco control strategies in France introduced in 2017, including PP and larger GHW. Our findings also suggest that e-cigarettes did not replace traditional smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne El-Khoury
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, Department of Social Epidemiology, 27 rue Chaligny, 75012, Paris, France.
| | - Camille Bolze
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, Department of Social Epidemiology, 27 rue Chaligny, 75012, Paris, France.
| | - Ramchandar Gomajee
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, Department of Social Epidemiology, 27 rue Chaligny, 75012, Paris, France.
| | - Vicki White
- Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Australia; Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | - Maria Melchior
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, Department of Social Epidemiology, 27 rue Chaligny, 75012, Paris, France.
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19
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Bamberger C, Deiss V, Gros S. [How does vaping products work]. Rev Pneumol Clin 2018; 74:181-187. [PMID: 29754757 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneumo.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To maximize the chances of replacing smoking with vaping, it is necessary to know the different types of existing devices, their characteristics and their most important settings as well as their influence on sensations. To support a user it is also important to understand the nature of the inhaled and exhaled vapor, as well as the possible mistakes that can lead to a less enjoyable experience. Highlighting e-liquids formulations and emissions can help understanding how a minimum of 95 % risk reduction compared to tobacco smoking is achieved and the influence of compounds on the user's experience. At last, a proper care, especially to refill the device and to change the resistance is the key to an effective use over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bamberger
- Association indépendante des utilisateurs de cigarette électronique (Aiduce), 91560 CROSNE, France.
| | - V Deiss
- Association indépendante des utilisateurs de cigarette électronique (Aiduce), 91560 CROSNE, France
| | - S Gros
- Association indépendante des utilisateurs de cigarette électronique (Aiduce), 91560 CROSNE, France
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20
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Kastaun S, Brown J, Brose LS, Ratschen E, Raupach T, Nowak D, Cholmakow-Bodechtel C, Shahab L, West R, Kotz D. Study protocol of the German Study on Tobacco Use (DEBRA): a national household survey of smoking behaviour and cessation. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:378. [PMID: 28464934 PMCID: PMC5414339 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4328-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of tobacco smoking in Germany is high (~27%). Monitoring of national patterns of smoking behaviour and data on the "real-world" effectiveness of cessation methods are needed to inform policies and develop campaigns aimed at reducing tobacco-related harm. In England, the Smoking Toolkit Study (STS) has been tracking such indicators since 2006, resulting in the adaptation of tobacco control policies. However, findings cannot be directly transferred into the German health policy context. The German Study on Tobacco Use (DEBRA: "Deutsche Befragung zum Rauchverhalten") aims to provide such nationally representative data. METHODS/DESIGN In June 2016, the study started collecting data from computer-assisted, face-to-face household interviews in people aged 14 years and older. Over a period of 3 years, a total of ~36,000 respondents will complete the survey with a new sample of ~2000 respondents every 2 months (=18 waves). This sample will report data on demographics and the use of tobacco and electronic (e-)cigarettes. Per wave, about 500-600 people are expected to be current or recent ex-smokers (<12 months since quitting). This sample will answer detailed questions about smoking behaviour, quit attempts, exposure to health professionals' advice on quitting, and use of cessation aids. Six-month follow-up data will be collected by telephone. DISCUSSION The DEBRA study will be an important source of data for tobacco control policies, health strategies, and future research. The methodology is closely aligned to the STS, which will allow comparisons with data from England, a country with one of the lowest smoking prevalence rates in Europe (18%). TRIAL REGISTRATION This study has been registered at the German Clinical Trials Register ( DRKS00011322 ) on 25th November 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Kastaun
- Institute of General Practice, Addiction Research and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Werdener Str. 4, 40227 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jamie Brown
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leonie S. Brose
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Ratschen
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Raupach
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dennis Nowak
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Clinical Centre of the Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Lion Shahab
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert West
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Kotz
- Institute of General Practice, Addiction Research and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Werdener Str. 4, 40227 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Family Medicine, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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